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WIND POWER
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
Global Technology Trends in Wind Power: R&D & Commercial
Rajsekhar BudhavarapuChief Technology Officer ( Renewable Investments)IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited
IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
1. Challenge
2. Wind Energy Estimation
3. Wind farm Design Optimization
4. Up Scaling
5. Grid Compatibility
6. Technology view into future
7. Quality Assurance
8. Wind farm Power Control
9. Improving Performance : O&M
10. Policy Framework Design
11. Virtual Power Plants and Micro-grids
Presentation Structure
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Source: H. Beurskens, L. Hamilton
1997 1991
2000
2009
Trend of EWEA forecasts
The Challenge-Credibility
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Comparison of Global and India Wind Energy Scenario
Even with an advanced or optimistic realization in 2020, GWEC is projecting only an 18% share of electricity for wind energy in India, requiring 134 GW of wind power capacity.
Source : GWEC report on India Wind Energy Outlook 2009
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Capacity or Production PENETRATION
1. Mere installed capacity does not provide wind power production share.
2. The goal should be the ability to supply X% of the electricity consumption.
3. Produced energy depends on the wind resource/siting, appropriate technology, grid capacity and a flexible & stable power system.
4. Wind energy investments depends on stable policies, attractive tariffs and “business case certainty”.
5. Hence, accurate wind resource estimates, reliable and efficient technology, sufficient grid capacity and power system integration are the keys.
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Wind Energy Estimation: Indian Example
Inputs
Surface roughness
Surface elevation
Large-scale wind forcing
Outputs
Mean wind speed at 80 m a.g.l
Mean power density at 80 m a.g.l.
wind direction and direction distribution (generalize wind
climate)
Mesoscale modelling (KAMM model dx=5km) + On-site measurements
Wind maps: Mean (annual and seasonal) wind speed and power density at 50m and 80m.
Verification: Can compare generalized wind climates derived from observational wind atlas method and numerical wind atlas method.
Application data: Generalized wind climate in WAsP .lib file format for all of India; 50 from observational wind atlas and 200,000+ from numerical wind atlas, allows application at very high resolutions (~10m)
Energy Generation estimation
Outcomes
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3 to 5 D
5 to
8 D
Does this lay out provide maximum output and minimum variability of power output????
No !!!!
Wind farm optimization (1 of 4)
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
u0u0 u0
u0 u
u0 u0 u0
Wind farm optimization (2 of 4)
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Increasing outputby power control
Normal operation, optimal Cp
First row(s) more ‘transparant’ for flow’
Wind farm optimization (3 of 4)
Source: ECN
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
ECN/TNOPhoto: Gustave Corten
Wind farm optimization (4 of 4)
Verification needs cross institutional cooperation with industry and customers
Photo: Jos BeurskensFoto: Jos Beurskens
ECN
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
2012
150 m ø
Jos Beurskens
Jos Beurskens
????
Jos Beurskens
Jos Beurskens
??????
offshore200 m
UpWind
?
Up scaling (1 of 4)
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Weight ~ (D³)Cross sections ~ (D²)Stress (= weight/cross section) ~ D
New materials with higher strength/mass levels
Up scaling (2 of 4)
Challenges
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Full pitch control for very large wind turbines is not adequate anymore because of non uniform angles of attack along blade.
Wind field
Photo: Jos Beurskens
Up scaling (3 of 4)
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20-40% reduction in blade- in-tower fatigue load
”Smart” material variable trailing edge flap
Rasmussen. DTU-Risø
Up scaling ( 4 of 4)
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Grid compatibility (1 of 2)
FhG, Kassel (D)
• Ability to control wind farm as a power plant• Control strategies for grid support• Fault ride through capabilities
Grid codes required
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Constant rotational speed Variable rotational speed(present technology)
Transmission
Wound rotor induction generator
Grid compatibility (2 of 2)
Controllable electrical parameters to support grid
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
• Dedicated wind turbines for various climate zones (standards & certification)
• Further up scaling (20 MW?)
• Distributed aerodynamic rotor control with smart features (incorporating LIDAR)
• Integrated turbine control (output, stability, safety, failure resistant, grid compatibility and grid support)
• Wind farm control (variability of output, maximising output, load control, grid support)
Technology view into the near future
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Quality Assurance
1. For international acceptance wind turbines should be designed and certified to the IEC 61400 or GL standards series.
2. Recognized certifying bodies exist internationally for providing wind turbine certifications
3. Wind farm financing, insurance etc depend on the manufacturers ability to obtain appropriate certification.
4. Project certification may also be necessary to manage risks and secure financing, especially for offshore wind farms.
Design Basis Evaluation
Type Certificate
Design Evaluation
Optional Module
Type Testing
Manufacturing Evaluation
Foundation Design Evaluation
Final Evaluation
Type Characteristics Measurements
Foundation Manufacturing
Evaluation
Type certification acc. to IEC 61400-22 or GL 2010 guidelines
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Wind Farm Power Control
Typical wind farm power control methods
Jauch, C. et. al. “International Comparison of Requirements for Connection of Wind Turbines to Power Systems”, Wind Energy 2005; 8:295–306
Wind farms must be able to provide :• Voltage and reactive control,• Frequency control• Fault ride-through capability in order
to maintain the electric system stability
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Improving Performance: O&M
Source: 3rd WE20 by 2020 conference
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Reqd Policy Framework: Competitive vs Feed-in-Tariff
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
Lastly: Virtual Power Plants & Micro Grids
• In areas that are cut-off from the urban regions, a smaller “Micro Grid” is of advantage to provide regional electricity.
• A Micro grid is a small electricity providing network with load sources, energy sources and storage.
• On a broader scale, a Virtual power plant (VPP) is a distributed system that can supply energy to a much larger grid.
• Each micro-grid or VPP would incorporate real-time information systems to ensure that energy production matches demand at all times.
• Since the grid is designed with respect to known sources of electricity and demand, the grid can be stable and its control more deterministic.
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services
END
For further Information contact
Rajsekhar BudhavarapuCTO- Renewable Investments
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL)
1st Floor, Corporate Office Tower, Ambience Mall Complex, Ambience Island, NH-8Gurgaon 122001, India
Email: [email protected] el: +91 12 4471 6100
IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services