wind energy: is it right for illinois? david g. loomis, ph.d. professor of economics illinois state...
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Wind Energy: Is it Right for Illinois?
David G. Loomis, Ph.D.Professor of EconomicsIllinois State University
DeKalb County Farm BureauOctober 10th, 2007
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Outline About Illinois State University and
Wind Energy Wind Energy Development: Types
of Projects and Types of Ownership Arguments from Opponents of
Wind Energy
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Illinois State University
First B.S. in Renewable Energy in the nation
Leading Illinois’ Wind Working Group www.wind.ilstu.edu Siting Conference, Peoria, December 13 Annual Conference, Bloomington, June
25-26, 2008
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Why Wind Energy Benefits of Wind Projects
Revitalizes Rural Economies Creates Jobs Promotes Cost-Effective Energy Production Supports Agriculture Reduces Air Pollution and Global Warming Clean, Domestic Energy Ensures a Sustainable Energy Future
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Growth in the U.S. Wind Industry
Source: US Department of Energy: Annual Report of U.S. Wind Power Installation, Cost and Performance Trends:2006http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41435.pdf
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Wind Capacity in the US (June
2007)
Source: American Wind Energy Association
12,634 MW installed to date
Enough energy for over 3 million homes
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Types of Wind Projects
Wind is a modular technology: Large Wind Farms-
large number of large-scale turbines Dispersed Wind Projects-
one or a few large-scale turbines Small wind turbines-
residential or farm use
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Large Wind Farm, Southwest Minnesota
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Tw
in
Gro
ves,
McLe
an
C
ounty
, Illin
ois
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Woodstock, Minnesota
Adair, Iowa
Dispersed Wind Development
and Distributed Generation
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Small Wind Turbines
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The Scale of Wind Power
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Personal vs. Utility Scale
Home and Farm-Scale
Offset your own electricity consumption
Costs thousands of dollars
Motivations are not necessarily economic
Commercial-Scale Bulk power sales to
utility company Costs millions of dollars Require 3-5 years of
planning, hard work, patience, and perseverance
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Small Wind Turbine Projects Stand alone/off-grid or net metered For personal use Money is not the motivator in most cases
Lower environmental footprint Energy independence Like to tinker with machines Like to watch things spin
Simpler permitting Easier interconnection Lower installed cost
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Wind Energy Potential20% Plan From the U.S. DOE
20% of the nation’s electrical needs can be provided by wind!
Currently the US supplies just under 1% of it’s electrical energy needs from wind
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Wind Energy:
Arguments from Opponents
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Potential Problems with Wind Power
Radar Property Values/Aesthetics Sound Safety Bird Kills Cost
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Radar and Wind Turbines
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Fact Interference is rare and easily
avoided through technology improvements and proper siting
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Wind Energy andAscetics/Property Values
Concerns brought up at public hearings
Important to understand the underlying issues:
• property values, • perceived public health risks, • visual nuisance, • or money
Land use plays a large factor Agriculture – traditionally low
opposition Forested – wildlife impacts Mountain top – strong visual concerns Recreational – property values and
visual concerns Beauty is in the eye of the beholder!
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Proper Siting Can Balance a Wind Projects Visual Impact
Communities can develop policies to safely and appropriately site projects based on community values and appropriate use of wind systems
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Wind Energy and Sound
Wind systems are typically sited in windy areas where the sound of the wind generally masks noise from the machines.
Chart shows noise from wind turbine at approximately 1,000 feet from the machine.
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Wind Energy and Sound
Today's turbines are much quieter than older technology. Sound proofing of
nacelle More efficient blades Quieter gear boxes Slower moving rotors
Gearbox and generator in a 1.65 MW wind turbine owned by Iowa Lakes Community College in Estherville, Iowa.
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Wind Turbines and Safety
Epileptic Seizures:Modern wind turbine blades generally rotate between 10-22 rpm, which is slow. Epileptic seizures for photosensitive people are triggered by rates of 5 to 30 flashes per second. The blades of today's wind turbines do not spin quickly enough to cause seizures. At maximum rotational speed, there would be a little more than 1 flash per second.
For more information about photosensitivity and epilepsy visit the Epilepsy Foundation’s website:http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/about/types/triggers/photosensitivity.cfm
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Wind Turbines and Safety Ice Throw:
“Ice throw, while it can occur under certain conditions, is of little danger. Setbacks typically used to minimize noise are sufficient to protect against danger to the public. In addition, ice buildup slows a turbine's rotation and will be sensed by a turbine's control system, causing the turbine to shut down.”
Source: American Wind Energy Association – Wind Energy Myths vs. Factshttp://www.awea.org/pubs/factsheets/050629_Myths_vs_Facts_Fact_Sheet.pdf
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Wind Turbines and Safety
Blade Throw:“Blade throws were common in the industry's early years, but are unheard-of today because of better turbine design and engineering…. There are thousands of turbines installed in Europe and…in the U.S. - wind turbine standards ensure a high level of operational reliability and safety in the U.S. and worldwide.”
Spirit Lake, IowaSource: American Wind Energy Association – Wind Energy Myths vs. Factshttp://www.awea.org/pubs/factsheets/050629_Myths_vs_Facts_Fact_Sheet.pdf
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Wind EnergyAvian Impacts
“Significant expansion of renewable energy sources such as wind power is needed to reduce pollution from fossil fuels and address global warming…[t]o protect birds, wildlife, and habitat from global warming[.] Fossil fuel power plants account for more than one third of the carbon dioxide emitted by the United States.”
Mike DaultonDirector of Conservation Policy,National Audubon Society
Erickson, et al, 2002, A Summary and Comparison of Bird Mortality from Anthropogenic Causes with and Emphasis on Collisionshttp://www.awea.org/pubs/factsheets/050629_Myths_vs_Facts_Fact_Sheet.pdf
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Cost of Wind Energy
Wind energy typically offsets higher cost natural gas fired peaking plants.
Large penetrations of wind complement hydro electric dams in the NW very well.
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Cost of Wind Energy
Source: US Department of Energy: Annual Report of U.S. Wind Power Installation, Cost and Performance Trends:2006http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41435.pdf
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Cost of Wind Energy
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Annual Report of U.S. Wind Power Installation, Cost and Performance Trends:2006http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41435.pdf
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Wind Energy and Subsidies
Every energy technology is subsidized. Wind energy is no exception. Wind receives a tax credit that provides an inflation-adjusted 1.5 cents for each kilowatt-hour generated, over the first ten years of the project. This credit reduces the tax liability of a wind farm, but is not a subsidy of public money flowing to the wind farm owner.
Subsidies that other energy sources receive: tax deductions loan guarantees liability insurance leasing of public lands at below market prices.
Additional indirect subsidies include federal money for research and development programs and policy provisions in federal legislation.Source: American Wind Energy Association – Wind Energy Myths vs. Facts
http://www.awea.org/pubs/factsheets/050629_Myths_vs_Facts_Fact_Sheet.pdf
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For More Information, Contact
David G. LoomisIllinois State University
Campus Box 4200Normal, IL 61790