wind energy i. lesson 1. introduction

Wind Energy I

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 1

Wind Energy I

Wind Energy I

slideMichael Hölling, WS 2010/2011

Michael Hölling (Mike)

Email: [email protected]

Room: W2-1-126

Phone: 798-3951

Office hours: Fridays 10:00 - 12:00

2

Basic information

Prof. Joachim Peinke


Room: W2-1-129

Phone: 798-3536

Hendrik Heißelmann (Tutor for Exercises)


Room: W2-1-122

Phone: 798-3643

mailto:[email protected]






Wind Energy I

slideMichael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 3

Basic information

Slides will be available on Stud.IP webpage and the corresponding link to this lecture shortly after each class

https://elearning.uni-oldenburg.de

Literature:

E. Hau: Wind Turbines - 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin 2005 (also available in german, title Windkraftanlagen)

T. Burton et al.: Wind energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001

J. Twele und R. Gasch: Windkraftanlagen, Teubner B. G. GmbH, 2005

J. P. Molly. Windenergie, Verlag C.F. Müller, Karlsruhe, 1990

On the internet:

http://www.windinformation.de/

DEWI: http://www.dewi.de/dewi/index.php

DEWI GmbH = Deutsches Windenergie-Institut (German Wind Energy Institute)

BWE: http://www.wind-energie.de (Bundesverband Windenergie e.V.)



http://www.windinformation.de

http://www.windinformation.de

http://www.dewi.de/dewi/index.php




http://www.wind-energie.de

http://www.wind-energie.de

Wind Energy I


Class content

4 Wind power

5 Wind turbines in general 6 Wind - blades

interaction

7 Π-theorem

8 Wind turbine characterization

9 Control strategies

10 Generator

11 Electrics / grid

3 Wind field characterization

2 Wind measurements

Wind Energy I


Class structure

Thursday 28.10.2010: 1st lesson - motivation for renewable energies

Monday 01.11.2010: Exercise I

Thursday 04.11.2010: 2nd lesson - wind measurements techniques - anemometers

Monday 08.11.2010: Exercise II

Thursday 11.11.2010: 3rd lesson - characterization of wind fields

Monday 15.11.2010: Exercise III

Thursday 18:11.2010: 4th lesson - wind power, Betz limit, power curves of WECs

Monday 22.11.2010: Exercise IV (skip or covered by someone else)

Thursday 25.11.2010: 5th lesson - (covered by Prof. Peinke) history of wind turbines, WEC design

Monday 29.11.2010: Exercise V (skip or covered by someone else)

Thursday 2.12.2010: 6th lesson - interaction of wind field with blade segments

Monday 6.12.2010: Exercise VI

Thursday 9.12.2010: 7th lesson - PI-theorem

Monday 13.12.2010: Exercise VII

Thursday 16.12.2010: 8th lesson - characterization of WECs using dimensionless quantities

Monday 20.12.2010: Exercise VIII Christmas

Wind Energy I


Thursday 06.01.2011: 9th lesson - WEC control - different strategies and operation points

Monday 10.01.2011: Exercise IX

Thursday 13.01.2011: 10th lesson - WEC electrics / generator

Monday 17.01.2011: Exercise X

Thursday 20.01.2011: 11th lesson - WEC electrics / generator

Class structure

Wind Energy I


Energy and Power

What is energy ?

Energy [Joule]:!kg · m2

s2

"= [J ]

Different forms of appearances of energy, for example: mechanical energy (work) potential energy kinetic energy electrical energy ...

Wind Energy I


Energy and Power

Conservation of energy !

Energy can NOT be created or destroyed, it can only be converted in another form of appearance.

Power: P =E

t

!J

s

"= [W ]

therefore

Energy: E = P · t [W · s]

Wind Energy I


Energy and Power

Different units of energy and their conversion factors

from / to Joule Kilowatt hour Electron volt Calories Kilopondmeter

Wind Energy I


Energy and Power

Numbers can become very big and very small

Wind Energy I


Power consumption

Worldwide power demand: , considering 6 billion people on earth leads to a power consumption of per person

15TW = 1.5 · 1013W2.5kW

GDP = Gross DomesticProduct

German:Bruttoinlandsprodukt

Wind Energy I


Energy consumption

A power demand of in one year1.5 · 1013W

1a = 8760h = 3153600s

corresponds to an energy demand of E = 1.5 · 1013W · 31536000s = 4.73 · 1020J = 0.473ZJ

Expressed in tons of coal as a unit for energy1 ton coal = 29.3GJ = 29.3 · 109J

Expressed in tons of coal as a unit for energy

4.73 · 1020/29.3 · 109 = 1.6 · 1010 tons coal

Wind Energy I


Power production

Resources for power production

year

Wind still < 1%(worldwide)

Wind Energy I


Resource oil

From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Cumulative production : 143 GtReserves : 161 Gt Resources : 82 GtEstimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 386 GtRemaining potential : 243 Gt

Wind Energy I


Resource gas


Cumulative production : 81 Tm3

Reserves : 179 Tm3

Resources : 207 Tm3

Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 467 Tm3

Remaining potential : 386 Tm3

Wind Energy I


Resource lignite (brown coal)


Accumulative output : 45 GtReserves : 207 GtResources : 1024 GtEstimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 1276 GtRemaining potential : 1234 Gt

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Resource hard coal


Accumulative output : 204 GtReserves : 746 GtResources : 4079 GtEstimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 5029 GtRemaining potential : 4825 Gt

Wind Energy I


Efficiency

How much energy is stored in ALL fossil resources on earth ?

Oil:

Gas:

Lignite:

Hard coal:

386Gt = 16 · 1021J, with 1toe = 42 · 109J

467Tm3 = 16 · 1021J, with 1000m3 = 34.6 · 109J

1276Gt = 37 · 1021J, with 1ton coal = 29.3 · 109J

5029Gt = 147 · 1021J, with 1ton coal = 29.3 · 109J

This adds up tothat is (roughly) stored in all fossil resources.

216 · 1021J = 216 · 1021W · s

Wind Energy I


Future of resources

year

?

??

Quo vadis ?

Wind Energy I


Energy consumption

10 to 20% is used for electricity

Wind Energy I


Environmental issues

Jan. 2007: 383ppm

27% above the maxvalue of the last400.000 years

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more than 25% above the maxvalue of the last400.000 years

Wind Energy I



wind energy i. lesson 1. introduction

Education

wind energy ienergy

wind energy handbook

lesson wind power

power conservation of

wind fields

generator4 wind power

energy demand ofe

powerdifferent units