Wi-MAX

MonikalagwalCse(mits)

WiMAX is:• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.• Based on Wireless MAN technology.• A wireless technology optimized for the delivery of

IP centric services over a wide area.• A scalable wireless platform for constructing

alternative and complementary broadband networks.

• A certification that denotes interoperability of equipment built to the IEEE 802.16 or compatible standard. The IEEE 802.16 Working Group develops standards that address two types of usage models:• A fixed usage model (IEEE 802.16-2004).• A portable usage model (IEEE 802.16e).

INTRODUCTION

WiMAX is such an easy term that people tend to use it for the 802.16 standards and technology themselves, although strictly it applies only to systems that meet specific conformance criteria laid down by the WiMAX Forum.

The 802.16a standard for 2-11 GHz is a wireless metropolitan area network (MAN) technology that will provide broadband wireless connectivity to Fixed, Portable and Nomadic devices.

It can be used to connect 802.11 hot spots to the Internet, provide campus connectivity, and provide a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for last mile broadband access.

What is 802.16a ?

WiMAX can support very high bandwidth solutions where large spectrum deployments (i.e. >10 MHz) are desired using existing infrastructure keeping costs down while delivering the bandwidth needed to support a full range of high-value multimedia services.

WiMAX can help service providers meet many of the challenges they face due to increasing customer demands without discarding their existing infrastructure investments because it has the ability to seamlessly interoperate across various network types.

Why WiMax ?

WiMAX can provide wide area coverage and quality of service capabilities for applications ranging from real-time delay-sensitive voice-over-IP (VoIP) to real-time streaming video and non-real-time downloads, ensuring that subscribers obtain the performance they expect for all types of communications.

WiMAX, which is an IP-based wireless broadband technology, can be integrated into both wide-area third-generation (3G) mobile and wireless and wireline networks allowing it to become part of a seamless anytime, anywhere broadband access solution.

Ultimately, WiMAX is intended to serve as the next step in the evolution of 3G mobile phones, via a potential combination of WiMAX and CDMA standards called 4G.

Promise of potential low cost and flexibility in building broadband networks.

Scalability, as extra channels and base stations can be added incrementally as bandwidth demand grows.

Support for both voice and video as well as Internet data.

Broad Coverage High speed up to 70 Mb/sec.

Why is it Interesting?

WIMAX SPEED

How WIMAX Works?

A WIMAX tower station can connect directly to the internet using a high-bandwidth, wired connection.

It can also connect to another WIMAX tower using a line-of-sight, microwave link.

This connection to a second tower, along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles, is what allows WIMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas.

WiMAX Architecture

MIB – Management Information Base

SS – Subscriber Station

WiMax provide two type of wireless service:

1.Non-line-of-sight: service is a WiFi sort of service. Here a small antenna on your computer connects to the WiMAX tower. In this mode, Wi MAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to

11 GHz similar toWiFi.

2.Line-of-sight: service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a

rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send

a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with

ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz.

TYPES OF WIMAXFIXED WIMAX:

Wireless access application in which the location of the end-user termination and the network access point to be connected to the end-user are fixed.

MOBILE WIMAX:Mobile WIMAX implementations can be used to deliver both fixed & mobile services It offers superior building penetration and improved security.

IEEE Standards

Typical applications/services Broadband Internet access Real time applications Video streaming VoIP, Video on Demand Telemedicine application/Video Conference Surveillance and monitoring (forests, volcano, etc.) Other possible real time complex applications: E-learning General applications and services based on IP connectivity Application types Legacy ( no direct signaling capabilities for QoS) Need an agent to help them Signalling capable: e.g. SIP based Possible direct interaction with control plane for QoS reservation

WiMAX Supported Applications

10 - 66 GHz Short wavelength Line-of-sight (LOS) required Negligible multipath

2 – 11 GHz Longer wavelength Improved range and in-building penetration LOS not required Multipath effects may be significant

Characteristics of WiMaxFrequency Ranges

Cost Effective There are areas of the world-especially in rural

areas-where deploying wired broadband infrastructure is not cost effective.

In this case WIMAX is very cost effective.

High speed of Broadband service Another benefit of WIMAX is the ability to get a

higher connection speeds farther away from the transmitter.

Stands for Wireless Fidelity. Brand licensed by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi is a local area network technology that was

originally thought to replace the thousands of miles of LAN cables.

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) Based on IEEE 802.11

Wi-Fi

Feature WiMax(802.16a) Wi-Fi(802.11b) Wi-Fi(802.11a/g)

Primary Application

Broadband Wireless Access

Wireless LAN Wireless LAN

Frequency Band Licensed/Unlicensed2 G to 11 GHz

2.4 GHz ISM 2.4 GHz ISM (g)5 GHz U-NII (a)

Channel Bandwidth

Adjustable1.25 M to 20 MHz

25 MHz 20 MHz

Half/Full Duplex Full Half HalfRadio Technology OFDM(256-channels) Direct Sequence

Spread SpectrumOFDM(64-channels)

Bandwidth Efficiency

<=5 bps/Hz <=0.44 bps/Hz <=2.7 bps/Hz

Modulation BPSK, QPSK,16-, 64-, 256-QAM

QPSK BPSK, QPSK,16-, 64-QAM

FEC Convolution Code Reed-Solomon

None Convolutional Code

Encryption Mandatory- 3DESOptional- AES

Optional- RC4(AES in 802.11i)

Optional- RC4(AES in 802.11i)

Mobility Mobile WiMax(802.16e)

In development In development

Mesh Yes Vendor Proprietary Vendor ProprietaryAccess Protocol Request/Grant CSMA/CA CSMA/CA

Comparison Table:

Difference Between WiMAX and Wi-FiRange:

Optimized for up to 50 Km

Designed to handle many users spread out over kilometres

Designed to tolerate greater multi-path delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0μ seconds

PHY and MAC designed with multi-mile range in mind

StandardMAC;Sectoring/MIMO/AMC for Rate/Range dynamic trade-off

Optimized for ~100 meters

No “near-far” compensation.

Designed to handle indoor multi-path(delay spread of 0.8μ seconds).

Optimization centres around PHY and MAC layer for 100m range.

Range can be extended by cranking up the power – but MAC may be non-standard.

802.16802.11

Spectrum . able to be deployed in both licensed and unlicensed spectra.

Topology . supports different Radio Access Network (RAN) topologies.

Interworking . independent RAN architecture to enable seamless integration and interworking with WiFi, 3GPP and 3GPP2 networks and existing IP operator core network.

IP connectivity . supports a mix of IPv4 and IPv6 network interconnects in clients and application servers.

Mobility management . possibility to extend the fixed access to mobility and broadband multimedia services delivery.

WiMAX Technology

Bit Rate: Relative Performance

802.16a ~5.0 bps/Hz

~2.7 bps/Hz54 Mbps20 MHz

63 Mbps*10, 20 MHz;

1.75, 3.5, 7, 14 MHz;3, 6 MHz

802.11a

ChannelBandwidth

Maximumbps/Hz

MaximumData Rate

802.16a is designed for metropolitan performance

Bit rate: Wi-Fi works at 2.7 bps/Hz and can peak up

to 54 Mbps in 20 MHz channel. WiMAX works at 5 bps/Hz and can peak up

to 100 Mbps in a 20 MHz channel.

Optimized for outdoor NLOS performance

Standard supports mesh network topology

Standard supports advanced antenna techniques

Optimized for indoor performance

No mesh topology support within ratified standards

802.16802.11

Coverage

802.16 is designed for market coverage

WiMAX will not replace WiFi completely, but work TOGETHER

Intel is currently integrating WiMAX and WiFi into a single Centrino chip.

WiFi’s primary role will always be autonomous hotspot service

areas (indoor and outdoor 0 ft. < cell radii <500 ft.).

WiMax will ultimately replace WiFi in large-scale in commercial and public roles.

Will WiMAX displace WiFi?

Wi-fi and WiMax Together

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Wimax Coverage Wimax High Speed Multi-functionality within Wimax Technology Potential and development Stay in touch with end user Wimax Infrastructure Wimax, cheap network  Wimax Rich Features Wimax and Wifi Smart antenna and Mesh Topology

ADVANTAGES OF WIMAX

Lack of Quality WiMAX range WiMAX Bandwidth WiMAX rich features  Bad Weather Wireless equipments Power consuming Data Rate

DISADVANTAGES

1. Device/user authentication:

2. Protection of control messages:3. Support for fast handover:4. Flexible key-management protocol:

WiMAX Security Functions

FUTUREAnywhere, Anytime, Connectivity

WIMAX offers the kind of service where you can get a connection, wherever u may be.

When WIMAX is fully developed, u will no longer be limited to 300 feet within the WIFI hotspot, & u won’t have to drive around looking for a connection….

CONCLUSION WiMAX could bring broadband access into the

homes and businesses of millions of people in rural and developing markets.

Portable Internet a reality End-users to enjoy an “Always Best Connected”

Thx