SECURE WIRELESS MONITIRING AND CONTROL FOR SMART GRID AND

HOME APPLIANCES

M. PRATAP NAIR AND SARAVANA SELVANFaculty of Engineering and Computer Technology

AIMST University Bedong, Kedah

pratapsamrat@gmail.com www.aimst.com.my

1. I. ABSTRACT

Secure and efficient communication between human being and managed devices are critical for smart grid

and smart home. The power monitoring and controlling is playing a significant role in this project. In this

project we proposes a new idea. The power consumption and their tariff amount will be automatically shown

in the LCD display. This information will be automatically received to electricity board by using the Zigbee

modem. From home we will pay the amount by using smart card system. If the amount is not paid within

the dead time the proposed system will automatically trip power supply from the EB station itself. When the

amount is paid electricity board will enable the power supply again automatically.

Keywords: Smart Grid, Tariff, Wireless Monitoring, Electricity board, LCD , Smart Card

1. Introduction

Smart Grid has been characterized as an integrated system that can increase the efficiency, reliability and

flexibility of the electricity network through a two-way flow of electricity and information. Security

enhancement is ensured through network layer protocol development, as well as inherently secure physical

layer transceiver design. Real-time two-way communications and device control lie in the core part of Smart

Grid. It is an intelligent future electricity system that connects all supply, grid and demand elements through a

communication system. Smart grid delivers electricity to consumers using two-way digital technology that

enable the efficient management of consumers, efficient use of the grid to identify and correct supply-demand

imbalances. Modern electrical network utilises an extensive implementation of technologies to achieve world

class electricity supply in terms of adequacy, reliability, quality supply, quality services, efficiency and clear

governance. This so-called “Smart Technologies” provide benefits to the network operator and the consumers

alike in the following technology clusters:

2. Smart Grid

The basic concept of smart grid is to add monitoring, analysis, control and communication capabilities to the

nation electrical grid in order to:

i. Improve reliability

ii. Maximize throughput

iii. Increase energy efficiency

iv. Provide consumer participation

v. Allow diverse generation operations Allow diverse and storage operations

Smart grid is a vision of an intelligent, dynamic “organism” that allows the electricity system to be planned

and operated in a way that optimizes all of its components to lower costs, increase reliability and utilizes new

ICT technologies. A Smart meter is an electrical meter that records consumption of electric energy in

intervals of an hour or less. Communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring

and billing purposes. Smart meters enable two way communications between the meter and the central

system. Smart meters located at homes and businesses compose a neighborhood area network (NAN). The

NAN architecture is assumed to be a wireless mesh network. Meters communicate bidirectional with a

neighborhood “collector” via multichip routing. Collectors are connected directly to a utility provider. Smart

meter have a limited. A meter may malfunction and interfere with the proper forwarding of packets, e.g.,

delaying, altering, misrouting, dropping, or ministering packets.

3. TECHNICAL ASPECT AND DESIGN OF SECURE WIRELESS MONITIRING AND CONTROL FOR SMART GRID

The existing model is the electricity travels through wires inside the walls to the outlets and switches all over

your house. In home how much power is consumed and their tariff amount does not displayed in the LCD.

The amount should be paid in the electricity board via manually. If the amount does not paid within the dead

time it will trip manually. The energy meter gives the information to the power grid manager and vice versa.

The microcontroller monitors the information i.e., units and their tarrif amount are displayed in the LCD. The

keypad control the trigger relay. The zigbee modem transfers the information to the electricity board.

Fig 3.1: Transmitter section

Fig 3.2: Receiver section

The RS 232 serial communication connects the one end to zigbee modem and the other end to PC. The

information transfers to PC through zigbee modem. The keyboard key C is used to trip the power if the EB

bill is not paid, and the key E is used to enable the power when the EB bill is paid.

Fig 3.3: Power supply circuit

It is an electronics unit which is used to give a regulated power supply to any electronics system. Transformer

block consists of step – down transformer for the required ratings. Rectifier block consists of diode – based

rectifier circuit. Filter Circuit block consists of capacitor – based filter circuit. Regulator block consists of

+Vet (and) – Vet three terminal regulators.

Fig3.4: Digital energy meter block diagram

10

AC 220V Step Down Transformer

Bridge Rectifier Filter Regulator Regulated

Output DC 5V

Fig 4.1: Power supply circuit diagram

The signal end regulator power supplies have the following section:

i. Transformer

ii. Rectifier

iii. Filter

iv. Regulator

v. Indicator

The ordinary low power E & I core transformer is used to get required voltage. It is basically step down

transformer, which reduce the voltage from mains supply depending upon the output voltage. The rectifier

sections convert AC into DC. The rectifier is designed using four 1N 4007 diode. It is a bridge type rectifier,

which give full cycle conduction output. The capacitor based filter section smooth the rippled DC and makes

it as pure DC. The smoothing level is increased by increasing filter capacitor value. The regulator block is

designed using 78 XX series. The regulator is selected to get constant voltage at output side. We can give

input voltage up to 30V. The LED indicates circuit is on live. This circuit arrangement gives constant voltage

output.

Voltage Rating = DC output voltage +5V

Current Rating = required current +1/2 required current.

Ordinary Transformer = Half wave & Bridge rectifier

Control Tape Transformer = Full wave rectifier.

For +5v @ 1A RPS

Transformer Voltage Rating = 5V + 5V = 10V

Transformer Current Rating = 1A + 0.5A = 1.5A

Type Ordinary Transformer = 0-10v @ 1.5A

Center Tapped Transformer = 10 – 0 – 10V@ 1.5

Practical Selection of Transformer: 0 -9V @ 2A (Or) 9V-0-9V @ 2A

Diode Selection for Rectifier (Based on Load Current)

1N 4007- 1A, 1N 5408- 2A and 6A 4 Mica- 3A

Capacitor Selection for Filter: Voltage Rating = Transformer secondary voltage X 2.

Capacitance= Load Current / Ripple Frequency X Ripple

Positive three terminal voltage regulator 78XX series for Positive voltage output. The XX to indicate voltage

level the 79XX series for negative voltage output.

Series resistor for LED circuit = Source Voltage – LED Voltage / LED Current.

Fig 4.2: Opto sensing circuit

ZIGBEE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.4: PIC 16F788A architecture

Fig 4.5: Digital energy meter circuit diagram

An electric meter or energy meter is an essential device that goes with consumption of commercially

distributed energy. It enables systematic pricing of energy consumed by individual consumer as it

measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically

powered device. ZIGBEE is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using

small, low-power digital radios based on an IEEE 802 standard for networks. The XBEE OEM RF

module is being used. The module is easy to use, require minimal power and provide reliable delivery

of critical data between devices. The power monitoring and controlling plays a major role in our

project. The energy meter gives the information to the power grid manager and vice versa. The

microcontroller monitors the information i.e., units and their tariff amount are displayed in the LCD.

The keypad controls the trigger relay. The zigbee modem transfers the information to the electricity

board. The RS 232 serial communication connects the one end to zigbee modem and the other end to

PC. The information transfers to PC through zigbee modem. The keyboard key C is used to trip the

power if the EB bill is not paid, and the key E is used to enable the power when the EB bill is paid.

5. Conclusion

Remote monitoring and control of power supply devices through a Zigbee is successfully developed in

our project. Potentially, secure monitoring and control of home devices through wireless

communications will gradually penetrate into the world surrounding us and bring great changes to our

daily lifestyle. We successfully monitor the power consumption and their tariff amount it will display

automatically when the power supply is given. By smart card method we can easily the pay the

electricity bill. If the bill is not paid within the delay time it will automatically trip through electricity

board.

REFERENCES

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1969, pp. 122–27.[4] National Bureau of Standards, FIPS Publication 197: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES),

http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips198/fips-198a.pdf, Mar. 2002.[5] L. Lightfoot et al., “Secure Collision-Free Frequency Hopping for OFDMA Based Wireless

Networks,” EURASIP J. Advances in Sig. Proc., 2009 (Article ID 361063), 2009.[6] V. Tarokh, H. Jafarkhani, and A. R. Calderbank, “Space-Time Block Code from Orthogonal Designs,”

IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, July 1999.[7] S. Haykin, “Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications,” IEEE JSAC, vol. 23, no.

2, Feb. 2005,pp. 201–20.