Wide area SPS for Integrating SR with national grid

Approach Documentprepared by

Indian grid

Problems that might arise

Transmission of system events to SR regionsNew congested transmission corridorsLoad encroachments and power swing Protection malfunction(Zone-3 philosophy may fire back)Inadequate reactive power compensation at right node may leading to voltage collapse Local SPS may be inadequate during remedial actionsIsland from WR on instability to safeguard SR

Possibilities remedial or preventive

Redirect power flows by HVDC rampingEnsuring primary frequency response from generatorsPSS tuning for power swingsTCSC, SVC for reactive power compensationSupervisory control on Zone-3 protectionTrippingIntegrate existing schemes for control actions

Solution

Enhanced situational awareness based on

PMU + Applications(OMS, VSM)

Centralized RAS Controller

Logic building, Arming, Triggering from SRLDC

Online power system network evaluation

TSA for contingencies

Proposed SolutionCentralized RAS

Proposed System architecture

Sync 2101

Sync 2101 Sync2101 Sync 2101

PMU PMU

Subs

tatio

n-01

Subs

tatio

n-02

Subs

tatio

n-03

PDC

Telecom Network

(Bre

aker

stat

usU

FLS,

UV

etc)

Ope

n Co

mm

and

&O

ver r

ide

signa

l to

IED

(Bre

aker

stat

usU

FLS,

UV

etc)

Ope

n Co

mm

and

&O

ver r

ide

signa

l to

IED

Tables,Triggers,GOOSE

G

G

G

IEC 61850 C-37.118

Adapter

eDNA Historian

Subs

tatio

n-04

Historian

PDCVisualization

& Reports

SPS User interface

Telecom Network

Power Apps(power flow

data base)Data from eDNA

(Angle,V,MW,MVAr,Hz)

DATA from SCADA(Status,MW.MVAr,V,I)

SPS tables (Set1,Set2,Set3)

Triggers & Events(network tie line

trippings-1-5,Over loading ,Oscillations)

Improved State estimation

using Phasor data

Power flow engine(Simulate

Events and evaluate each

SPS action tables)

Boundary limits(Voltage,angle,MW.

MVAr,I,Hz, angle)

Transient Analysis

engine(For all events)

Model

Verify the results with boundary

condition and rank SPS action table based on no. of violation

and severity

High & Low Limits(Angle,V,MW,MVAr,Hz)

SPS action evaluation

Sl.No SPS availability

Event SPS evaluated

Violations identified Rank

1 YES Contingency-1 SPS-1 Total 20 violation &10 critical violations

5

2 YES Contingency-1 SPS-2 Total 10 violation &5 critical violations

4

3 YES Contingency-1 SPS-3 Total 5 violation &3critical violations

2

4 YES Contingency-1 SPS-1 &2 Total 5 violation &1critical violations

1

4 YES Contingency-1 SPS-1 & 2 &3

5 critical violations 3

Output of analysis

Trig-1(contingency-1)

Trig-2(contingency-2)

Trig3(contingency-3)

Trig4(contingency-4)

Trig5(contingency-5)

Trig6(contingency-

6)

SPS-1

SPS-2

SPS-3

SPS-4

SPS-5

SPS-6

SPS-7

SPS-8

SPS-9

SPS-10

PDC with logic builder

C-37.118

PMU-1 Logic Builder

(PMU1.Angle-

PMU2.Angle)

Angular instability triggers

IEC61850Goose trigger manger

Centralized trigger generation

PMU-2

PMU-n

RTU-2Sync2101

RTU-1(Sync2101)

IEC-61850 client

Logic Builder

RTU1.Status &

RTU2.Stat

Multiple transmissi

on line trip

Analog data

Analog data

Analog data

RTU-3Sync2101

SP

S

SelectionS

tatu

s ch

ange

SP

S

Selection

SP

S

Selection

SPS-local SPS-local SPS-local

Sync 2101(Trig manger node)

Sta

tus

chan

ge

Trig

ger e

xter

nal

SP

S action-01

SP

S action-02

SP

S action-03

SP

S action-04Status Change

Inputs/external trigger

SPS RTU(existing)

SPS scheme interface (Sync 2101)

Approach

System events and severity analysis (eg: interconnection failure, interconnecting transmission overloading, power import, export, contingency ranking, voltage critical buses, VP-VQ curves.System study for identifying subsets of the network which can maintain under disturbance. Done through load flow studies, transient stability analysis, voltage stability analysis using state estimation output and pre-defined contingency set.Analyzing communication requirement.Utilizing PMU data for better islanding & state estimation.On line contingency evaluation using power system tools for deriving remedial actions.

As is Study

Data collection: Details of Generating stations & substations with in the area.

Collection of the state estimation outputs in IEEE format for several possible operating scenarios, peak load, light load, summer load, winter load etc.

Identification of sustainable operational areas with in SRLDC.

Identification of operational subsets (load pattern and generation availability)

Identifying number of substations & feeder to be involved in system operation.

Communication medium and latency analysis.

Contingency study involving load flow, static contingency, dynamic contingency, voltage stability, OPF solutions.

Islanding scheme derivation(UF,UV,df/dt,dv/dt) . [done through transient stability analysis based on state estimation outputs and specified contingencies]

Utilizing PMU data for analysis [Done through enhanced state estimation, valid only if there are significant measurements from PMU]

List of use cases/contingencies

1. Centralized operation1. Centralized manual trigger(Operator driven)2. Transmission line overloading(PMU based)3. Islanding (Manual/OMS trigger)

2. Automatic1. Line trips, Gen trips(Breaker trips)2. SPS specific backup Protection trip (UF/OF,OV/UV)

PMUs

Flow

control

with WR

HVDC

Asynchronous link

Synchronous link

Centralised SPS for flow control with WR

PMUs

SPS for individual transmission linesPMU data sets available

PMUs

Relays available for pilot

Path Dynamics for better understanding of the system

Internal pool

External pool

PMUs

SPS for flow gates

Power flow

Major transmission line corridors(inter states)• Nellore –

Alamanti• chittor –

sriperumbatore

• Kolar-klvdpt

• Somnahalli –salem

• Kolar - Hosur 1&2

AP

TN

KAR

Challenges

• Modeling of the network• Integrating with existing SCADA system for real-time

measurements• Faster communication medium• Simultaneous action of through out the geography

(execution of commands in same time)• Transmission of GOOSE over WAN

KALKITECH’s experience

• Cell controller project For energynet.dk -Denmark(the project includes islanding and load balancing automatically during contingencies, this includes powerplants,CHPs & wind turbines)

• Emergency control schemes for Power intensive metal industries, refineries and petrochemical industries(800 to 400 MW plants to be stabilized during grid failures while power import & exports,schems includes, fast load shed and gen shed and synchronization controls)

• EMS for Bhutan Power Corporation (Network Topology Processor, Load Flow, Short Circuit Studies, Transient Stability Studies with Power Apps )

• PMU based WAMS Pilot Project at SRLDC• Working on PGCIL NTAMC project for RAS and AFAS• We were consultants for Qatar Petroleum for HV SCADA implementation with

IEC61850 SAS for their 33 kV distribution network• Development experience on OMS and VSM with WSU• Partnership With eDNA on Time-Series Historian • Participation in NASPI / IEEE

Advantage of KALKITECH Centralized RAS• Experience in power system dynamics and islanding implementation• In House PDC / WAMS/SPS Application Expertise, both in Power System

Algorithms, Communication Systems and Protocols.• Rugged and versatile RTU (Sync 2101)for data acquisition and control

action • Strong Integration and Inter-Operability Experience• Strong R&D and Product Partnerships with IIT Mumbai, WSU and Time

Series Historian Companies.• Open Interface for application / visualization / analytics development• Distributed & Scalable architecture, with a centralized web-based

Visualization server and a Distributed PDC structure