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Athlete Profiling: Athlete Profiling: Choosing a Choosing a Periodization System to Maximize Periodization System to Maximize

Individual PerformanceIndividual Performance

Nick Winkelman MSc CSCS,*DDirector of Training SystemsAZ-NSCA State DirectorAthletes’ Performance

Special Thanks

• NSCA

• Athletes’ Performance Staff & Family

• Performance Partners

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Objectives: Periodization

• Define and present the basis for using periodization

• Discuss considerations for using periodization

i i di i fil f i• Discuss periodization profiles for Novice, Intermediate and Advanced athletes

• Provide examples based on the             Athletes’ Performance Training System

The Basis of PeriodizationPeriodization

‘Creating a Long‐Term Plan’

History of Periodization• Kotov (Olympic Sport, 1917)

– General, Preparatory and Specific Stages

• Matveyev, 1964– Former USSR (Eastern Block)

– Founder of ‘Traditional Theory’

D fi d h ‘ bdi i i f h l– Defined as the ‘subdivision of the seasonal program into smaller periods and training cycles’

(Issurin, 2010, Verkhoshansky and Siff, 2009, Bompa and Haff, 2009)

Preparatory Period Competition Transition

General (GPP) Special (SPP) Main TransitionPre

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Defining Periodization• Kraemer and Häkinnen, 2002

– Defined as ‘programmed variation in the training stimuli with the use of planned rest periods to augment recovery and restoration of an athlete’s potential’

• Mike H. Stone, 2004

– Defined as a ‘logical phasic method of varying training volume, intensity factors, and exercises in order to optimize training progress’

• Verkhoshansky and Siff, 2009

– Defined as the ‘long‐term cyclic structuring of training and practice to maximize performance to coincide with important competitions’

Periodization Cycle Hierarchy

Periodization CyclesPeriodization Cycles DescriptionDescription

Quadrennial Cycle Multi‐year plan: ≥ 4 years≥ 4 years

MacrocycleDescription of complete training period: ≤ 1 year≤ 1 year

M l (Ph )Description of singular training cycle 

Mesocycle (Phase)p g g y

or block: 33‐‐4 weeks4 weeks

MicrocycleDescribes the structural unit of a mesocycle: 1 week1 week

WorkoutsDescribes the structural unit of a microcycle: hours/minuteshours/minutes

Periodization Loading ParametersLoading ParametersLoading Parameters DescriptionDescription

Volume Describes the total number of lifts completed in a training session                               (Ex.4lifts x 4sets x 6reps = 96lifts)

Intensity 

Describes the quality of each lift and is measured as power (W), repetition maximum (RM) or percent of 1RM (%1RM)

Volume Load 

Describes the total training stimulus and is the recommended variable for tracking loading status                   (Ex. 4sets x 6reps x 100kg = 2400kg)

RPE (Cybernetics)

Describes the subjective impact the intensity of each lift/session has on an individual (Each lift/session is rated  1‐5 or ↓RPE‐↑RPE)

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Why Periodization?• Decrease risk of overtraining

– Manage fatigue

• Optimize performance over a specific time period– 1‐3 Peak Events (ex. T&F Indoor/Outdoor)

S ti S ( S )– Sporting Season (ex. Soccer)

• Cyclical structure maximizes general and specific preparation

• Accounts for individualization, training status/age and available time periods

Periodization Considerations• Peak Performance is achieved when the correct Periodization Profile is executed

• Driving factors should include…

– Training Goals/Needs

– Training Time Period

– Delayed TransformationDelayed Transformation

– Transfer of Training

– Progressions

– Training Residuals

– Training Status/Level

Delayed Transformation• Fatigue accumulates and gains diminish over the course of a training phase. For desired adaptation to be realized a period of unload/peaking (detraining) should be completed

• Time to peak adaptation is directly related to period of overload

– Ex. 4‐weeks of overload will require 4‐weeks of unload for specific adaptation to peak

(Issurin, 2010, Verkhoshansky and Siff, 2009, Zatsiorsky and Kraemer, 2006)

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Transfer of Training• Sequential or concurrent development of motor abilities will 

have a compounding outcome that exhibits positive, negative or no change on performance

• Optimal transfer is the result of complimentary strength and movement qualities being developed in the correct sequence

• Key Consideration…

SpecificityOverload

(Zatsiorsky and Kraemer, 2006)

Progression Hierarchy

Specific Movement

Acceleration Starting Str

Motor abilities should be developed in a logical sequence that is general → specific,

simple → complex and slow → fast

General Movement

Specialized Movement

Front Squat

Hang Clean

Maximal Str

Explosive Str

Training Residuals (Detraining)• Length of time a specific adaptation is sustained during a period of detraining where the training stimulus is removed

• Major Limiting Factors…

– Duration of developmental period (GPP/SPP)

• “Early to ripe, early to rotten”

– Training Age/Status

– Specific Motor Abilities

– Maintenance Work Completed

(Issurin, 2010, Verkhoshansky and Siff, 2009, Zatsiorsky and Kraemer, 2006)

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Training Residuals (Detraining)Adaptive QualityAdaptive Quality Detraining Detraining  DescriptionDescription

Aerobic System 30 ± 5 days

↑ Mitochondrial Density                      ↑ Capillary Density                             ↑ Aerobic Enzymes                             ↑ Glycogen Storage

Anaerobic System 18 ± 5 days↑ Anaerobic Enzymes                        ↑ H+ Buffering                                     ↑ Glycogen Storage

M i l St th 30± 5 d↑ Neural Mechanisms                       

Maximal Strength 30 ± 5 days↑↑ Myofibrillar Density FT

Strength Endurance 15 ± 5 days↑ Myofibrillar Density ST                  ↑ Aerobic/Anaerobic Enzymes         ↑ Lac c Acid Tolerance

Maximal Speed 5 ± 3 days↑ Motor Control                                  ↑ Neuromuscular Func on               ↑ Phosphocrea ne Storage

Training Residuals affect the periodization profile used and should be based on the identified limiting factors in addition to the

structure of the competition phase

Periodization Profiles

‘Novice, Intermediate, Advanced’

Periodization Profiles• Novice: “Traditional Model”

– Matveyev, 1964– Bompa, © 1983– Bompa and Haff, © 2009

• Intermediate: “Non‐Traditional Model”– Poliquin, 1988– Baker et al., 1994,– Stone et al., 2007

• Advanced: “Conjugate Sequence Model”– Verkhoshansky and Siff, © 1993 and © 2009– Bondarchuk, 2007 – Issurin, 2008

(Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

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Novice: “Traditional Model”• Classically: Linear Periodization

– “Wave like changes in volume and intensity”

• Based on competition schedules versus adaptation‐recovery models

– One, Two and Three Peak Models

• Concurrent development of technical cardio• Concurrent development of technical, cardio‐respiratory and strength qualities

– General Preparatory Period (GPP)

– Special Preparatory Period (SPP)

– Competition (C)

– Transition (T)

Traditional Periodization Model

VOLUME

INTENSITY

TECHNIQUE

General (GPP) Special (SPP) Competition Transition

A biTE

NS

ITY Anaerobic

Alactic

SpecificEndurance

Aerobic

Sequential Flat-Loading

INT

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Research Support:

• Subjects: 33m with ≥6 months WT Experience

• Study Design: 12 weeks Non‐Periodized, Linear d d l dPeriodization, Undulating Periodization

• Results: Statistically equal gains in Squat/Bench Press 1RM 

for all groups

• Conclusion:When volume is equated there is no difference in strength improvement across periodized and non‐periodized programs

Research Support:

• Subjects: 40m with WT Experience

• Study Design: 14 weeks Linear Periodization,   Daily Undulating PeriodizationUndulating Periodization

• Results: Statistically equal gains in Bench Press 1RM for all 

groups and no change in MRFD

• Conclusion: Daily undulating and linear periodization models induce similar increases  in 1RM strength in previously trained men

Research Support:

• Subjects: 18m/10w with ≥4 weeks WT Experience

• Study Design: 9 weeks Linear, Daily Undulating and Weekly Undulating Periodization

• Results: Statistically equal gains in Bench Press and Leg Press 1RM

• Conclusion: Daily/Weekly undulating and linear 

periodization models induce similar increases  in 1RM strength in early‐phase training

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Intermediate: “Non‐Traditional Model”• Undulating Periodization

• Increased variation through frequent changes in volume and intensity– Phase

– Weekly

– Daily

• Training Periods characterized as extensive or intensive

• Key Concepts…– Summated Microcycles

– Heavy‐Light Days

• EXTENSIVE

– General Prep

– Endurance

– Hypertrophy 

– Metabolic

• INTENSIVE

– Maximal Strength 

– Maximal Power

– MxStr Endurance

– MxPwr Endurance

Intermediate: “Non‐Traditional Model”

A mix of both Extensive and Intensive themes should be incorporated across programming

to elicit a progressive training response

Undulating Periodization Model

VOLUME

INTENSITY

General (GPP) Special (SPP) Trans.

TECHNIQUE

Ext I Trans.Int I Ext II Int II Ext III Int III

Comp.

Comp.

Pre Comp.

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Undulating: Summated Microcycles

Theme Track

Hypertrophy

HypertrophyU

ME

LO

AD

3x10-12

4x7-9

5x6-8

3x4-6

Hypertrophy

Unload

W1 W2 W3 W4

VO

LU

Extensive Emphasis(Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

Theme Track

Maximal Strength

Maximal Strength

UM

E L

OA

D

4x4-6

5x3-4

6x2-3

3x2-3

Undulating: Summated Microcycles

Maximal Strength

Unload

W1 W2 W3 W4

VO

LU

Intensive Emphasis(Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

Theme Track

Maximal Power

Maximal Power

Maximal Power

UM

E L

OA

D

OPTION 1

6x3-4

2x2-3

4x3-4

3x2-3

Undulating: Summated Microcycles

Unload

W1 W2 W3 W4

VO

LU

Intensive-Peaking Emphasis(Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

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Theme Track

Maximal Power

Maximal Power

Maximal PowerU

ME

LO

AD

OPTION 26x3-4

3x3-4

4x2-3

2x2-3

Undulating: Summated Microcycles

Unload

W1 W2 W3 W4

VO

LU

Intensive-Peaking Emphasis(Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

Undulating: Daily Heavy/Light

EN

SIT

Y

ng

th (

LB

)

ng

th (

UB

)

REST REST

>85-90% >85-90%

<65-70%<65-70%

INT

E

Max

imal

Str

en

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Max

imal

Str

en

Mx

Po

wer

(U

B)

Mx

Po

wer

(L

B)REST REST

REST

Undulating: Daily Heavy/Light

EN

SIT

Y

ng

th (

Mix

)

(Mix

)

REST REST

>85-90%

>75-85%

<65-70%

REST

INT

E

Max

imal

Str

e

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Hyp

ertr

op

hy

Mx

Po

wer

(L

B)REST REST

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ng

th (

LB

-Pu

ll)

>85-90%

Undulating: Daily Heavy/Light

EN

SIT

Y

ng

th (

LB

-Pu

sh)

(LB

-Sp

lit)

ng

th (

UB

-Pu

sh)

sh)

REST

>85-90%

>75-85%

<65-70%

>85-90%

h)

<75-85%

Max

imal

Str

en

INT

E

Max

imal

Str

en

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Hyp

ertr

op

hy

Max

imal

Str

e

Pw

r-E

nd

(UB

-Pu

s REST

Str

-En

d (

UB

-Pu

s

Research Support:

Weeks 1‐4 (Ext) 5‐8 (Int) 9‐12 (Ext) 13‐16 (Int) 17‐20 (Ext)

Reps 8‐10 3‐4 6‐8 2‐3 4‐6

Sets 3 5 4 5 4

%1RM 75‐80% 85‐90% 80‐85% 90‐95% 85‐90%

# Lifts 24‐30 15‐20 24‐32 10‐15 16‐24

First paper to identify Undulating Periodization as a preferred method of planning for highly trained individuals

Research Support:

• Subjects: 14 FF in Trained State (FF Academy)

• Study Design: 12 weeks Linear and Dailey Undulating d ( k)Periodization (3x per week)

• Results: Both groups improved with greater improvement 

in all strength, power and FF specific measures within daily undulating group

• Conclusion: Daily undulating periodization produces superior results in trained FF compared to a linear approach

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Advanced: “Conjugate Sequence Model”• Originally: “Coupled Successive System”

– Yuri Verkhoshansky

• Block Periodization– Accumulation Blocks: Development of specific strength qualities with limited volume load associated with the concurrent development ofassociated with the concurrent development of supporting motor abilities

– Restitution Blocks: Development of specific technical motor abilities with limited volume load associated with the concurrent development of supporting strength qualities

(Issurin, 2010, Verkhoshansky and Siff, 2009, Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

• Unidirectional Concentrated Loading

– Saturate the system with one specific quality with limited concurrent development of other motor abilities that may have a negative affect on performance

– Isolated development of one strength quality can have a potentiation affect on the motor abilities developed in the ne t seq ence of blocks thro gh the concept of dela ed

Advanced: “Conjugate Sequence Model”

next sequence of blocks through the concept of delayed transformation

– Increased concentration of loading allows for heightened stress of specific systems, which is needed to create further adaptation in advanced individuals

(Issurin, 2010, Verkhoshansky and Siff, 2009, Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

Conjugate Sequence: Power Sport

DT

Explosive Strength

DT

Maximal Power

Accumulation I Restitution I Accumulation II Restitution II

Explosive Strength

Maximal Power

Speed Emphasis

Speed Emphasis

(Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

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DT

Maximal Power

DT

MxPower Endurance

Conjugate Sequence: Endurance Sport

Accumulation I Restitution I Accumulation II Restitution II

Maximal Power

Maximal Power

Endurance

VO2peak Aerobic Power

VT Anaerobic

Power

(Stone et al., 2007, Plisk and Stone, 2003)

• Subjects: 15m/6f ≥3yrs Training Elite Junior Skiers

• Study Design: HIT Group 15 (4x4min) sessions over 11days and CT 

mixed endurance/strengthmixed endurance/strength

• Results: HIT group significantly improved relative VO2max (6%), PPO at 

VT, and repeated jump test compared to CT

– Note: HIT PPO on CMJ/SJ ↓ with no change in Jump Height

• Conclusion: Isolated periods of HIT within a block periodization model 

may be more advantageous in improving VO2max values compared to a mixed approach in elite trained alpine skiers

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Considerations for LTAD

Athletes’ Performance Training System

LTAD:Active Start (0Active Start (0‐‐6)6)

FUNdamentals (6FUNdamentals (6‐‐8)8)

Learning to Train (8Learning to Train (8‐‐11)11)

Training to Train (12Training to Train (12‐‐16)16)

NonNon‐‐Periodized                  Periodized                  (Diverse Skill and Play (Diverse Skill and Play 

Focused)Focused)

Training to Compete (16Training to Compete (16‐‐23+)23+)

Training to  Win (19+)Training to  Win (19+)

Active for LifeActive for Life

Periodized Periodized 

11‐‐NoviceNovice

22‐‐IntermediateIntermediate

33‐‐AdvancedAdvanced

+Sport+Sport

(Adapted from Istvan Balyi, 2009)

Periodization Example

Athletes’ Performance Training System

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• CONCLUSION:

– Optimize athletic performance through the use of specific periodization models based on the profile that your athlete falls under. 

• QUESTIONS?

nwinkelman@athletesperformance.com

@NickWinkelman

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Periodization- Theory and Application REFERENCE (1-33)

1. Baker, D., G. Wilson, and R. Carlyon. Periodization: The Effect on Strength of Manipulating Volume and Intensity. J Strength Cond Res. 8:235-242, 1994.

2. Bompa, T.O., and M.C. Carrera. Periodization Training For Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2005.

3. Bompa, T.O., and G. Haff. Periodization : theory and methodology of training. Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics, 2009.

4. Breil, F.A., S.N. Weber, S. Koller, H. Hoppeler, and M. Vogt. Block training periodization in alpine skiing: effects of 11-day HIT on VO2max and performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 109:1077-1086, 2010.

5. Buford, T.W., S.J. Rossi, D.B. Smith, and A.J. Warren. A comparison of periodization models during nine weeks with equated volume and intensity for strength. J Strength Cond Res. 21:1245-1250, 2007.

6. Garcia-Pallares, J., M. Garcia-Fernandez, L. Sanchez-Medina, and M. Izquierdo. Performance changes in world-class kayakers following two different training periodization models. Eur J Appl Physiol. 110:99-107, 2010.

7. Haff, G. Roundtable Discussion: Periodization of Training- Part 1. J Strength Cond. 26:50-69, 2004.

8. Hartmann, H., A. Bob, K. Wirth, and D. Schmidtbleicher. Effects of different periodization models on rate of force development and power ability of the upper extremity. J Strength Cond Res. 23:1921-1932, 2009.

9. Hoffman, J.R., N.A. Ratamess, M. Klatt, A.D. Faigenbaum, R.E. Ross, N.M. Tranchina, R.C. McCurley, J. Kang, and W.J. Kraemer. Comparison between different off-season resistance training programs in Division III American college football players. J Strength Cond Res. 23:11-19, 2009.

10. Issurin, V. Block Periodization Breackthrough in Sports Training. Michigan, USA: Ultimate Athlete Concepts, 2008.

11. Issurin, V.B. New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization. Sports Med. 40:189-206, 2010.

12. Issurin, V.B., and G. Lustig. Klassifikation, Dauer und praktische Komponenten der Resteffekte von Training. / Classification, duration and practical components of the residual effects of training. / Classification, duree et composantes pratiques des effets residuels en matiere d'entrainement. Leistungssport. 34:55-59;63, 2004.

13. Kraemer, W., and K. Hakkinen. Strength Training for Sport. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2000.

14. Kraemer, W.J., and S.J. Fleck. Optimizing strength training : designing nonlinear periodization workouts. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2007.

15. Kraemer, W.J., and K. Häkkinen. Strength training for sport. Oxford ; Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 2002.

16. Matveyev, L.P. Problem of Periodization Sport Training [in Russian]. Moscow: FiS Publisher, 1964.

Periodization- Theory and Application 17. Matveyev, L.P. Modern Procedures for the Construction of Macrocycles. Modern

Athlete and Coach. 30:32-34, 1991. 18. Matveyev, L.P. About the Construction of Training. Modern Athlete and Coach.

32:12-16, 1994. 19. Matveyev, L.P., and V.B. Giljatsova. The Dynamics of the Training Load.

Modern Athlete and Coach. 29:16-19, 1991. 20. Peterson, M.D., D.J. Dodd, B.A. Alvar, M.R. Rhea, and M. Favre. Undulation

training for development of hierarchical fitness and improved firefighter job performance. J Strength Cond Res. 22:1683-1695, 2008.

21. Plisk, S., and M. Stone. Periodization Strategies. J Strength Cond. 25:19-37, 2003.

22. Poliquin, C. Football: Five Steps to Increasing the Effectiveness of your Strength Training Program. J Strength Cond. 10:34-39, 1988.

23. Poliquin, C. Classification of Strength Qualities. J Strength Cond. 11:48-50, 1989. 24. Poliquin, C. The Poliquin International Certification Program: Theory Manual 1.

East Greenwhich, RI: Poliquin Performance Center, 2004. 25. Rhea, M.R., S.D. Ball, W.T. Phillips, and L.N. Burkett. A comparison of linear

and daily undulating periodized programs with equated volume and intensity for strength. J Strength Cond Res. 16:250-255, 2002.

26. Siff, M.C., and Y. Verkhoshansky. Supertraining. Rome: Verkhoshansky, 2009. 27. Stone, M.H., H.S. O'Bryant, G. Wilson, and D. Baker. Letter to the Editor. J

Strength Cond Res. 9:125-127, 1995. 28. Stone, M.H., K.C. Pierce, G. Haff, and M. Stone. Periodization: Effects of

Manipulating Volume and Intensity. Part 1. J Strength Cond. 21:56-62, 1999. 29. Stone, M.H., K.C. Pierce, G. Haff, and M. Stone. Periodization: Effects of

Manipulating Volume and Intensity. Part 2. J Strength Cond. 21:54-60, 1999. 30. Stone, M.H., M. Stone, and W.A. Sands. Principles and Practice of Resistance

training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2007. 31. Verkhoshansky, Y. Programming and Organization of Training. Livonia,

Michigan: Sportivny Press, 1988. 32. Zatsiorsky, V.M. Intensity of Strength Training Facts and theory: Russian and

Eastern European Approach. J Strength Cond. 14:46-57, 1992. 33. Zatsiorsky, V.M., and W.J. Kraemer. Science and Practice of Strength Training.

Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2006.

 

 

Program Design Worksheet 

 

  M  T  W T  F  S  S  Events  Focus  Strength  ESD  Mvt/Plyo/MB              Playoffs/Active Rest Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Interval  None              Playoffs/Active Rest Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Interval  None              Playoffs/Active Rest Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Interval  NoneJa

n 

              Playoffs/Active Rest Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Interval  None                Building: Ext I Gen Prep Interval  NCM (Stab)                Building: Ext I Gen Prep Interval  NCM (Stab)                Building: Ext I Gen Prep Interval  NCM (Stab)Fe

b 

                Downloading Gen Prep Interval  NCM (Stab)                Building: Int I Mx Str Linear  CM/DC                Building: Int I Mx Str Linear  CM/DC                Building: Int I Mx Str Linear  CM/DCM

arch 

                Downloading Mx Str Linear  CM/DC                Building: Ext II HYP Interval  DC/CONT                Building: Ext II HYP Interval  DC/CONT                Building: Ext II HYP Interval  DC/CONTA

pr 

                Downloading HYP Interval  DC/CONT                Building: Int II Mx Str Linear  Depth Jump                Building: Int II Mx Str Linear  Depth Jump                Building: Int II Mx Str Linear  Depth JumpM

ay 

                Downloading Mx Str Linear  Depth Jump                Building: Ext III HYP‐MxStr Multi  NCM (Stab)                Building: Ext III HYP‐MxStr Multi  NCM (Stab)                Building: Ext III HYP‐MxStr Multi  NCM (Stab)Ju

ne 

                Downloading HYP‐MxStr Multi  NCM (Stab)                Building: Int III Exp Str Sport Spec.  Depth Jump                Building: Int III Exp Str Sport Spec.  Depth Jump                Building: Int III Exp Str Sport Spec.  Depth JumpJu

ly 

                Downloading Exp Str Sport Spec.  Depth Jump              Pre‐Season  Peaking Mx Pwr SS/Comp.  Peaking              Pre‐Season  Peaking Mx Pwr SS/Comp.  Peaking              Pre‐Season  Peaking Mx Pwr SS/Comp.  PeakingA

ug 

              Pre‐Season  Peaking Mx Pwr SS/Comp.  Peaking              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  NoneSe

pt 

              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  NoneO

ct 

              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  NoneN

ov 

              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  NoneD

ec 

              NFL Season  Maintenance Mx Str/Pwr  SS/Comp.  None