why rutherford get a noble prize

8/6/2019 Why Rutherford Get a Noble Prize

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Why RUTHERFORD get aWhy RUTHERFORD get a

Noble Prize ?Noble Prize ?

MADE BYMADE BYROHIT YADAVROHIT YADAV

Why RUTHERFORD got a Noble Prize ?

MADE BY

ROHIT YADAV


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WHO IS RUTHERFORD ?WHO IS RUTHERFORD ?

Ernest Rutherford, 1st BaronErnest Rutherford, 1st BaronRutherford of NelsonRutherford of Nelson OM,OM,FRS1 (30 August 1871FRS1 (30 August 1871 1919October 1937) was a NewOctober 1937) was a New

ZealandZealand -- born British chemistborn British chemistand physicist who became knownand physicist who became knownas the father of nuclear physics.as the father of nuclear physics.In early work he discovered theIn early work he discovered theconcept of radioactive halfconcept of radioactive half--life,life,proved that radioactivity involvedproved that radioactivity involved

the transmutation of onethe transmutation of onechemical element to another, andchemical element to another, andalso differentiated and namedalso differentiated and namedalpha and beta radiation. Thisalpha and beta radiation. Thiswork was done at McGillwork was done at McGillUniversity in Canada.University in Canada.


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He was knighted in 1914. In 1916 he was awardedthe Hector Memorial Medal. In 1919 he returned to

the Cavendish as Director. Under him, Nobel Prizes

were awarded to Chadwick for discovering the

neutron (in 1932), Cockcroft and Walton for an

experiment which was to be known as splitting theatom using a particle accelerator, and Appleton for

demonstrating the existence of the ionosphere. He

was admitted to the Order of Merit in 1925 and

raised to the peerage as Baron Rutherford of

Nelson, of Cambridge in the County of Cambridge,

in 1931.


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Rutherford performed his most famous work after he had moved to theU.K. in 1907 and was already a Nobel laureate. In 1911, he postulated that

atoms have their positive charge concentrated in a very small nucleus, and

thereby pioneered the Rutherford model of the atom, through his discovery

and interpretation of Rutherford scattering in his gold foil experiment. He

is widely credited with first "splitting the atom" in 1917 in a nuclear

reaction between nitrogen and alpha particles, in which he also discovered(and named) the proton. This led to the first experiment to split the nucleus

in a fully controlled manner, performed by two students working under his

direction, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton, in 1932.

After his death in 1937, he was honoured by being interred with the

greatest scientists of the United Kingdom, near Sir Isaac Newton's tomb in

Westminster Abbey. The chemical element rutherfordium (element 104)was named for him in 1997 .

Famous work


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Why he got noble prize ?Why he got noble prize ?

Rutherford got noble prizeRutherford got noble prizein Chemistry . It is thein Chemistry . It is thebasis for the Nobel Prize inbasis for the Nobel Prize in

Chemistry he was awardedChemistry he was awarded"for his investigations into"for his investigations intothe disintegration of thethe disintegration of theelements, and theelements, and the

chemistry of radioactivechemistry of radioactivesubstances". He got thissubstances". He got thisnobel prize in 1908 .nobel prize in 1908 .


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Rutherford performed his most famous workRutherford performed his most famous work

after he had moved to the U.K. in 1907 andafter he had moved to the U.K. in 1907 and

was already a Nobel laureate. In 1911, hewas already a Nobel laureate. In 1911, he

postulated that atoms have their positivepostulated that atoms have their positivecharge concentrated in a very small nucleus,charge concentrated in a very small nucleus,

and thereby pioneered the Rutherford modeland thereby pioneered the Rutherford model

of the atom, through his discovery andof the atom, through his discovery and

interpretation of Rutherford scattering in hisinterpretation of Rutherford scattering in his

gold foil experiment. He is widely creditedgold foil experiment. He is widely credited

with first "splitting the atom" in 1917 in awith first "splitting the atom" in 1917 in anuclear reaction between nitrogen and alphanuclear reaction between nitrogen and alpha

particles, in which he also discovered (andparticles, in which he also discovered (and

named) the proton. This led to the firstnamed) the proton. This led to the first

experiment to split the nucleus in a fullyexperiment to split the nucleus in a fully

controlled manner, performed by twocontrolled manner, performed by two

students working under his direction, Johnstudents working under his direction, JohnCockcroft and Ernest Walton, in 1932.Cockcroft and Ernest Walton, in 1932.

After his death in 1937, he was honoured byAfter his death in 1937, he was honoured by

being interred with the greatest scientists of thebeing interred with the greatest scientists of the

United Kingdom, near Sir Isaac Newton's tomb inUnited Kingdom, near Sir Isaac Newton's tomb in

Westminster Abbey. The chemical elementWestminster Abbey. The chemical element

rutherfordium (element 104) was named for himrutherfordium (element 104) was named for himin 1997 .in 1997 .


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In 1903, Rutherford realised that a typeIn 1903, Rutherford realised that a type

of radiation from radium discovered (butof radiation from radium discovered (but

not named) by French chemist Paulnot named) by French chemist Paul

Villard in 1900, must representVillard in 1900, must representsomething different from alpha rays andsomething different from alpha rays and

beta rays, due to its very much greaterbeta rays, due to its very much greater

penetrating power. Rutherford gave thispenetrating power. Rutherford gave this

third type of radiation its name also: thethird type of radiation its name also: the

gamma ray.gamma ray.

In Manchester he continued to workIn Manchester he continued to work

with alpha radiation. In conjunction withwith alpha radiation. In conjunction with

Hans Geiger he developed zinc sulfideHans Geiger he developed zinc sulfide

scintillation screens . In late 1907scintillation screens . In late 1907

Ernest Rutherford and Thomas RoydsErnest Rutherford and Thomas Royds

allowed alphas to penetrate a very thinallowed alphas to penetrate a very thin

window into an evacuated tube. As theywindow into an evacuated tube. As they

sparked the tube into discharge, thesparked the tube into discharge, the

spectrum obtained from it changed, asspectrum obtained from it changed, as

the alphas accumulated in the tube.the alphas accumulated in the tube.

Eventually, the clear spectrum of heliumEventually, the clear spectrum of helium

gas appeared, proving that alphas weregas appeared, proving that alphas were

at least ionised helium atoms, andat least ionised helium atoms, and

probably helium nucleiprobably helium nuclei


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Rutherford's research, and work done under him asRutherford's research, and work done under him as

laboratory director, established the nuclear structure of thelaboratory director, established the nuclear structure of the

atom and the essential nature of radioactive decay.atom and the essential nature of radioactive decay.

Rutherford's team also demonstrated artificially inducedRutherford's team also demonstrated artificially induced

nuclear transmutation. He is known as the father of nuclearnuclear transmutation. He is known as the father of nuclear

physics. Rutherford died too early to see Le Szilrd's ideaphysics. Rutherford died too early to see Le Szilrd's ideaof controlled nuclear chain reactions come into being. Aof controlled nuclear chain reactions come into being. A

speech of Rutherford's printed in the September 12, 1933speech of Rutherford's printed in the September 12, 1933

London paper The Times is reported by Szilrd to haveLondon paper The Times is reported by Szilrd to have

been his inspiration for thinking of the possibility of abeen his inspiration for thinking of the possibility of a

controlled nuclear chain reaction, in London, on the samecontrolled nuclear chain reaction, in London, on the same

day. Rutherford's speech touched on the 1932 work ofday. Rutherford's speech touched on the 1932 work of

John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in "splitting" lithium intoJohn Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in "splitting" lithium into

alpha particles by bombardment with protons from aalpha particles by bombardment with protons from a

particle accelerator they had constructed.particle accelerator they had constructed.


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A statue ofA statue of

ErnestErnest

RutherfordRutherford

at hisat hismemorial inmemorial in

BrightwaterBrightwater

NewNew

Zealand.Zealand.


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why rutherford get a noble prize

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