windows programming final

8/9/2019 Windows Programming Final

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Windows Programming


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Presentation Outline

Windows environment

A History of windows

Aspects of windows

Dynamic linking

Windows Programming Models

API

First windows ProgramThe Messagebox function


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The Windows Environment

A History of Windows

Windows was announced by Microsoft Corporation inNovember 1983 and was released two years later inNovember 1985 (market release)

Windows 2.0 was released in November 1987Overlapping windows with many interfaces- keyboard ,

display.

Windows /386- Virtual 86 mode direct access- hardware

Windows 3.0 was introduced on May 22, 1990

16-bit protected-mode operation

shell programs

gain a foothold in the home and the office.


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A History of Windows continued

Microsoft Windows version 3.1 was released inApril 1992

1. outline fonts to Windows

2.multimedia (sound and music),3.Object Linking and Embedding (OLE),

and

standardized common dialog

32 bit architecture Windows NT, introduced in July 1993

Windows 95 was introduced in August 1995

Windows 98 was released in June 1998

hardware support, and a closer integration


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Aspects of Windows

Windows possesses GUI- "visual interface" - "graphicalwindowing environment.

The program occupies a windowusually a rectangular area onthe screen.

Each window identified - caption bar.Most program functions -initiated through the program's

menus.User - view the display of information- scroll bars.Dialog boxes-the user enters additional information.

Graphical user interface- Video display- for user input usekeyboard, objects(icons- controls-edit, scrollbar etc) source ofinput.

User directly interacts with the objects on the display. A graphical interface not only is more attractive in appearance

but also can impart a high level of information to the user


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Aspects of Windows

All applications have the same fundamentallook and feel.. for ex.

One dialog box - that used to open a file, -almost every Windows program- almostlooks the same - always invoked from thesame menu option.

consistent user interface -menus have the samekeyboard and mouse interface because Windowshandles this job.


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Aspects of Windows

Windows 98 and Windows NT - 32-bitpreemptive multitasking and multithreadinggraphical operating systems.

Each program occupies a window on the screen. The usercan move the windows around on the screen, change theirsizes, switch between different programs, and transferdata from one program to another.

Under Windows NT and Windows 98, multitasking is

preemptive and programs themselves can split intomultiple threads of execution that seem to runconcurrently.


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Aspects of Windows (4)

Dynamic Link Library:

Programs running in Windows can shareroutines that are located in other files called"dynamic-link libraries."

Collection of Routines in any language packed & used for another program


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Aspects of Windows

GDI- Graphical User Interface Program -Windows not directly access

hardware Windows virtualizes display hardware.

The program does not need to determine

what type of device is attached to the system.


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Windows Programming OptionsAPI: Application Programming Interface:

An API encompasses all the function calls that

an application program can make of an

operating system, as well as definitions of

associated data types and structures.

To a programmer, an operating system is

defined by its API.


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API

API

16 bit API

32 bit API

Windows NT and Windows 98 are bothconsidered to support the Win32API.

1.0 through 3.1 of Windows Win 16API

Win 32- supports the Win16API to ensurecompatibility with old applications and the Win32

API to run new applications


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API

API

Kernel- Process Loading, context

switch,File I/O, Memory management

User-Window, menu, dialog box etc

GDI graphical output, images


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API

In Windows NT, Win16 function calls gothrough a translation layer and areconverted to Win32 function calls that are

then processed by the operating system. In Windows 95 and Windows 98, the

process is opposite that: Win32 functioncalls go through a translation layer and

are converted to Win16 function calls tobe processed by the operating system.


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Hungarian Notation

Prefix Data Typeb BOOL

c orch char

clr COLORREF

cx, cy Horizontal or vertical distance

dw DWORDh Handle

l LONG

n int

p Pointer

sz Zero-terminated stringw WORD

wnd CWnd

str CString

m_ class member variable

Note:Prefixes can be

combined:

pszName

m_nAge


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Your First Windows Program

/*-------------------------------------------------------------

HelloMsg.c -- Displays "Hello, Windows 98!" in a messagebox

--------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE

hPrevInstance,PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)

{

MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("Hello, Windows 98!"), TEXT

("HelloMsg"), 0) ;return 0 ;

}


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The Header Files

HELLOMSG.C begins with a preprocessor directive that you'll find atthe top of virtually every Windows program written in C:

#include

WINDOWS.H - master include file - includes other Windows headerfiles,

some of which also include other header files.

The most important and most basic of these header files are:

WINDEF.H Basic type definitions.

WINBASE.H Kernel functions.

WINUSER.H User interface functions.

WINGDI.H Graphics device interface functions.

These header files define all the Windows data types, functioncalls, data

structures, and constant identifiers.


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Program Entry Point

The entry point to a Windows program isWinMain, which always appears like this:

int WINAPI WinMain

( HINSTANCE hInstance,

HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

PSTR szCmdLine,

int iCmdShow)


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Program Entry Point

The WinMain function is declared asreturning an int. The WINAPI identifier isdefined in WINDEF.H with the statement:

#define WINAPI __stdcall This statement specifies a calling

convention that involves how machinecode is generated to place function call

arguments on the stack. Most Windowsfunction calls are declared as WINAPI.


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Program Entry Point

The first parameter to WinMain is called an"instance handle." - simply a number that anapplication uses to identify the program.

The second parameter to WinMain is alwaysNULL (defined as 0).

The third parameter to WinMain is the commandline used to run the program.

The fourth parameter to WinMain indicates how

the program should be initially displayedeithernormally or maximized to fill the window, orminimized to be displayed in the task list bar.


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The MessageBoxFunction

The MessageBoxfunction is designed to displayshort messages. The little window thatMessageBoxdisplays is actually considered to bea dialog box, although not one with a lot ofversatility.

The first argument to MessageBoxis normally awindow handle.

The second argument is the text string thatappears in the body of the message box, and

the third argument is the text string that

appears in the caption bar of the message box. In HELLMSG.C, each of these text strings is

enclosed in a TEXT macro.


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The MessageBoxFunction

The fourth argument to MessageBoxcan be acombination of constants beginning with theprefix MB_ that are defined in WINUSER.H.

You can pick one constant from the first set toindicate what buttons you wish to appear in thedialog box:#define MB_OK 0x00000000L

#define MB_OKCANCEL 0x00000001L

#define MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE 0x00000002L

#define MB_YESNOCANCEL 0x00000003L

#define MB_YESNO 0x00000004L

#define MB_RETRYCANCEL 0x00000005L


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ProgramFile new-New dialog box, pick the Projects tab

Select Win32 ApplicationType the workspace in your SubDir.

dialog box labeled Win32 Application-appears-choose empty project press FinishProject workspace is created

File new (file tab) select C++ Source File.Type the file Run the program

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