Windows Azure Platform

Wireless M-Bus protocolfor Advanced Metering InfrastructureSABER FERJANI

1Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelWho I am?Education:2010-2013: ENSI (Computer Science Engineering)2008-2010: IPEIEM (Scientific Preparatory)Experience:2013: Graduation project about Qemu translation cache policy2012: Hygrometer & Altimeter based on STM32, Line following robot, Stepper motor control through Smartphone via Bluetooth.2011: PCB Multilayer Design Layout using Altium2010: Led Display spinning wheel2009: Thermometer based on PIC with serial interface

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http://about.me/ferjaniFramingThe European Conference for Renewable Energy in Berlin in 2004 announced that by 2020, the EU would seek to obtain 20% of its total energy consumption requirements with renewable energy sources.

Renewable energy with intermittent generation necessitates a change in grid operations every few minutes. With less centralized control, the need for communications and coordination has become crucial.3OutlineIntroductionSub Ghz RadiosDifference between AMR & AMI Smart MeteringStandardizationImplementationExperimentationConclusion42.4GHz vs. sub-GHz application trends5

The figure below illustrates how sub-GHz and 2.4GHz applications have dominated in specific applications. Remote keyless entry (RKE) is a common sub-GHz application, where low-data-rate transmission at a fairly long range (100+ meters) and very long battery life are high priorities. The same is true for remote garage door openers (GDO) and tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS).

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Sub Ghz Radios

Sub-GHz radios can offer relatively simple wireless solutions. Notable advantages over 2.4GHz radios include:Range: transmission ranges of a kilometer or more.Low interference: Sub-GHz ISM bands are mostly used for proprietary low-duty-cycle links.Low power: can operate uninterrupted on battery power alone for up to 20 years.6Difference between AMR & AMI Automatic Meter Reading allows utilities to perform some basic readout functions of a customers meter. But it does not allow control of the meter itself.Advanced Metering Infrastructure, relies on updated, digital versions of the traditional electrical meter, also known as Smart meters. Consumers can use information provided by the system to change their normal consumption patterns to take advantage of lower prices.

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Smart GridThe smart grid represents the full suite of current and proposed responses to the challenges of electricity supply.Reliability: fault detection, self-healingFlexibility in network topology: bidirectional energy flowsEfficiency: Load adjustmentSustainability: permits greater penetration of highly variable renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind powerMarket-enabling: Only the critical loads will need to pay the peak energy prices8

The operation of the power grid has become so complex over the past 50 years that human control is becoming ineffective. The interconnected grid means a disturbance hundreds of miles away can have catastrophic effects on a local system.8Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelSmart Grid9

9Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelOutlineIntroductionStandardizationCENELECWireless Meter BusOpen Metering SystemDutch Smart Meter RequirementsImplementationExperimentationConclusion10CENELEC

Designated as a European Standards Organization by the European Commission, CENELEC is a non-profit technical organization responsible for standardization in the electro-technical engineering field.The national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

1128 Eurpopean countries11Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelWireless Meter BusThe Meter bus is specialized for transmitting metering data from gas, heat, water or other meters to a data collector. It is described by European Norm:EN 13757-1: Data exchangeEN 13757-2: Physical and link layerEN 13757-3: Dedicated application layerEN 13757-4: Wireless meter readoutEN 13757-5: Routing layerEN 13757-6: Local bus12

EN 13757-4: 868 MHz to 870 MHz SRD band12Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelStack overview of M-BusManufacturer specific applicationOMSDSMRApplication layer (EN-13757-3)Routing layer (EN-13757-5) (optional)Wireless (EN-13757-4) Data link layerPhysical layerWired (EN-13757-2)Data link layerPhysical layer 13Dutch Smart Meter Requirements (DSMR), and Open Metering System (OMS) are specifications that extend the EN-13757-3 application layer with:Installation algorithmsAES-128 encryptionClock synchronizationCollision avoidance

Physical layer Data link layer Application layer ModeDirectionFrequencyDescriptionStationaryS1Uni-dir868,3 MHzThe meter send data several times per day.S1-mUni-dirS2Bi-dirBi-dir version of S1Frequent TxT1Uni-dir868,95 MHzSend intervals of several seconds or minutesT2Bi-dirBi-dir version of T1Frequent RxR2Bi-dir868.03 MHz + n60 kHzFrequency multiplex allows several metering devices may be read simultaneously QThe network topology is hierarchicalPSearch procedure for discovering the path to nodes not directly reachableCompactC1Uni-dir868,95 MHzSimilar to mode T but allows higher data rate with identical energy budget and duty cyclemode T and C frames can be supported from a single receiver.C2Bi-dir869,525 MHzNarrow- bandN1,N2Uni/Bi-dir169 MHzOptimized for narrowband operationFrequent Rx & TxF2, F2-mBi-dir433,82 MHzWake up message from a stationary or mobile transceiver to the meter device to open a communication channel14T mode meter to other uses 3 out 6 encoding, instead of Manchester: provides the shortest transmission time and the longest battery life for a wireless meter14Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelOpen Metering SystemThe application layer of Wireless M-bus can be enhanced by extensions, being defined from vendor alliances, like the Open Metering System (OMS) Group, or from national bodies.The OMS group is the only system definition across Europe which integrates all media (electricity, gas, heat and water including sub-metering) into one system. It was developed by the industry in order to guarantee a future-proof communication standard and interoperability between all the meter products.

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Open Metering System16MUC: Multi Utility Communication AMM: Automated Meter ManagementPrimary CommunicationTertiary CommunicationCollectorBack Office SystemWireless M-Bus IPv4 MeterDutch Smart Meter Requirements17Electricity MeterCAS: Central Access ServerP0Back Office SystemWireless M-Bus GPRS, EthernetMeterGas, Heat, Water MeterPDA, LaptopOSM: Other Service ModuleDC: Data ConcentratorP1P2P3,2P3,1P3OutlineIntroductionStandardizationImplementationSystem overviewTI CC112X TransceiversSimplified State DiagramCommand StrobesPacket DescriptionExperimentationConclusion18System Overview19

SPIGPIOBatteryDisplayCurrent sensButtonAntennaRF TransceiversSTM32 MCUTI CC112X TransceiversCC112X is a family of high performance low power RF transceivers designed for operation with a companion MCU.

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TI CC112X TransceiversCC112X can be configured to achieve optimum performance for many different applications using the SPI interface.The following key parameters can be programmed:Power-down/power-up mode (SLEEP/IDLE)Crystal oscillator power-up/power-down (IDLE/XOFF)Receive/transmit mode (RX/TX)Carrier frequency, Symbol rate, Modulation format, RF output power, RX channel filter bandwidthData buffering with separate 128-byte RX & TX FIFOsEnhanced Wake-On-Radio (eWOR)21Simplified State Diagram22TX modeRX modeIDLEFIFO ErrorFreq CalibFreq Synth ONFreq StartupCristal OFFSleepSXOFFSRX/STX/SFSTXSTXSRXSPWDSRX/ STX/ SFSTX/ WORSFTXSFRX22Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelCommand StrobesAddressStrobe NameDescription0x30SRESReset Chip0x34SRXEnable RX. Perform calibration if coming from IDLE0x35STXEnable RX. Perform calibration if coming from IDLE0x36SIDLEExit RX/TX, turn off frequency synthesizer and exit eWOR mode if applicable0x39SPWDEnter SLEEP mode when CSn is de-asserted0x3ASFRXFlush RX FIFO0x3BSFTXFlush TX FIFO0x3DSNOPNo operation. Used to get access to the chip status.23Packet Description

24LCManIDVerTypeCRC1 byte1 byte2 byte4 byte2 byte2 byte2 byteCIDataCRC1 byte(Variable)2 bytePhysical layer Data link layer Application layer Data HeaderData BlocksMDH (opt)MFG Specific (opt)0/4/12 byte(Variable)1 byte(Variable)DIFDIFEVIFVIFEData1 byte0..10 byte1 byte0..10 byte(Variable)L: Total Length,C: Control, It specifies the frame type (T1/S1: 0x44=SEND/NO REPLY, S2: see EN60870-5-2,) M: unique User/Manufacturer ID of the meter (ISO 646)If MSB=0, A is hard coded, else, A is assigned at installation time.A: Address, CI: Control Information Field used for communication from the data link layer to higher protocol layers (0x51, 0x71, 0x72, 0x78, 0x7A, 0x81, 0x82, 0xA0-B7),DIF: Data Information Field,VIF: Value Information Field

MDH: Manufacturer Specific Data Block24Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelPacket Description: C Field (MASTER: MUC or other communication device)C Field Hex ValueDescriptionSND-NKE40Link reset after communicationSND-UD53, 73Send command (Send User Data) REQ-UD15A, 7AAlarm request , (Request User Data Class1) REQ-UD25B, 7BAlarm request , (Request User Data Class2) ACK00Acknowledge the reception of the ACC-DMDCNF-IR06Confirms the successful registration (installation) 25Packet Description: C Field (SLAVE: meter or actuator)C Field Hex ValueDescriptionSND-NR44Send spontaneous/periodical application data withoutrequestSND-IR46Send manually initiated installation data;(Send Installation Request)ACC-NR47No data - provides the opportunity to access the meter, between two application data transmissions. ACC-DMD48Access demand to master in order to request newimportant application data (alerts) ACK00, 10; 20, 30Acknowledge the reception of a SND-UD (acknowledgement of transmission only); RSP-UD08, 18, 28, 38Response of application data after a request from master26Packet Description: CI FieldCI FieldDescription0x50Application Reset0x51Data Send (master to slave)0x52Selection of slaves0x5CSynchronize action0x70Report application errors (slave to master)0x71Report of alarms (slave to master)0x7212 byte header, followed by variable format data (slave to master)0x78Variable data format response without header (slave to master)0x7A4 byte header (slave to master)0xB8..BFSet baud rate to 300.. 3840027Packet Description: Data headerStructure of Data Header (Cl = 72h)

Structure of Data Header (Cl = 7Ah)28Ident. Nr. ManufacturerVersionDevice typeAccess No. StatusSignature4 Byte2 Byte1 Byte1 Byte1 Byte1 Byte2 ByteAccess No.StatusSignature1 Byte1 Byte2 BytePacket Description: Device TypeValueDevice Type 0x00Other0x01Oil0x02Electricity0x03Gas0x04Heat0x05Steam0x06Warm water (30..90C)0x07Water0x08Heat cost allocator0x09Compressed air29These are only few Examples29Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelOutlineIntroductionStandardizationImplementationExperimentationConclusion30Smart RF StudioSmartRF Studio 7 is a PC application that can be used in combination with several development kits for Texas Instruments RF-ICs.31

Implemented ScenarioInstallation Sequence (Link layer)

32Slave (Meter)Master (Collector)SND-IR (0x44)CNF-IR (0x06)SND-NR (0x46)Add New MeterControl Fields:SND-IR: Send manually initiated installation data (Send Installation Request) CNF-IR: Confirms the successful registration (installation) of meter/actuator into this MUCSND-NR: Send spontaneous/periodical application data without request (Send /No Reply) 32Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelCurrent WorkCurrently working on clock synchronization33

OutlineIntroductionStandardizationImplementationExperimentationConclusion34ConclusionWe presented the state of the art of smart metersAMI rely on smart meter technology.WM-Bus stack is well adapted for wireless metering.Smart homes & smart cities relies on meter features.Smart Grid provide useful access to control & monitor the energy consumption.

35PerspectivesDefine Different Packet format structures,Implement 3outof6 for T-mode code/decode,Configure timers & Interruptions,Implement AES encryption library,Optimize Energy for maximal battery life.

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Thank you for your attention!I hope I have been able to explain all aspects of our my work. If there are any questions left, Im very willing to answer them.37Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelReferences[1] http://www.renewgridmag.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.8946[2] Portable and Flexible Communication Protocol Stacks for Smart Metering Projects, JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 11, NO. 1, MARCH 2013 (Axel Sikora)[3] SWRU295D - Texas Instruments Users Guide: CC112X/CC1175 Low-Power High Performance Sub-1 GHz RF Transceivers/Transmitter[4] METERING INTERNATIONAL ISSUE 4 2009 - AMI & SMART METERING - OPEN METERING SYSTEM By Peder Martin Evjen[5] Analysis of State-of-the-art Smart Metering Communication Standards (Klaas De Craemer, Geert Deconinck)[6] Open Metering System Specification Volume 2 Primary Communication (Issue 3.0.1 / 2011-01-29)38