why would a cell divide? as cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases...

Ch 10 Cell Division

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Page 1: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Ch 10 Cell Division

Page 2: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Comparing Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Why Would a Cell Divide?As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume

of the cell increases faster than the surface area

This means that a cell can no longer absorb nutrients and get rid of wastes fast enough to support its demands (volume)

So what’s a cell to do?

Solution: divide in 2!

Surface area for exchange not great enough to support cell’s needs

Page 4: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction:

1. Growth 2. Repair 3. Replacement

Different cells divide at different rates:Most mammalian cells = 12-24 hoursSome bacterial cells = 20-30 minutes

Page 5: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Cell Type Typical Lifespan

Intestinal Lining

Skin Cell ?

Red Blood Cell ?

Liver Cell ?

Intestine –Muscle and other tissue

Page 6: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Cell Type Typical Lifespan

Intestinal Lining

4-5 Days

Skin Cell 2 Weeks

Red Blood Cell 4 Months

Liver Cell 300 – 500 Days

Intestine –Muscle and other tissue

16 years

Page 7: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Page 8: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Page 9: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

REMEMBER!

InterphaseProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseCytokinesis

IPMATC

Page 10: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Interphase occurs before mitosis begins

• Chromosomes are copied (# doubles)

• Cell growth and organelles are doubled

• Preparing for mitosis

Page 11: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Prophase 1st step in Mitosis

• Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)

• Centrioles appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell.

• Spindle fibers form between the poles.

Page 12: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Metaphase 2nd step in Mitosis

• Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers and line in middle.

Page 13: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Anaphase 3rd step in Mitosis

• Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.

Page 14: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Telophase 4th step in Mitosis

• Two new nuclei form. • Chromosomes appear

as chromatin (threads rather than rods).

• Mitosis ends.

Page 15: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Cytokinesisoccurs after mitosis

• Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes.

Page 16: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

The Stages of the Cell Cycle

Page 17: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Regulatory Proteins Internal- Protein that regulates the

timing of the cell cycle inside the cell (ex: cyclin).

External- Protein that can cause the cell cycle to speed up or slow down (ex: growth factors, contact inhibition).

*Apoptosis*-programmed cell death.

Page 18: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Page 19: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Uncontrolled growth of cells

Cancer – body loses ability to control growth.› *Damaged P53 gene*› Causes: tobacco, radiation exposure, viral

infection, etc. Tumors- mass of cells

› Can damage surrounding area› Can break off and spread throughout body

Page 20: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Page 21: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Stem Cells Unspecialized

cells process by which

cells become specialized is known as differentiation.

Page 22: Why Would a Cell Divide? As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area This means that a

Stem Cell Research

Replacing damaged heart cells.

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