widening the limits of cognitive reception with online digital library graph databases on the...
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Widening the limits of cognitive reception with online digital library graph databases on the semantic web
Márton NémethUniversity of Debrecen Doctoral School of InformaticsQulto- Monguz Ltd
Semantic web and public collections• Any kind of data can be linked: comes from the people’s
mind; digital or offline documents • Linked data: an approach and set of technical tools NOT a
properly defined technical standard.• Focus on data not just documents
Implementation of semantic paradigms to public collection
environment• RDF gives the basic shapes of linked data• RDF extends the linking structure of the Web to use URIs • RDF triples- RDF/XML format of datasets• Namespaces: old standards in new environment• RDF: facilitating data merging even if underlying schemas differ• Semantic ontologies –data model• SPARQL: document retrieval language • Machine to Machine communication
Linked data example (Godby 2017)
How can we imagine? A relation example (Godby 2017)
Human (Cognitive) aspects• Get information via semantic web compatible cataloguing tools via machine-to
machine communication • BUT associations links that machines can retrieve from the graph have built up by
people• New information retrieval forms: raise the effectiveness of the research process• Combination and effective representation ways of complex information from
different datasets• Bypass language barriers
The Linked data triangle –we are focusing on the top from cognitive perspective (Godby 2017)
What can be used? (Godby 2017)
Example: Europeana (Manguinhas et al. 2016)
Possible functions as outcomes (Manguinhas et al. 2016)
Example-BNF (data.bnf.fr)• Data.bnf.fr: Semantic OPAC- French National Library• Reach BNF resources directly from a Web page, without any previous knowledge of the services provided by the
library;• Get oriented in the BnF resources and possibly find external resources.• Provide a hub between different resource types• HTML pages are automatically created with data and identifiers that are in the different databases of the library: BnF
catalogue general, BnF archives et manuscripts, and Gallica. The HTML pages are created using "Semantic Web" technologies.
• The pages are based on BNF authority records: authority records for persons and corporate bodies provide the matter for the "author" pages, authority records for works provide the matter for the "work" pages, and the RAMEAU subject authority records (the indexing language used at the BnF) provide the matter for the "subject" pages.
• These pages are indexed by search engines, whereas data and metadata that is hidden in the BnF's unindexable databases cannot be retrieved. The data.bnf.fr pages describe resources from the BnF that are often concealed in the "deep Web" and give access to digital documents from Gallica.
• All about the Miserables by Victor Hugo: http://data.bnf.fr/13516296/victor_hugo_les_miserables/
Simple graph on BNF model http://data.bnf.fr/images/exemple_graphe_1.jpg
Example – Deutsche Bibliothek • All corresponding data sources from the Habsburg Emperor Joseph II.http://d-nb.info/gnd/118558404• Manage and retrieve multilingual data in a more simple way then
before• Different kind of metadata from different sources in a single
environment
Link zu diesem Datensatz http://d-nb.info/gnd/118558404
Person Joseph II., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser
Geschlecht männlich Andere Namen Joseph II., Römischer Kaiser Joseph II., Deutschland, Kaiser Josef, Österreich, Erzherzog, 1741-1790 Josef II., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser Joseph II., Heiliges Römisches Reich, König Joseph, von Habsburg-Lothringen Josephus II., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser Josephus II., Imperium Romanum-Germanicum, Imperator Giuseppe II., Imperio Romano-Germano, Re Augusto Guiseppe II., Imperio Romano-Germano, Re Joseph II., der Grosse Joseph, der Zweite Joseph, der II. Joseph, II. Josephus II., Imperator Giuseppe, d'Austria Joseph Benedikt, Prinz Joseph Benedikt August Johann Anton Michael Adam, Österreich, Erzherzog, 1741-1790 József II.
Josip II. Graf Falkenstein (Pseudonym) Falkenstein, ..., Graf (Pseudonym)
QuelleInternet (Stand: 07.08.2014): https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II. LoC Auth DbA (WBIS) M; B 1986 Zeit Lebensdaten: 1741-1790 Wirkungsdaten: 1765-1790 Land Österreich (XA-AT) Geografischer Bezug Geburtsort: Wien Sterbeort: Wien Beruf(e) Kaiser Funktion(en) Herrscher Weitere Angaben1765-1790 Kaiser (bis 1780 als Mitregent Maria Theresias) Beziehungen zu Personen Isabella, Österreich, Erzherzogin (erste Ehefrau) Maria Josepha, Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiserin (zweite Ehefrau) Maria Theresia, Österreich, Erzherzogin (Mutter) Franz I., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser (Vater) Maria Theresia, Österreich, Erzherzogin, 1762-1770 (Tochter) Systematik16.5p Personen der Geschichte (Politiker und historische Persönlichkeiten) TypPerson (piz)
Example: Schema.org and Microdata• HTML5 standard: Set of tags including semantic data • FRBRlike attributes to homepages • Get meaning to data on the web• Describe connections among data elements• Underlying meaning can be understandable for search engines• OPAC (WorldCat, Koha), discovery systems (VuFind), repositories (like
DSpace).• Must be used by more LMS vendors as well (integrate into Qulto
portfolio)
An example of using semantic microdata: DSPACE repository of ELTE (Horváth, 2016)
Recent challenges• Referencing among vocabularies (better reference data needed)• How to evaluate the quality of semantic datasets?• Quality standards of user experience- Semantic OPAC• Changing searching attitudes in semantic environments• Tons of various resources – simple but comprehensive interface• User- centered benchmarking• Implement semantic standards to existing and new products by vendors• Need of collaboration: Business actors, research, cultural heritage
institutions, research and higher education sector
Research plan• Compare new generation of semantic OPAC with traditional interfaces• User experience - pros and cons (compared with traditional
interfaces)• Ergonomy, software quality- How can be evaluated? (applying ISO
standards?)• Possible outcome: Some kind of methodology to evaluate user
experience (including cognitive aspects)- finding challenges that are still open
References• “Dataset from Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (Joseph II.)”. Retrieved September 1, 2016 from:
http://d-nb.info/gnd/118558404 • “Getting Started with Schema.org Using Microdata.” Retrieved September 15, 2016. from:
http://schema.org/docs/gs.html.• Godby, J (2017). Library Linked Data in the cloud: from proof of Concept to Action. Retrieved January 15, 2017 from:
https://www.asist.org/Webinars/Webinar-01-12-2017-12344.pdf • Horváth, Á. (2016). RDFa - Schema.org: Unity of Document and Semantic Web. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from:
https://conference.niif.hu/event/5/session/10/contribution/27/material/slides/0.ppt.• Manguinhas, H., Charles, V., Isaac, A., & Hill, T. (2016). Entitifying Europeana: Building an ecosystem of networked
references for Cultural Objects. Retrieved December 18, 2016 from http://www.slideshare.net/HugoManguinhas1/entitifying-europeana-building-an-ecosystem-of-networked-references-for-cultural-objects
• Meehan, T. (2014). The impact of Bibframe. Catalogue & Index, (177), 2–16. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=110055753&site=ehost-live
• National Library of France. (2014). About data.bnf.fr. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from http://data.bnf.fr/about • Resource Description Framework (RDF). (2014). Retrieved July 14, 2016, from http://www.w3.org/RDF/
