why we should read plato - jerry balmuth.odt

7/30/2019 Why we should read Plato - Jerry Balmuth.odt

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Why we should read Plato - Jerry Balmuth

0:00

AND this man here JEROME BALMUTH is an institution, he is actually, he instantiates

Collgate....university ?0:09

the best called i think that totally entirely0:12

seriously

0:13he is that has been teaching here for over fifty years

0:19and uh... love you

0:21

who haven't taken a course that you have to think it was with him0:25

one of those people like uh... blvd processing0:30

from early on

0:32that

0:33who'd getting a between

0:39

water quality of the all that

0:42how terrible and0:45

magic everest college with a lot of people

0:49georgian though he was caught he would rather work cornell

0:56scarlet letter

0:58

he survived ebay1:01

and could tell us about that long1:04

uh...

1:05you know all he

1:07arson

1:08

poppies chair1:10

influx religion

1:12on

1:14


2/51

what can i say like that and that kind of gerontologist why is that we replayed

1:20in our series why do you read it

1:22

the classics think the great work1:25

arbitrary1:32

i get the polls is premature

1:35i think in my coat off because all of this

1:40lavish introduction here t_v_

1:44

knots at all certain i can live up to that1:47

prospectus

1:48this is not a lecture it's a talk

1:51in by the call improvise as we go along

1:56certain ideas and i want to get across

1:59

and up2:02

unwilling to accept questions in the in the course of it2:06

bought probably it's preferable if i'm just

2:09go through what i have to say first concern

2:13how can the questions that you know

2:16

one2:17

people ask me why with its higher counselors it's a billboard2:21

it's a billboard for plato2:24yes i do believe in

2:26uh... i

2:27

both in philosophy is most profound2:31

critical subject yeah2:33

uh...

2:34one engagement

2:36


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and also as plato as the done

2:40relieving

2:43

central focus the sample2:45

sinker him2:48

philosophical tradition

2:50they see sort of a sample alfred north whitehead when school though

2:55or question four

2:57

a footnote to play out3:00

and we had in mind

3:02was that

3:06that was so much

3:08healthy

3:10

deep reflection3:12

and so much of the subsequent history info3:15

is grounded in plato

3:18including of course the history of uh...

3:21medieval thought

3:22

history3:23

christianity bleakness them3:26

one can really understand or appreciate3:30focused in without understanding

3:34and confronting platelets and

3:37

uh...3:41

the contemporary3:44

karen plea comical mckinny's is a reference here to

3:50the concept of god

3:54


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as remain significantly answer west insult

4:01uh... the book i'll be talking about will spoil his plato's republic

4:05

and the reason is4:07

it's the work4:10

that is most easily accessible i think and com

4:14tries to incorporate

4:17the fulfillment of

4:20

plato's4:21

own

4:23andrej summary

4:24because socrates begins it was a simple question

4:28hardship one of the line

4:31

and asking that question how sweet wonderful life4:35

you've and fixed on the idea that there is such a thing4:40

the excellence of something

4:42each thing in the universe as its own

4:45if you have a special expense

4:48

because at the virtue of that particular things retreat knife protrude4:54

virtually table4:55

uh... the virtual thelma's is being able to grasp4:59and make it possible

5:01each thing has a kind of excellence

5:04

specially5:05

to that particular5:07

object

5:08if that's the case it may well be that human beings in their exercising at life

5:14


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the choices mag

5:17should be guided by this notion of this question here what is the excellence

5:22

political life5:23

what kind of life it won't live5:26

if one person to see

5:28question

5:29the fortune

5:30

uplifting5:31

what our what is this

5:34the reflects this virtual because so

5:38socrates was convinced that socrates words afterall acquittals

5:43vision teacher

5:45

commenced that no human being really beautiful5:49

let's say5:50

no you won't be had

5:54sab

5:55wouldn't you would be a sale was acts with proposals

5:59

some purposes always6:01

the anticipated to be realized by the action6:06

one one creating object when the soul6:08as an action here to realize that good

6:11song

6:13

the question that became column what is the good6:17

to be realized6:19

in human behavior human infection

6:23m

6:24


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this is the of

6:26the point at which

6:28

uh... socrates and raise the question6:33

it's not him6:35

no woman

6:37acts

6:38court evil why is there people

6:40

wiser6:42

while some of these decisions

7:18please

7:22pollution

7:28least was

7:31

molecule7:33

hello7:35

and mother

7:37there are still

7:38was open

7:41

there are others who knows7:45

what he had an overactive7:48

millions of7:50loans

7:51is squeeze c

7:56

does the whole7:57

right now7:58

know what it is

8:05past those who each of you know

8:09


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traditional

8:11you know he's

8:15

protection8:16

hello8:18

usa

8:20except

8:26representation dispute

8:28

suitors8:29

uh...

8:31question

8:32ingane

8:34squid

8:35

suitors8:41

abuse you8:43

ascites

8:46clearly dialogues

8:48is that we need to

8:51

determine what the good news8:53

in order to live in exile life8:57

there are all kinds of uh... huh9:00candidates for this

9:02but most of these candidates are incapable

9:05

of being sustained hereby9:07

critical thought9:10

again

9:12the

9:14


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uh...

9:16the

9:18

claim here9:20

that alone9:21

there aren't capable of uh... is one here which appears done through

9:27what he calls the dialogue

9:30the over all of us who

9:32

the talk9:34

and plato was uniquely responsible for this idea that theme

9:40talking through idea as we reach various levels of understanding

9:45and that the dialogue is massive of

9:50discovering and self discovery but the truth is or at least

9:54

what is false would assign people to be stank trip9:58

so the dialogue is a unique10:00

uh

10:02expression

10:03of a form of reasoning

10:06

of rational reflection10:08

which challenges the received opinion10:12

uh... by10:14raising questions about what is good

10:16of course that made

10:18

socrates pavilion10:21

pleasant person large number of10:23

single experience

10:25and of course

10:27


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resolve is

10:29that he was moderate

10:30

to this10:32

commitment10:33

to fine good in life

10:35overgrown of human

10:38and

10:39

now10:40

three weeks ago bangalore and give us

10:44of montrose talk

10:46on the bronco marriage bureau

10:48we know that the american hero about where the use of this year's hector

10:53

achilles10:54

well i commend them10:56

had certain virtues

10:58certain expenses

11:00those accidents as well the expenses that i have to do with

11:04

with both11:05

fighting sustaining11:07

lathis within the community11:10uh...

11:11reflecting conventional wisdom about

11:15

the value11:17

of life itself11:21

it played a role for the first time introduces the idea of the intellectual

11:26hero

11:28


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the hero whose fortunes have to do with follow-up

11:32and reflection

11:34

not with the commitment here to certain military values or a certain11:38

uh... i would say uh... moral11:41

uh... moral claims that have to do with fighting again

11:47true this quality

11:49all of which are all quite valuable

11:53

and homebuyer communities11:55

but plato introduces a new level

11:58the level of

12:00reflection for upon the nature of her

12:03humanly human beings themselves and the nature of human community

12:09

so12:10

here we have a new kind of hero12:14

one who was moderate

12:17really

12:18uh... slain

12:20

for exactly this kind of challenge to the conventional wisdom12:24

he's a hero to all12:27

western fought the costs12:29the challenge to

12:31oh receive dependent

12:34

is not necessarily antagonistic12:37

to seek12:39

it is simply asking the question

12:42can we see it depended justify itself

12:46


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is it can it be in some ways

12:49warranted

12:50

or12:52

isn't healthier solely by convention12:55

and without any justification for

13:00that suggests therefore that critical

13:05element here kal

13:06

socrates is really the biting element13:09

of vote

13:11hopeful his socrates contribution has played also

13:15and that by the element

13:17is what has remained consistent either

13:20

in philosophy and in fact all13:23

critical thought13:26

pd

13:27weenie

13:28it is the

13:30

function of the academic13:32

world13:33

constantly challenge13:35not because they're skeptical

13:37but because they are searching for that elements

13:41

although nancy independent13:43

that can be warranted13:45

and what alternatives that can be anticipate and game

13:50uh... substitute

13:53


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and so they're constantly raising new kinds of questions plato is

13:58of the hero

14:00

even14:01

uh...14:03

recognizing this and socrates aryan

14:06making this

14:07part of our culture

14:09

and part of the western14:12

but contribution here

14:14to the cellphones hemming and understanding of the world

14:19well now inmate plato's republic

14:22uh... at the next

14:25

possibility for the good14:26

is taken up14:28

and it's take it up as

14:29the concept of just

14:34an

14:36

the public14:38

raises the question14:40

maybe the good over human being is the goodness or the justice of him as a deal14:46to him or higher

14:48as a human being

14:50

living in a just a14:54

and14:55

yet all of us

14:56to exercise

14:58


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those powers that that just a is able to

15:02uh... administered

15:05

but what is that just a15:08

and what is justice anyway15:11

this notion of what is already

15:14socal essential concert

15:18is that what all of those necessary conditions without which

15:22

thing would not be worth it15:24

is a challenge here

15:26to everything that is proposed

15:31what is the essential nature of justice

15:34and

15:36

support prado sets up socrates as15:40

posing any15:41

uh... possible answer to this

15:44you

15:46justice for the individual justice for the state

15:50

which of critically interconnected15:54

uh... is in part15:57

his response to15:59uh... how will should a man

16:01how she looked and i have no and live

16:05

and how shiva state16:07

be organized16:09

such that it would be fulfilment

16:12of the best

16:13


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that can be

16:15and assay

16:19

nahi at the beginning of the16:21

utm16:23

of the republic

16:25um...

16:28there are a number of

16:31

comments made about the nature of justice16:33

for the most part the important i'll comment is that it's idea that justice

16:38is really a compromise

16:44and then dividual

16:46had his druthers

16:48

sis famous ring obliging since had the brother had there16:52

ability here16:54

to virtues that world

16:57each of us which usually world in which we were totally dominant am powerful

17:02enable

17:04

and in which17:05

we might not abuses book17:09

buddy which we worked totally invulnerable of other people's17:16that would be the best of all possible worlds

17:20of course the obverse

17:22

but worst of all possible worlds17:25

would be a world in which17:28

others have power over us

17:30and we were totally week

17:32


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and then defended fence defenseless

17:36incapable of

17:37

functioning in any way17:39

that would realize our own17:42

purposes

17:44and between those two you have them the best

17:47and the worst

17:48

world17:49

the best world is a world in which

17:52you have a lot more

17:54and the powell and the capacity here act as you will

17:59without restraints

18:01

but the worst world18:03

is the world in which we are18:06

in

18:06we are

18:08victims

18:09

or victimized18:11

by a world of which we had18:13

no control18:16justice is the hypothesis is

18:19is really a combination

18:22

or compromise18:24

between those two18:26

each of us gives up our power

18:29to exercise

18:31


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uh... house transporters

18:34whatever advantaged cavalry others

18:36

in return for18:39

others18:40

giving that up

18:42uh...

18:44in their possibility of controlling ourselves

18:47

so that what we have a used a compromise between the best18:52

and the worst

18:54and justices those previous compromise one that's looks at it

18:58i think the good world just brutal

19:01as a world in which one minute delays one's way to one's own best advantage

19:08

and to the lease dispatch19:10

so convince is the19:13

principle

19:14virtual

19:15meaning the excellence social life

19:19

and socrates is confronted with this as the common opinion about justice19:26

kaminin about our relationship to each other19:29

and to this day19:32his his comment canyon

19:34that uh... socrates and takes up

19:38

two exam19:40

he wants to all of you19:42

let this makes justice only an instrumental good

19:47what is news dramatically

19:49


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instrumental goes on those goods that are only good

19:52for what they bring

19:54

they are not necessarily good themselves la19:57

good examples of loneliness medical treatments20:01

one

20:03and treatment

20:05would be a ecstatic that we

20:08

uh...20:09

highway collection

20:11nobody seeks to the rubbish collection for its own sake

20:15when does it for

20:17the advantage brings

20:19

um...20:21

studied economics for example is20:23

good it's your neighborhood

20:26answer hardly

20:28valuable for its own secularism well let's leave it welcome question

20:33

uh...20:35

but those uh... blows or20:40

of course people don't necessarily20:43recognize this but that money after orders up no value whatsoever of lesson

20:48temperatures

20:49

and do something20:51

sosa purely instrumental good20:55

there are a contest of that there are these intrinsic alot so these goods that

20:58are worth having for their own sake such as

21:04


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such as education knowledge and understanding

21:12one can really justify happiness is

21:15

something21:17

seeking something else it is it's own21:21

satisfaction so on

21:23some forms of pleasure

21:25not all but some

21:27

will be intrinsically21:30

good at its own

21:32now the challenge too

21:35socrates is to show that justice is worth having

21:39not only for the brains

21:42

that is occurred21:44

adjust lights21:46

and a just society

21:48but also

21:50is valuable

21:52

for happy itself21:54

your respective21:55

of the consequences code21:58the 'em

22:00the employment of the car and the exercise

22:04

and that's a very cold shower22:07

considering that most people consider justice purely as their summer tested22:12

purely v

22:13uh...

22:15


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the conditions of the strong

22:17as he puts it the uh...

22:20

what the stronger holes22:23

the uh... in the interest of the strong22:27

com

22:29how does

22:32uh...

22:36

how does that reason receipt22:39

well he says

22:42uh...

22:43if if we're going to talk about

22:45the intrinsic value of justice

22:48

we really need to talk about uh... the nature of the mumbai22:54

as well as a nation state22:57

let's say we would really need too

23:02disentangle the various

23:05characteristics of the uh... human being

23:08

as well as the first day23:10

if worked on the stand23:12

what we are23:16part of this is plato's unique

23:18and there is a big a supporter which plato is really advance beyond socrates

23:25

which plato uniquely begins to have a functional23:30

understand23:32

of justice

23:34that is to say

23:36


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he believes that

23:38justice is a consequence dependent variable

23:43

depended upon other factors23:46

each of which23:48

is a

23:49a factor it's all right

23:52well i mean

23:53

well23:54

he says what the individual every individual

23:58ob

23:59has acts

24:01the appetite of element here that is the element hero

24:06

soph24:07

nearly needing things for survival24:10

will call this food

24:12sheldon clothing police are studies on our

24:17urgency

24:19

those are minimally required here24:23

acquittal that sometime24:25

life you know that will be at least at the beginning place and south24:31security

24:32one can imagine and make them life without any please

24:37

are short notes24:39

of these satisfactions our appetites24:44

so that's a fact that the other

24:47of the soul was important for reproaching

24:51


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home

24:52in contrast

24:54

too24:56

another element of the person in which is24:58

that spirit

25:00kind of passion

25:02commitment here

25:03

various kinds25:07

and suburbs

25:10now the interesting example that plato provides is as follows

25:16if you're a thorough devilishly thursday

25:21and your

25:23

uh... or wounded in the sunlight is the family is25:27

and europe25:30

calling out for

25:34but then you're told that

25:36or you den recognize

25:40

that if you drink25:41

this will enhance25:44

unlikely25:45destroy the possibility of

25:47alvo of

25:51

becoming25:53

successful in europe25:55

becoming well again

25:59if you know what waterways poisonous

26:02


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if you know the water is

26:04uh...

26:06

such there it'll destroy your life26:08

rather than an answer26:10

but you don't

26:12as per graphics

26:14but if you're not drinking at

26:17

you have the urgency to drink26:20

like the entry producing driving

26:24but the recognition that to drink

26:26is really to destroy

26:29the purpose of wish

26:31

the drinking was supposed to fulfil their life26:37

how is that possible26:39

that on the one hand of the searchers c_n_n_ land disintegration

26:45well there must be another factor

26:47now to ability to control

26:50

or to sensor26:52

what is that you have letters flow26:56

that ability to control the census26:59is what equals

27:01the rational

27:03

of a human being27:23

reasons for that type deaden27:25

constitute

27:27what we won't see a veto

27:30


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rudimentary

27:32anthropology or psychology

27:34

that uh... plato office27:37

hello27:39

region

27:40and i have before us

27:42spirit

27:43

through most of my heart27:45

and of course appetite

27:47below the belt

27:49at that point we have them be

27:53tripartite

27:54

soul27:54

or the great contributions27:57

that plato made again

27:59trying to reflect on the nature of human beings

28:03now what's important here is that

28:06

in each of these28:08

each of these parts have a fortune28:11

let's say they themselves have a excellence28:16and the part

28:17as we said each individual part has an excellent

28:22

batteries moves28:26

that if spirit28:28

its coverage

28:30battle uptight is

28:35


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moderation

28:37the audio dot com

28:40

they are controlled by28:43

the fortune28:44

they'd try to seek berksten

28:46and the ideal individual

28:48that is the individual who is

28:51

in harmony with itself28:53

is one that

28:56exercises these virtues

28:58fill the spots

29:00now justice she says it is a dependent variable

29:04

depending on29:05

approaches29:07

the realisation of the virtues of each of the parts for the sole

29:11so that

29:12that

29:13

complex concept of a virtual29:16

that it's not a29:19

it's a dependent variable upon each of these29:22that constitutes

29:27the justice of the individual

29:30

this means that29:33

one29:34

there should be

29:36a rational ordering

29:38


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of these

29:41relationship

29:42

so that just as the29:45

rational parts as well it's wrong to to drink29:49

so the appetite a bug may continue to

29:54exercise insurgency

29:56but what was particularly a about the human

30:00

uh...30:01

reaching in factories here

30:04is that

30:05there is no self governments

30:09yeah i am these two factories

30:13

that the only self-governing element com factory is that a reason30:19

so that to the degree to which raises a lot exercise censorship and control30:25

to that degree you have a just individual

30:30that control is lacking

30:32and if it gets out of

30:34

at that particular juncture the appetites will go wild30:39

we call that addiction30:41

or30:43totally incapacity here too

30:45have that kind of self control

30:49

oc30:50

adn30:51

spirit

30:52remains as a dependent

30:55


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on its own

30:56range it will sometimes rely itself

31:00

with reason31:01

and other times31:03

and align itself with appetite

31:05and so you'll find that very often are passionate is

31:09to satisfy our appetites when we know rationally

31:14

that's not a good thing31:15

whether it's alcoholism or drugs

31:18or power

31:21grove insatiable appetites

31:24no governance

31:26

that part of our soul has no governance31:29

the only part of the soul that is31:32

governing is

31:33the rational are

31:36most important

31:37

uh...31:39

recognition31:40

because it means that31:43unless we have reasoning

31:47unit community

31:49

uh...31:50

the society individuals will not be jealous by application31:55

your society

31:57will not be jealous

31:58


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if it's consistent

32:00consists of these kinds of persons

32:03

you can think of that in terms of the current election32:06

and think of those who are32:09

trying to understand

32:10uh... what would be the best resolution

32:14the problems that we presently have

32:18

financially economically32:20

and uh...

32:23and c to what degree

32:26also result than what the greek

32:28ruled by ideological

32:31

appetites32:32

with spirit32:34

at any rate this is the just individual this is a model

32:39that he uses

32:40uh... which

32:42

actually32:44

tomato the notion of the state32:47

the state he says it is the sole writ large32:51the launch meeting by that

32:53that we can see in

32:55

the state is a whole32:58

the32:59

elements here

33:00already

33:01


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these elements are

33:03uh... state

33:05

and they function slightly differently33:07

so33:09

you will have a

33:11ruling

33:13or a person

33:15

you'll have a hand33:18

instead

33:20we'll have the producers

33:24and you have the parties

33:30and the state plus is a itself depended

33:35

street justice in the state or if you'd like rationality in the state33:40

depends on33:41

the virtues of the ruling group

33:43their capacity

33:45to use reason

33:47

and not understanding knowledge33:51

ut too33:52

patrol33:54the state itself

33:56to control it over the producing element

33:59

before sir produces34:01

know what they want what no what they're supposed to do34:05

because part of plato's theory here is what's called a division of labor

34:10specialization function he was very clear about that

34:13


29/51

way before marks

34:15that specialization of function

34:17

and division of labor34:19

is an essential element here34:25

of what certainly at the state

34:28now when the ruling group

34:30functions well

34:32

in accordance with the the purposes in st34:35

and

34:37the of produces continued to produce

34:40you have them

34:42the virtues

34:46

wisdom in the state34:50

and34:51

moderation temperance

34:55in the state

34:59and you have

35:01

courage35:05

and afghanistan35:07

madness rack35:09so

35:11point being here

35:13

that35:16

you can provide the35:19

society into these forms

35:21and each of us has a virtual hadn't the just eight is the state in which

35:26


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the relationship

35:27to the parts is exactly of similar to

35:31

as mentality here that he likes to play with35:35

and it's of course a very valuable time35:37

of analogy

35:39now

35:42what is the on just sold waali until so late one with the appetites takes

35:46

control35:49

al

35:50or the spirit takes control

35:54incapable of being

35:56am so you have a kind of uh...

35:59

analytic account here36:01

of uh... and be distorted or36:05

unhappy so

36:07ineffective

36:09well same thing goes for the state

36:12

and his hero36:13

the marxist state36:15

in which the36:18produces

36:19are in control of the

36:22

ruling group36:23

what itself36:24

i'll be frustrating

36:28state stadium which part

36:31


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the reducing group

36:33would have no

36:34

real capacity36:36

to too36:37

rule

36:38and so you have to have a dictatorship proletariat know how to make it work

36:44if you have a military state

36:46

as we often do36:48

where the guardians takeover

36:51and intro

36:55itself the company the

36:58strength of government they become the

37:01

uh...37:02

forces37:04

implying the army not already

37:06to defend the state

37:08but to defend the military

37:11

that control society37:14

then you have a distortion37:16

and i'm just a37:17because its purpose is not to realize the best

37:21of the community

37:22

but rather that part of the community here37:25

which both37:27

uh... advances

37:28the interests of that particular group

37:32


32/51

so here you have uh... this

37:34but opposition of

37:37

what works and doesn't work37:39

in terms of the relationship between the parts37:42

and the virtues of these parts

37:44all combined to constitute the virtue though

37:48through utah

37:50

the whole sorry37:54

now alle

37:58those two

37:59seemed to be

38:01easily enough

38:02

uh... establish38:04

but then the question number bridge mergers38:07

what exactly

38:10is

38:14realize

38:16

what exactly38:18

how in the world is a state38:20

to try38:22to fulfill

38:26a division of labor

38:28

and the fulfillment of the best of the states38:32

and the answer yes is education38:36

education

38:37is that mechanism

38:40


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for advancing

38:41from

38:43

a possibility38:45

to actuality38:47

from taking

38:49the raw talent

38:51of persons

38:53

and developing those who are constantly capacities38:56

that have the capacity ultimately too

39:01so

39:02his vision of education is very much of a liberal education every individual

39:07tributes polos every individual

39:10

man and women39:13

every member of the state39:16

will stop

39:17frank the beginnings

39:19to be educated

39:21

and work their education through to the point39:24

of their happens39:26

the point of the counselors39:30as they get off at different stages

39:33they may get off at the point at which they are

39:36

produces39:38

it may get off at the point at which the guardians39:41

such as john mccain

39:43and made me get off

39:45


34/51

uh... dat point at which they are

39:49regroup

39:51

audience of course of those who39:53

are p39:55

protectors state

39:57who themselves are not in position puted side what they go to protect

40:02so

40:03

the ones who decide what they want to protect40:06

is a ruling group

40:08and the guardians are best used to support the ruling group

40:14and when they

40:16havoc on the top and they take over

40:19

the rule40:20

you have a distorted state and i'm just40:24

same thing for the human individual

40:28now unarmed

40:30in order to had this education

40:34

you have to have a jerk agent here that proceeds40:38

to an understanding of what do we how do we educate40:43

and one of the great40:46virtues of the republic

40:48is that it

40:50

has a theory of40:52

knowledge40:54

theory

40:55flossie go into a small a g this module

40:59


35/51

uh... pattern

41:01that theory of knowledge is that

41:04

we need to distinguish41:07

between41:09

those things that are acceptable to us

41:13by peers

41:16and those things that are only accessible by reflection

41:19

and understand41:21

we need to distinguish

41:23the apparent

41:26and the real thing

41:27what goes beyond the apparent

41:29

to the rio41:31

so he distinguishes41:33

two levels

41:35the so-called

41:37physicals

41:39

what's obvious41:42

just a minimal education requires41:46

to the intelligible41:48what behind what is behind the office

41:51too

41:52

the more profound understanding41:55

of what connects things to other things42:00

one of the things that plato is

42:04absolutely convinced

42:05


36/51

is that we know nothing about individuals we just know their

42:10appearance

42:12

to understand particular thing42:15

is to understand42:18

not only that long

42:19what how it is part of any kind of a sort or type of thing

42:36as he calls reform

42:39

the form of a thing42:41

is that

42:42which binds

42:44it's this is at the same kinds

42:47to be instances dot com what is it that makes that i think what it is

42:52

while is it43:00

and this gives us43:02

aclu

43:03to something which is very possible

43:06which is why it when you

43:08

move into43:10

a new place43:12

you're able to identify43:15facing never

43:17physically seen before

43:20

you've got a singles buildings43:23

you've never seen those people43:25

you've ever seen those trees

43:27that the same that lake

43:31


37/51

and yet you know what they are

43:34the capacity to know

43:37

what something is43:40

irrespective of the fact you have to confront her previously43:44

becomes then

43:46aki

43:47to understanding the form of a thing

43:51

and also pt43:54

of reflection riddles

43:57fault that there must have been in some way stump prior understanding knowledge

44:03sunday or

44:05some prior

44:07

confrontation44:08

so we have a theory about that but that confrontation44:13

is based on the idea that

44:16we recognize new things

44:18re read compromise recog nized things

44:23

overture was44:25

are understanding of the forms things44:28

soul all knowledge has to proceed44:32from favorite memory

44:34elements

44:36

because of what44:38

up through44:40

to the intelligible

44:42and up to the front

44:46


38/51

afloat

44:48how you think so they're being such a thing as

44:51

formal forms44:54

yes of course it was a formal for the use of all i can tell you44:59

but i can tell you this

45:01just as the sun

45:04is a necessary condition of the visible

45:07

and to do that45:09

without the salem everything would go dark

45:12all energy would cease

45:15the sun is to the vegetables

45:18as the form of a good

45:20

used to be a countries45:22

so it gives us a metaphor45:25

and the metaphor is that

45:28the essential nature of

45:31of knowing

45:32

is dependent all cabrera the form of the book45:37

so he's opposed ideology follows through there are levels of45:41

just watching sophistication45:44but all the way that level of sophistication here

45:47is vindicated here

45:50

by the fact that45:54

we ourselves recognize45:58

simply the way things work

46:01is not the way things are

46:03


39/51

we distinguish

46:05looks at something from

46:07

what that something is46:10

nature of that46:12

and that's what we see

46:13in using

46:16cognition understanding the attempt to opr

46:19

the particular46:24

soul

46:25this is rudimentary

46:28floor plato's republic

46:30it is essential that this be follow

46:34

and that is the46:36

theory46:37

acknowledged that he explores

46:40and then

46:42how i can tell you to what

46:45

how how important plato was to the concept of liberal education46:49

we ourselves would not be46:52

in the liberal arts college that we are46:55therefore not for plato's advocacy

47:02man

47:04

opal physical education47:06

and moral education47:09

physical education and electric

47:13and intellectual education is not just the accumulation of information

47:19


40/51

intellectual information

47:21is the capacity to

47:24

begin to exercise judgment47:27

and to be able to move47:29

uh...

47:30with understanding

47:33beyond

47:35

information47:36

information needs to be sorting

47:39it needs to be

47:41clarified and categorized

47:44and made clear

47:46

and that's where education comes in47:50

and we are grateful to47:55

for teaching alistair

47:59because our softball

48:01began really what it is our contemporary

48:04

uh... man48:06

university48:08

aristotle began the inquiry into biology48:13into psychology

48:16bahama

48:17

into blodgett into ethics into metaphysics48:22

and48:24

the horrible contemporary

48:26series of

48:28


41/51

studies

48:30dependent upon

48:32

uh... continuing48:35

challenge to48:36

the way things are appeared in the way things are

48:40uh... finally

48:42because i don't want to

48:44

to any more on this48:46

there is the him

48:49critic he has a democracy

48:51and it's very valuable as per usual

48:55to be able to see

48:57

democracy48:59

as compared to49:00

the kind of society

49:03which he advocates

49:05when he says you have this

49:08

you have certain degrees of the virtues of the ruling group guardians the49:13

producers49:13

and they produce different kinds of states different kinds of49:17political systems

49:19one such

49:22

political system49:26

is49:28

talkers

49:33because it aristocracy meritocracy is

49:36


42/51

the huh

49:38fact that those

49:40

who are in positions of authority49:42

exercise that authority out of knowledge and understanding49:46

and not out of

49:48other forms of

49:50hopelessly

49:52

selective49:53

choices some

49:56meritocracy

49:57for meritocracy ideology there is

50:01commodity

50:04

then dole karki50:08

then democracy50:12

and then finally

50:15because democracy

50:17very often just doesn't work

50:19

you get to him50:25

tyranny is the50:28

use of is the50:30lightly on of

50:32power

50:34

on one person50:35

as representative all the people50:39

and plato's brilliantly clear as to how

50:44democracy very often becomes

50:47


43/51

cut their targets

50:49freedom and equality

50:51

because under freedom and equality there's no50:55

there is no50:58

there's no capacity at the distinguished between what's better or worse

51:03and the result of is say

51:07form of

51:08

of uh...51:10

complete and total

51:12hmmm

51:14adequacy

51:15uh... opened his

51:16

to every other every possible choice51:20

so that uh...51:23

some people prefer this other people that

51:26they're all open

51:28democracy has suspended

51:31

ghar ki tends to be the role of the fuel51:34

which is51:35

the rule of money51:38and he's very clear about that

51:40he says at one point

51:43

uh...51:50

uh... talks about all of their pieces of it51:59

uh...

52:01so we must explain how camara c is transported into ordinary

52:07


44/51

yes surely the matter is this transformation three even

52:10uh... to the bombing melissa block

52:12

well a treasure house filled with gold52:15

which each processes52:17

destroys a constitution

52:19for say find ways of spending money for themselves then they stretch laws

52:24relating to this

52:25

then they and their wives just the way it was a comparatively52:29

them in the end victory loving an honor loving man

52:33become lovers of making money

52:35on one of the lovers

52:37and a bracelet my wealthy people

52:39

and appoint demos rules52:41

well they piss off52:43

portland's

52:45huh

52:46again

52:47

he says52:48

uh... well as the city change from the world are key to a democracy in some52:52

such way is this because of its insatiable desire52:56to attain what is set before it has a good namely

52:59the need to become as rich as possible

53:03

in what way53:06

says53:08

since those who rule city do so because they own a lot

53:13i suppose there aren't going to enact laws were that young people who've

53:18


45/51

had no discipline from spending it

53:20and wasting their wealth

53:23

so that by making loans to their homeland security by the young people's53:26

property and then calling those53:28

loans in

53:30they themselves become even richer monitored

53:34this is a favorite thing to do

53:36

so is it clear that53:38

by now that it's impossible for a city donald wealth

53:42at its entire for its citizens to acquire moderation

53:46but the one or the other is inevitably neglected

53:50that's pretty clear

53:52

because of this the correct53:54

because they encouraged by a discipline53:57

or at least i mean frequently reduced people to come in stamp department

54:01that's right

54:02and these people said island city unimportant

54:06

adherent54:07

the critique therefore of54:10

too54:12democracy or right

54:15it scott

54:18

it may not have it may not54:23

because it doesn't and to the degree to which54:27

were able to elect

54:30to tunes

54:33


46/51

people in the morning group boys that have that capacity too

54:38but it's very easy to get a break

54:41

down to54:42

eighty54:43

periods in which anarchy

54:45and that ultimately

54:47purity pixel

54:49

thank you very much sean who say that54:57

out

54:59apparently for president

55:08mister wong

55:10i'll take my hat my player i a lot for now

55:13

house speaker myself yet55:33

http55:38

hope

55:44strike the six the

55:46he thinks it's bad for dumb people

55:51

bad things55:52

he thinks that young people55:55

should be kaha55:59informed

56:00about what is respected that and

56:03

and what will they turn produce that56:07

event56:07

a great deal of exposure

56:09to indulgences

56:12


47/51

and to corruption

56:14uh... that is to say too

56:17

forbes theater corrupt so56:19

in fact56:20

how may well destroy

56:22so this notion of freedom of

56:26censorship

56:28

is acutely that democratic notion56:31

and it has

56:32great cost

56:35cost being paid

56:36we for that

56:38

there is a lack of taste56:40

there's a lot uh...56:42

control

56:43and there's a lack of standards

56:46norms tend to be

56:49

ob56:50

conventionally56:52

of what the polls say56:54the market allows for any kind of interest whether it's born pornographic

57:00whether it's drugs

57:02

whether it's alcohol57:05

any kind of57:07

of flow

57:09hypochlorite

57:10


48/51

can be satisfied

57:11if at the moment democratic society where there is total freedom

57:15

and he thinks that's bad57:18

white because he believes that57:21

living well

57:22the man's self control

57:25it but the man's

57:27

continuing monitor mamaji57:30

of ones

57:32capacities and palace and appetites

57:34continuing mantra

57:35why because

57:37

the individual faculties57:39

had not57:41

are insatiable

57:43bailey are not capable of

57:46self-monitoring

57:48

and those o57:51

so it's not a society we live in57:53

it society in which he considers to be better no one will57:58in that of exercises xmen

58:02of

58:03

settled paradigm58:05

of what is the ideal site58:07

he calls it an ideal society

58:10and he says

58:13


49/51

likely such society will never exist

58:18but invite

58:20

if losses became kings58:23

additive58:24

uh... philosophy became

58:28regarded

58:31uh...

58:33

and i think that's true58:36

that is to say

58:37i think it's

58:39to the book

58:41that student studying philosophy

58:44

because they studied this kind of thing58:47

and by so doing recognize how weeks exercise58:53

choices critical

58:55ob

58:56decision making

59:04

contribute to it you know59:09

it's at weather59:13

purcell so59:16he or

59:21well the presumption is that what we asked what is the good life

59:27

how shall i beat a life each of us acess classroom question59:32

we are taking our own lives59:34

as intrinsically valuable its own right

59:37and something that

59:39


50/51

we need to ban all of our capacities all our resources to

59:44to director

59:46

to their fulfillment59:48

so he's taking it has been transmitted59:50

life per se

59:53and uh...

59:55have agree with that

60:05

saying60:10

yes of

60:11his argument against democratic state is that generally corrupts

60:16by glowing quotation

60:19tends to corrupt puppet high it takes

60:22

and while there may be initially60:25

already hopeful of60:29

articulated

app booksof uh... musical offerings

hope art formsof uh... of

inventions such self

roseam

the there is a way

in which we becomewell informed about what's the best and iamong these

and if we can't cultivate thatthrough our educational system our educational system if we can cultivate

their

so education systemthen we can

uh... serve democracybut it's compatible with the fact that the legendary

elite

is a bad wordiraq community because we're all democrats

but only does not occur a bad word for


51/51

uh...

socrates offer plato because elite mean simplyuh...

able too

respond to in a way that others are not able to respond to particular kinds ofdates

concernshaha

or

areon her

yesyet

yeah god

yetwell think i think they have to give

well they hang together in that could within reach

uh... i mazesi don't want a spectacular

but every piece of literature of success in certain waysif we read it seriously

why we should read plato - jerry balmuth.odt

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