winter annual and summer annual fertilization strategies t. wade green twiggs county extension...
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![Page 1: Winter Annual and Summer Annual Fertilization Strategies T. Wade Green Twiggs County Extension April, 29, 2008 Basics of Forage Management](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f115503460f94c2467e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Winter Annual and Summer Annual Fertilization Strategies
T. Wade Green
Twiggs County Extension
April, 29, 2008
Basics of Forage Management
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Thou Shalt Soil Test
The #1 cause of poor stands at establishment – poor soil fertility or low soil pH.
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The First Step
• It’s always better to make fertility recommendations based on a soil sample.
• Phosphorus and Potassium are simply “best guesses” without knowing actual soil levels.
• It doesn’t matter how much fertilizer you dump out there if the pH is 4.5 things are still gonna look terrible.
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Winter Annual Forage Systems
Overseeding Winter Annuals into BermudaRyegrass (Annual)RyeOatsWheatTriticale
Arrowleaf Clover
Crimson Clover
Red Clover
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Fertilization requirements for winter annual grasses and legumes Grown Alone1 P3 K4
Winter AnnualAtPlanting Winter
EarlySpring Low Med High Low Med High
----- lbs N/acre ----- --- lbs P2O5/acre --- --- lbs K2O/acre ---
Grasses
Ryegrass 50 50 50 100 50 0 100 50 0
Rye 50 50 - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Wheat 50 50 - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Oats 50 50 - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Triticale 50 50 - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Clovers
Arrowleaf - - - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Ball - - - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Berseem - - - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Crimson - - - 100 50 0 100 50 0
1 Grown as a single species.3 Phoshorus. Low = soil test levels of 0-30 lbs/A (Coastal Plain) or 0-20 lbs/A (Piedmont); Medium = 31-60
lbs/A (Coast) or 21-40 lbs/A (Pied); High = 61+ lbs/A (Coast) or 41+ lbs/A (Pied).4 K=Potassium. Low = soil test levels of 0-60 lbs/A (Coastal Plain) or 0-100 lbs/A (Piedmont); Medium = 61-150 lbs/A (Coast) or 101-200 lbs/A (Pied); High = 151+ lbs/A (Coast) or 201+ lbs/A (Pied).
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Fertilization requirements for winter annual grasses and legumes Grown in Mixture2 P3 K4
Winter AnnualAtPlanting Winter
EarlySpring Low Med High Low Med High
----- lbs N/acre ----- --- lbs P2O5/acre --- --- lbs K2O/acre ---
Grasses
Ryegrass 50 50 50 100 50 0 100 50 0
Rye 50 50 50 100 50 0 100 50 0
Wheat 50 50 50 100 50 0 100 50 0
Oats 50 50 50 100 50 0 100 50 0
Triticale 50 50 50 100 50 0 100 50 0
Clovers
Arrowleaf 30-50 0-50 - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Ball 30-50 0-50 - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Berseem 30-50 0-50 - 100 50 0 100 50 0
Crimson 30-50 0-50 - 100 50 0 100 50 0
1 Grown as a single species.
2 Nitrogen (N) is only needed in spring when winter annual grass mixtures include ryegrass. If annual clovers are mixed with annual grasses, apply 30-50 lbs N/acre at planting and 50 lbs N/acre in late winter only if the stand contains less than 40-50% clover.
3 Phoshorus. Low = soil test levels of 0-30 lbs/A (Coastal Plain) or 0-20 lbs/A (Piedmont); Medium = 31-60 lbs/A
(Coast) or 21-40 lbs/A (Pied); High = 61+ lbs/A (Coast) or 41+ lbs/A (Pied).4 K=Potassium. Low = soil test levels of 0-60 lbs/A (Coastal Plain) or 0-100 lbs/A (Piedmont); Medium = 61-150 lbs/A (Coast) or 101-200 lbs/A (Pied); High = 151+ lbs/A (Coast) or 201+ lbs/A (Pied).
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Fertilization of Winter and Summer Annual ForagesProduction Distribution of Small Grains Relative to
Annual Ryegrass
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Janua
ry
Febru
ary
Mar
chApr
ilM
ayJu
neJu
ly
August
Septe
mbe
r
Octob
er
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
Pro
du
cti
on
(lb
s/a
cre
)
Oats
Wheat
Rye
Triticale
Ann. Ryegrass
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Summer Annual Forage Systems
• Brown top Millet
• Pearl Millet
• Sorghum Sudan Hybrids
• Others???
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Pearl Millet Pennisetum glaucum (others)
• Soil pH 6.0 (can tolerate lower pH)
• 180-240 pounds nitrogen (N) per acre
• Grazing – 40 lbs @ establishment & 50 lbs/month while grazing
• Hay or Silage - 40 lbs @ plant., 60 lbs after establishment and 60 lbs/acre after each cutting
Phosphorus (P3) Potassium (K4 )
LowCoast: 0-30 lbs/A
Pied: 0-20 lbs/A
MedCoast: 31-60 lbs/A
Pied: 21-40 lbs/A
HighCoast: 61-100 lbs/A
Pied: 41-75 lbs/A
LowCoast: 0-60 lbs/A
Pied: 0-100 lbs/A
MedCoast: 61-150 lbs/A
Pied: 101-200 lbs/A
HighCoast: 151-250 lbs/A
Pied: 201-350 lbs/A
--- lbs P2O5/acre --- --- lbs K2O/acre ---
60 40 20 100 80 60
*Increase Phosporus and Potassium 25% if more than one cutting anticipated
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Sorghum Sudan Grass
• Soil pH 6.0 (not tolerant to acid soils)
• 180-240 pounds nitrogen (N) per acre
• Grazing – 40 lbs @ establishment & 50 lbs/month while grazing
• Hay or Silage - 40 lbs @ plant., 60 lbs after establishment and 60 lbs/acre after each cutting
Phosphorus (P3) Potassium (K4 )
LowCoast: 0-30 lbs/A
Pied: 0-20 lbs/A
MedCoast: 31-60 lbs/A
Pied: 21-40 lbs/A
HighCoast: 61-100 lbs/A
Pied: 41-75 lbs/A
LowCoast: 0-60 lbs/A
Pied: 0-100 lbs/A
MedCoast: 61-150 lbs/A
Pied: 101-200 lbs/A
HighCoast: 151-250 lbs/A
Pied: 201-350 lbs/A
--- lbs P2O5/acre --- --- lbs K2O/acre ---
60 40 20 100 80 60
*Increase Phosporus and Potassium 25% if more than one cutting anticipated
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Browntop Millet Panicum ramosum
• Soil pH 6.0 • 60 Lbs. N/acre
Phosphorus (P3) Potassium (K4 )
LowCoast: 0-30 lbs/A
Pied: 0-20 lbs/A
MedCoast: 31-60 lbs/A
Pied: 21-40 lbs/A
HighCoast: 61-100 lbs/A
Pied: 41-75 lbs/A
LowCoast: 0-60 lbs/A
Pied: 0-100 lbs/A
MedCoast: 61-150 lbs/A
Pied: 101-200 lbs/A
HighCoast: 151-250 lbs/A
Pied: 201-350 lbs/A
--- lbs P2O5/acre --- --- lbs K2O/acre ---
60 40 20 100 80 60
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Liebig's Law of the Minimum