Winging It

A Musculoskeletal System Lab

• How are the muscles and bones held together?• How do the muscles and bones work together to

provide motion?•What are joints and how do they function?

Safety

• Raw chicken can carry salmonella. During the lab do not touch your face.

• Wear gloves and discard gloves in the trash at the end of the period.

• Clean scissors and trays with soapy water. Dry them and show them to Mrs. Berry when your group is done!

How is your arm like a chicken wing?

Look at your wing, hold it up to your body if you need to, do you think it is the right wing or the left wing?

Directions: 1. Carefully cut a slit down the wing from the shoulder to the lower wing. Try to cut from the inside of the skin to the outside so you do not cut up the muscles.

2. Pull on the skin by the shoulder and pull it back to the lower wing. You might have to cut some of the connective tissue to help the skin separate.

3. Use closed scissors to “tease” the skin from the muscle.

4. Stick the scissor tip between the muscle and skin, pointing toward the skin and away from the muscle. Open the scissors to tear the skin from the muscle.

5. You will see clear connective tissue. Pull the skin back gently. Use the scissors and forceps, to cut the skin and peel it away from the muscle below.

6. Identify the under layer of fat, the capillaries, and connective tissue. Include all of this in your drawing. Continue to skin the wing without cutting the muscles!.

7. Observe the muscles in the wing. They look like bundles of pale pink tissue.

8. Grab the wing by the wing tip and shoulder and pull and push it.

9. Watch the muscles, and identify when muscles are stretched and squished.

10. Identify the biceps and triceps. Draw and label them on your diagram.

2.2.

What happened to each muscle as you raised and lowered it?

Which bones in the arm moved?

Which bones in the arm didn’t move?

The biceps and the triceps are the muscles that work to lift and lower your arm.

Your biceps are on the upper front portion of the arm, and your triceps are on the upper back portion, as shown below.

11. Carefully work your fingertip or a probe between the muscles until they separate into the muscle groups.

12. Pull on each group to see how the muscle makes the wing move. Notice how and where the muscle attaches to the bone.

13. Use several muscle groups and see if you can get the wing to punch or wave.

14. Identify the tendons and bones and add them to your diagram.

The tendon is the white, tough, fibrous material that connects the muscle to the bone. The tendons connecting muscle and bone can be seen in several muscle groups. Where these tendons run over joints, like the elbow, they are often in well developed sheathes. Such a sheath can be seen above. Do such sheathes exist in the Human elbow?

14. Cut all the tendons around the elbow and pull away the muscles.

15. Pull slowly on the bones to make a small gap in the elbow. You should be able to see the ligaments inside the joint.

16. Cut the ligaments to separate the joint. Observe and see how and where the ligaments and tendons attach.

17. Feel the cartilage in the joint where the bones touch. Scrape the cartilage and bone to see how different they are.

18. Identify all the labeled all the parts of the wing on your diagram.

Look at the elbow joint. Identify at least one ligament. Ligaments connect bones together.

Ligaments are around between the bones.

At the surface of each bone forming the joint is a white, shiny, slippery substance called cartilage.

What is the purpose of cartilage in joints?

Based on your observations, explain the roles of muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and joints in the back-and-forth movement of the lower chicken wing. #3 on your worksheet

Look at a the bones of the human arm. Identify the humerus, ulna and radius. Compare the similar features between the chicken wing and the human arm. #4 on your worksheet.