wind power plant modeling dynamic model … - model data...wind turbine generator (wtg) topologies...

Wind Power Plant Modeling Wind Power Plant Modeling Dynamic Model DataDynamic Model DataDynamic Model DataDynamic Model Data

WECC-WGMG

Model Validation

Phoenix, AZ

Model Validation Working Group

November 18-20, 2009

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) TopologiesWind Turbine Generator (WTG) Topologies

Four basic types based on Pl

Type 1 Type 2Four basic types, based on the WTG technology:

• Type 1 – Fixed-speed,

gene rator

Pla ntFee ders

PF controlcapacitor s

acto

gene rator

PlantFeeders

PF controlcapacitor syp p

conventional induction generators

Variable Slip WTG• Type 2 Induction generators with

Slip poweras heat loss

ptodc

p

• Type 2 – Induction generators with variable rotor resistance

Variable Speed WTGs genera tor

PlantFeede rs

acto

dcto

gene rator

PlantFeeders

Type 3 Type 4

• Type 3 – Doubly-fed asynchronous generators with rotor-side converter• Type 4 – Asynchronous generators with full converter interface

full power

todc

toac

partia l power

actodc

dctoac


with full converter interface partia l power

PSSE 31 and PSLF 17.0_03PSSE 31 and PSLF 17.0_03

T 1 Fi d S d WTGT 1 Fi d S d WTGType 1: Fixed Speed WTGType 1: Fixed Speed WTG(Induction Generator)(Induction Generator)


Controller Settings (Type 1) Controller Settings (Type 1)

Control input parameters:p p

• Most of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine.

• This data will be made available from WECC or turbine manufacturers.

• Available in PSSE and PSLF

• Three modules included: WT1T, WT1G, WT1P

• The compensating capacitor is not dynamically modeled but it should be provided and initializedmodeled but it should be provided and initialized from load flow data.

• WIND PLANT SPECIFIC ADJUSTMENT: NONE


Example Data of WTG Type 1

W1G1U-PSSE Data WT1G-PSLF Data

Direct Connected Type 1 Generator

wt1g 5 "WTG TERM" 0.60 "1" : #9 mva=110 /"Ls" 3.93 / "Lp" 0.1773 / "Ra" 0.0 / "Tpo" 0 846 /

0.8460

3.927 Tpo 0.846 / "Se1" 0.030 / "Se2" 0.179 / "Acc" 0.5 / "Lpp" 0.0 / "Ll" 0 10 /

0.17730.0

0.11

"Ll" 0.10 / "Tppo" 0.0 / "ndelt" 10 / "wdelt" 0.80

0.031.20.179


Example Data of WTG Type 1

W12T1U-PSSE Data

Two Mass Turbine Model

5.300.00.925

5.01.0

Ht = Htfrac H

H H H

WT1T-PSLF Data

WT1T 5 "WTG TERM" 0.60 "1" : #9 /T

-ωο

+P

ω t

Hg = H - Ht

K = 2 (2π Freq1 ) H t2

H

Hg

"H" 5.30 /

"D" 0.0 /

"Htfrac" 0.925 /

"Freq1" 5.0 /

# Optional two-mass model:

Tmech 1s

12Ht

K

Σ

ΣDshaft

+

+

+ -

-

+

+ω tΣ

1s

δtg

Pmech Δωt

Δω tg Δω tg

..s0

s1

FromGovernor

Model


"Dshaft" 1.0 / model:

1s

12Hg

Σ

+

Telec

ωο+

+ωgΣ-

Pgen

ωg

Δωg..s2

FromGenerator

Model

Example Data of WTG Type 1P d G M d l

W12A1U-PSSE Data WT1P-PSLF Data

wt1p 5 "WTG TERM" 0 60 "1" : #9 /0 015

Pseudo Governor Model

wt1p 5 WTG TERM 0.60 1 : #9 /"Tpe" 0.10 / "Kdroop" 0.015 / "Kp" 0.10 / "Ki" 66.667 / "Pimax" 1.00 /

0.0150.10.0150.10.1

"Pimin" 0.25 / "T1" 0.10 / "T2" 0.10

0.11.00.25

speed

Σ

Kp

Σ

pimax

1 1 pmechwref

FromTurbineModel


Kdroop

s0

1

Σ

Σ1 + sTpe

Ki 1s

Σ

pimin

1 + sT1 1 + sT2

pgen

pref

s1

s2 s3To

GovernorModel

FromGenerator

Model

Type 1: Fixed Speed WTGType 1: Fixed Speed WTG(Induction Generator)(Induction Generator)(Induction Generator)(Induction Generator)

Terminal Voltage Real Powerg

Reactive Power Turbine Speed


Type 2: Variable Slip WTGType 2: Variable Slip WTGType 2: Variable Slip WTGType 2: Variable Slip WTG(Induction generators with (Induction generators with variable rotor resistance)variable rotor resistance)variable rotor resistance)variable rotor resistance)


Controller Settings (Type 2) Controller Settings (Type 2)

Control input parameters:p p

• Most of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine.


• Available in PSSE and PSLF (being developed)

• Three modules included: WT2T, WT2G, WT2E, WT2A

• The compensating capacitor is not dynamically modeled but it should be provided and initialized frommodeled but it should be provided and initialized from load flow data.

• WIND PLANT SPECIFIC ADJUSTMENT: NONE


Example Data of WTG Type 2Induction Generator with the

W2G1U-PSSE Data WT2G-PSLF Data

controlled external rotor resistor

0.1266.840.180.00440.1099

1.00.01.200.0

0.00.02170.89880.90.9050.00.00540.020.04

In PSLF, this data is supplied through Module WT2E


0.1

Example Data of WTG Type 2Example Data of WTG Type 2

W2E1U-PSSE Data

Rotor resistance control modelRotor resistance control model

0

0.05

1

11

0.99

0.05In PSSE this data is supplied via Module W2G1U

P

Σ

Rmax

-

PgenFromGenerator

Model

Rext

Kp

1 + sTp

Kpp + Kip / s

s1


1 + sTw

+

Δω

P vs. slip curve

SpeedFrom

TurbineModel

ToGenerator

ModelRmin

s0

s2

Kw


W12T1U-PSSE Data

Two mass turbine modelTwo mass turbine model

WT2T-PSLF Data

3.460.000.811.500 300.30

Ht = Htfrac H

Hg = H - HtH

Tmech 11Σ

-ωο

+ω Σ

Pmech

ω t

Δωt

K = 2 (2π Freq1 ) H t

.

2

H

Hg

FromGovernor

s2Ht

K

Σ

1s

12Hg

ΣDshaft

Σ

+

+

+

Telec

-

-

ωgΣ

+ω tΣ

1s

δtg

Pgen Δωg

Δω tg Δω tg

.

..

s0

s1

Model

FromGenerator


sg

+ωο

++

g-

ωg

s2Model


W12A1U-PSSE Data

PseudoPseudo--governor modelgovernor model

0 015

WT2P-PSLF Data

0.01520.01.00.10.10.11.00.25

speed

Kp pimaxFrom

Turbine

Kdroop

s0

1

Σ

Σ1 + sTpe

Ki 1s

Σ

pimax

pimin

11 + sT1

11 + sT2

pgen

pmechwref

s1

s2 s3To

GovernorModel

FromGenerator

TurbineModel

pref

GeneratorModel


Type 2: Variable Slip WTG (Induction Type 2: Variable Slip WTG (Induction generators with variable rotor resistance)generators with variable rotor resistance)generators with variable rotor resistance)generators with variable rotor resistance)

Terminal Voltage Real Power

Reactive Power Turbine Speed


Type 3: Variable Speed WTGType 3: Variable Speed WTGDoubly Fed Induction GeneratorDoubly Fed Induction GeneratorDoubly Fed Induction GeneratorDoubly Fed Induction Generator


Type 3: Doubly Fed Induction GeneratorType 3: Doubly Fed Induction Generator

Control input parameters:• Most of the parameters are given and unique for aMost of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine.


varflg = ? WIND PLANT SPECIFIC ADJUSTMENTS:

• varflg and vltflg are flags that must be set by the user based on the setting defined for each wind

vltflg = ?

gpower plant to be included in the case study.

• Fn = fraction of WTG on the wind plant that are on-line. Used only for VAR control gain adjustment

• PFAref = initialized from load flow data

• Vc is the controlled bus specified within the module wt3e. It can be terminal voltage or remote Four modules included in PSLF


bus voltage or fictitious remote bus voltage.

• Vw > 1.0 p.u. will be used to initialize pitch angle.

wt3g, wt3e, wt3t, wt3p

Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 wt3e module)wt3e module) Remote voltage definitionRemote voltage definition

XC = compensating reactance for voltage control (in p.u.) VC = voltage at a remote pointVC = Vf – jXC Ift Vf = voltage at busfrom Ift = current flowing from busfrom to busto

–– wt3e module) wt3e module) -- Remote voltage definitionRemote voltage definition

VC Vf jXC Ift Vf voltage at busfrom Ift current flowing from busfrom to busto

Vrfq = VC computed from the load flow solution at initial condition.

3 4 51 2

WWind TurbineGeneratorEquivalent

Line 1 (“1”)

Line 2 (“2”)

I21 2

VCVC’

I43

V ” 21_2VC”

wt3e 5 "BUS5" 0.575 "1 " 4 "BUS4" 34.5 "1 " 1 : #9 mwcap=33.3 / Thus bus 4 (VC) will be controlled

wt3e 5 "BUS5" 0.575 "1 " 1 : #9 mwcap=33.3 / monitored bus is not defined; Thus terminal voltage (bus 5) is controlled.

wt3e 5 "BUS5" 0.575 "1 " 4 "BUS4" 34.5 3 "BUS3" 34.5 “1 " 1 : #9 mwcap=33.3 / Thus remote node (VC

’) on branch 4-3 is controlled. VC’ = V4 – jXC I43 XC < X43

wt3e 5 "BUS5" 0.575 "1 " 2 "BUS2" 138 1 "BUS1" 138 “2 " 1 : #9 mwcap=33.3 / Thus remote node (V ”) on branch 2-1 is controlled V ” = V – jX I X < X


Thus remote node (VC ) on branch 2-1 is controlled. VC = V2 – jXC I21 XC < X21

Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3) Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3) Voltage Control is disabledVoltage Control is disabled

Reactive power control:Q Q Q

Voltage Control is disabledVoltage Control is disabled

Eq-cmd

• Qcmd = Qref = Qgen_load_flow• varflg = 0; vltflg = 0• voltage is not controlled

Eq-cmd

Power factor control:• varflg = -1; vltflg = 0• voltage is not controlled


voltage is not controlled• PFAref is defined at initial load flow solution based on Pgen, Qgen

Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 wt3e module) Voltage Control is enabledwt3e module) Voltage Control is enabled–– wt3e module) Voltage Control is enabledwt3e module) Voltage Control is enabled

EEq-cmd

Voltage control emulation for plant level reactive compensation:• varflg = 1; vltflg = 0• voltage Vc (remote bus) is controlled = Vrfq defined initially from load flow solution• terminal voltage Vterm is not regulatedg term g


Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 wt3e module) Voltage Control is enabledwt3e module) Voltage Control is enabled–– wt3e module) Voltage Control is enabledwt3e module) Voltage Control is enabled

Voltage control emulation for Plant Level Reactive compensation:compensation:• varflg = 1; vltflg = 1• voltage is controlled at the Vrfq defined separately• the terminal voltage V

Eq-cmd

• the terminal voltage Vtermis controlled with the faster control loop (good response during fault event)event).


Example of Pitch Controller Example of Pitch Controller Settings (wt3tSettings (wt3t module)module)Settings (wt3t Settings (wt3t –– module) module)

Initialize the blade pitch whenThe wind speed V > 1 0 p uThe wind speed Vw > 1.0 p.u.

Pitch Angle - Theta - Initialization

25

30

0

5

10

15

20

Thet

a (d

egre

e)

-5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Vw - Wind Speed (p.u.)

Unless we specify that theΔP

Unless we specify that the wind speed Vw > 1.0 p.u.The initial (pre-fault) pitch angle = 0.


Real Power SettingsReal Power Settings• The wind plant operation may have different output levels • In the dynamic:

1 If P = 60MW in load flow solution and MWCAP = 100MW in the dynamic it means that the1. If Pgen = 60MW in load flow solution and MWCAP = 100MW in the dynamic, it means that the wind speed is less than rated wind speed, the turbine speed set point will be initialized accordingly ( ~ 1.12 p.u.) and Vw should be set to Vw < 1.0p.u. , and the blade pitch is adjusted to its optimum (θ = 0 degree)

2. If Pgen = 100MW in load flow solution and MWCAP = 100MW in the dynamic, it means that the wind speed is at or higher than rated wind speed the turbine speed set point will be initialized accordingly (1.2 p.u). The pitch angle setting will be as follows (wt3t - module):

• If Vw = 1.5 p.u. the wind speed is higher than rated wind speed and the blade pitch must be adjusted at the initial conditionmust be adjusted at the initial condition.

• If Vw = 0.7 p.u. this information is ignored and the blade pitch is adjusted to its optimum (θ = 0 degree)



WT3G1-PSSE Data

DoublyDoubly--Fed Induction Generator (Type 3)Fed Induction Generator (Type 3)

0.830.00.00.11 5

67

IBUS, ’WT3G1’, ID, ICON(M), CON(J) to CON(J+4) /

1.5


Example Data of WTG Type 3Example Data of WTG Type 3DoublyDoubly--Fed Induction Generator (Type 3)Fed Induction Generator (Type 3)

WT3G-PSLF Data ( refer to W3G2U for PSSE Equivalent)( refer to W3G2U for PSSE Equivalent)

Fromexwtge

High VoltageReactive Current

Management

Isorc-1X"(efd)

11+ 0.02s

s0

Eq"cmd

exwtge

Fromexwtge

Low VoltageActive CurrentManagement

IPcmd

(ladifd)1

1+ 0.02s

s1

LVPL & rrpwr

IPlv

exwtge

Vterm

jX"11+ 0 02s

LVPL

LVPL

1.11

VLvplsw = 0


1+ 0.02s

Low Voltage Power Logic

Vbrkpt(0.90)

zerox(0.50)

s2Lvplsw = 1


WT3E1-PSSE Data

Electrical Control for TypeElectrical Control for Type--3 Wind Generator3 Wind Generator

0.150.15 18.0 5.0 0.0 0.05 3.0

0.69 0.78 0.98 1.12 0.74 3.0

0.6 1.12 0.1 0.296-0 436

1.2

0.436 1.1 0.05 0.45 -0.455 05.0

0.050.9 1.2 40.0

0 5


-0.5 0.4 0.05 0.05 1.0

Example Data of WTG Type 3Example Data of WTG Type 3Electrical Control for TypeElectrical Control for Type--3 Wind Generator3 Wind Generator

WT3E-PSLF Data



WT3T1-PSSE Data

Mechanical System Model for TypeMechanical System Model for Type--3 Wind Generator3 Wind Generator

0.444.95

00.00721.98

0.87471.81.5

WT3T-PSLF Data



WT3P1-PSSE Data

Pitch Control Model for TypePitch Control Model for Type--3 Wind Generator3 Wind Generator

0.3150

253

303027

010

1

WT3P-PSLF Data


Type 4: Variable Speed WTGType 4: Variable Speed WTGAsynchronous generators with full Asynchronous generators with full

converter interfaceconverter interface


Type 4: Variable Speed WTG Asynchronous Type 4: Variable Speed WTG Asynchronous generators with full converter interfacegenerators with full converter interfacegenerators with full converter interfacegenerators with full converter interface

Control input parameters:• Most of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine• Most of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine.• This data will be made available from WECC or turbine manufacturers.

WIND PLANT SPECIFIC ADJUSTMENTS:• varflg and vltflg are flags that must be set by the user based on the setting defined for each wind power plant to be included in the case study.• Fn = fraction of WTG on the wind plant that are on-line. Used only for VAR control gain adjustment• PFAref = initialized from load flow data• Refer to type 3 description of Remote Control Voltage Vc and VrfqRefer to type 3 description of Remote Control Voltage Vc and Vrfq• Turbine model is ignored.


Example Data of WTG Type 4Example Data of WTG Type 4G t / t d lG t / t d l

W4G1U-PSSE Data

Generator/converter modelGenerator/converter model

0.02 0.02 0.4 0.9 1.11 1.2 2.0 2.0 0.02


Example Data of WTG Type 4Example Data of WTG Type 4G t / t d lG t / t d l

WT4G-PSLF Data

Generator/converter modelGenerator/converter model

From

High VoltageReactive Current

Isorc

(efd)-1

1+ 0.02s

s0

I Qcmd

Fromwt4e

Fromwt4t

Management

Low VoltageActive CurrentManagement

IPcmd

(ladifd)1

1+ 0.02s

s0

s1

LVPL & rrpwr

IPlv

wt4t

Vterm

jX"11+ 0.02s

LVPL

LVPL

V

Lvplsw = 1

Lvplsw = 0 Lvpl1


Low Voltage Power Logic

Vbrkpt(0.90)

zerox(0.50)

s2Lvplsw 1

Example Data of WTG Type 4Example Data of WTG Type 4El t i l C t l M d lEl t i l C t l M d lElectrical Control ModelElectrical Control Model

0.15 W4E1U-PSSE Data

18.0 5.0

0.05 0.10

0 00.0 0.08 0.47

-0.47 1.1 0.0 0.5

-0.5 0.05

0 10.10.9 1.1

120.0 0.05 0 05


0.051.7

1.11 1.11

Example Data of WTG Type 4Example Data of WTG Type 4El t i l C t l M d lEl t i l C t l M d l

W4E1U-PSSE Data

Electrical Control ModelElectrical Control Model



WT4E-PSLF Data

Excitation Control ModelExcitation Control Model


Electrical Control ModelElectrical Control ModelExample Data of WTG Type 4Example Data of WTG Type 4

Electrical Control ModelElectrical Control ModelExcitation Control ModelExcitation Control Model

VregKiv/s+

Vrfq(vref)

11

Qmax

1/fQords4

+ΣΣ

WT4E-PSLF Data

WindCONTROLEmulator

1+ sTc1+ sTr

Qmin

1/fN

s5

s4

s3-

Kpv1+ sTv

s2

Qwv

Qcmd

Q

Qmax

Qref(vref) 0

varflg

1

PFAref

+ΣΣ

1

P,Q Priority Flag(pqflag)

Pelec

Qmin

0

pfaflg

1

(vref) 0ref tan

x

s6

(vref)

11+ sTp

-1

Qord(vref)

IqmnIqmx

P Priority

10

Q Priority

Iqmn Iqmx

Vt

Iqmxv

1.6qmax

Vt

++

Qcmd

Qgen

Vref

Vmax

Kvi / sIQcmd

s0 s1

Kqi / s

-

-Iqmx

(efd)ΣΣ

I 2 I 2

Minimum

-1

IPcmd

Minimum

-1

Iqhl Minimum

Vt

Iqmxv

1.0

P d

VtermVmin

Ipmx IPcmd

Iqmn to WindGenerator

Modelwt4gConverter Current LimitP,Q Priority Flag

Porx

ImaxTDImaxTD

2 - IPcmd2

ImaxTD2 - IQcmd

2IQcmd

Minimum

Iphl

Minimum


Pord

Vterm

.

.(ladifd)

to WindGenerator Model

wt4g

orx

(vsig)from Wind

Turbine Modelwt4t IpmxIpmx

Example Data of WTG Type 4Example Data of WTG Type 4Electrical Control ModelElectrical Control Model

Power Converter DynamicPower Converter Dynamic

PSLF DataPSLF Data

Σ1 + sTpw

1Kpp +

s

Kip

dPmx

+

-Σ

+

-Pord

PrefPref

Pelec

From Wind

piin piou

s0pw

s1

dPmn

sKf

-From WindGenerator Model

wt4g(pelec)

To wt4e(vsig)


s2

1 + sTf

Type 4: Variable Speed WTG Asynchronous Type 4: Variable Speed WTG Asynchronous generators with full converter interfacegenerators with full converter interfacegenerators with full converter interfacegenerators with full converter interface

Terminal Voltage Real Power

Reactive Power Frequency


wind power plant modeling dynamic model … - model data...wind turbine generator (wtg) topologies...

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