why* measure walking? *who? *what?ewds.strath.ac.uk/portals/50/ias documents/walking for...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Why* measure walking?
Dr. David Rowe
Physical Activity for Health Research Group
University of Strathclyde
*How?
*Where?
*When?
*Who? *What?
1
![Page 2: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The original plan …
recap on “wellbeing” why measure WfW?
ICE
BREAKER
2
![Page 3: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The new plan:
recap on “wellbeing”
why measure walking? (who, what, when, where, how?)
ICE
BREAKER
ICE
BREAKER
ICE
BREAKER
3
![Page 4: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outline
What is walking for wellbeing (WfW)?
Why measure WfW?
What instruments measure WfW?
How to choose a WfW measurement instrument?
How to use WfW data?
4
![Page 5: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Questions I get asked a lot …
Which pedometer should I buy?
How much money should I spend on a pedometer?
Should I buy a pedometer that tells me calories?
What is the best method for measuring walking?
5
![Page 6: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Questions I asked you …
Why do you want to measure walking?
What is the most important thing you want to take from this session?
How do you plan to use the information you learn in this walkshop?
How many steps should we (adults) take per day to maintain and improve health?
6
![Page 7: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Evolutionary Model of Walking:
What is “walking for wellbeing”?
7
![Page 8: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is “walking for wellbeing”?
Activity:
Pair up
Stand up
2 x 1-minute telling each other what you think defines “walking” for “wellbeing”
Re-watch the series of photos
Is this “walking for wellbeing”?
If so, why?
If not, why not? 8
![Page 9: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Definition(s) of walking
Bipedal locomotion
Ambulatory physical activity
Stepping
A behavior
Characteristics: rhythm, direction, location, movement, intensity, frequency, duration, efficiency, context
Classifications: occupational, commuting, leisure
9
![Page 10: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What differentiates walking “for wellbeing”?
Higher intensity?
Bouts vs. intermittent?
Healthy steps “up and about” steps?
Is definition the same for different outcomes? Cardio-metabolic health?
Bone health?
Weight management?
Mortality?
Mental health and spirituality?
10
![Page 11: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why measure walking?
I really am asking YOU!
11
![Page 12: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why measure walking?
Understand the determinants of WfW
Answer questions about relationships between walking and wellbeing-related outcomes
Determine if an intervention has an effect on WfW behavior
12
![Page 13: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Determine prevalence of WfW
Including whether someone is meeting walking recommendations, e.g., 10,000 steps per day(???)
Why measure walking?
13
![Page 14: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How to measure walking?
Yes, I really am asking YOU again!
14
![Page 15: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Most Common Methods for Measuring Walking
Self-report (questionnaires and diaries)
Pedometers
Accelerometers
GPS (GIS)
15
![Page 16: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How to choose?
Practicality
Reliability
Validity
16
![Page 17: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
How to choose - practicality
Cost
Purchase and per-use
Convenience (user and “tester”)
Burden
Compliance
Complexity
Time
“Fail” rate?
17
![Page 18: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Accuracy-Practicality trade-off
Accuracy
Pra
ctic
alit
y
Questionnaire
Pedometer
GPS
Accelerometer
Region of “No Use”
Region of “No Chance”
18
![Page 19: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
How to choose - reliability
Reproducibility
Dependability
Consistency
Instrument “performs” consistently, regardless of:
Which make or model
What time/which occasion
Time frame (number of days)
19
![Page 20: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
9403 9227 9073 9186
8186
10504
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
Yamax AE120 AE120XL WFL Omron Actigraph
Type of M onitor
Steps/day for Various Activity Monitors
20
![Page 21: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Individual discrepancy act
ivPAL –
NL-
1000 s
teps
21
![Page 22: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How many days?
# of days RXX (children)
RXX (middle-aged) RXX (older)
2 .69 .64 .90
3 .71 .73 .92
4 .75 .78 .92
5 .77 .82 .93
6 .79 .84 .94
7 .87 .96
22
![Page 23: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Which days?
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000
10500
SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT
n=23
Adapted from: Tudor-Locke et al (2004) A Preliminary Study of One year of Pedometer Self-Monitoring Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 28, 158-162
23
![Page 24: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What time of year?
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000
10500
11000
11500
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NO
VDEC
n=23
Adapted from: Tudor-Locke et al (2004) A Preliminary Study of One year of Pedometer Self-Monitoring Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 28, 158-162
24
![Page 25: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
BSc Students (2013)
25
![Page 26: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
BSc Students (2012)
26
![Page 27: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
BSc Students (2011)
27
![Page 28: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
How consistent are individuals?
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
TH FR SA SU MO TU WE
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
Selection of data collected from individuals 28
![Page 29: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Which days, and how many?
Generally speaking:
Both weekend days
At least 2, preferably all weekdays
Do the same for everyone
Sufficient number of days for reliability of at least RXX = .80
29
![Page 30: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
How to choose - validity
The “heart” of the matter
Does the instrument measure what you want to measure?
Does it enable you to do what you want with the data?
30
![Page 31: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Validity paradigm
From: Rowe, D., & Mahar, M. (2006). Construct validity. In T. Wood & W. Zhu (Eds.), Measurement theory and practice in kinesiology (pp. 9-26). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
31
![Page 32: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Does the instrument measure what you want to measure?
32
![Page 33: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Definitional Stage
Define the construct (“walking for wellbeing”)
What it is
What it is not
33
![Page 34: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Domains of Walking
Theoretical domain
The domain of the construct
Operational domain
The measurement domain
34
![Page 35: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Domains of Walking
THEORETICAL OPERATIONAL
QUESTIONNAIRES
PEDOMETERS
ACCELEROMETERS
GPS
FREQUENCY
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DURATION
INTENSITY
SOCIAL CONTEXT
DISTANCE
ENERGY EXPENDITURE
DAILY DIARY
GIS
35
![Page 36: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Domains of Walking
THEORETICAL OPERATIONAL
FORCE PLATFORM
TELEMETRIC EMG
IN-SHOE PRESSURE PAD
PEAK 3D SYSTEM
STEP LENGTH
JOINT TORQUE
ANTERIO-POSTERIOR FORCES
DOUBLE SUPPORT TIME
CENTER OF MASS
VERTICAL FORCE
36
![Page 37: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Jingle, jangle fallacies
Rockport “walk” test
50 ft “walk” test
YMCA “step” test
SFT “step in place” test
37
![Page 38: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Measures of Walkability
Scottish Walkability Assessment Tool
Walkability Index
Walkability Checklist
Walking Security Index
Walking Permeability Index
Pedestrian Potential Index
Pedestrian Performance Measure
Pedestrian Environmental Factor
Pedestrian Infrastructure Prioritization System
Pedestrian Sketch Plan Method
Pedestrian Deficiency Index
Pedestrian Level of Service
Pedestrian Level-of-Service
Florida Pedestrian Level of Service
38
![Page 39: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Dimensions of Walkability
Spatiophysical
38 dimensions, 95 characteristics
Paths; path width
Spatiobehavioral
10 dimensions, 30 characteristics
Safety; automobile-pedestrian crash factor
Spatiopsychosocial
4 dimensions, 30 characteristics
Perception of walking; comfort
Policy
5 dimensions, 24 characteristics
Plans and programs; public/private partnerships
Moudon & Lee (2003) Walking and bicycling: an evaluation of environmental audit instruments Am J Hlth Prom, 18(1), 21-37
39
![Page 40: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Measurement of WfW
Dimension Q’aire Pedometer Accelerometer GPS/GIS
Steps + +++ +++ (++)
Distance + ++ ++ +++
Speed/cadence + (+) +++ +++
Time + (++) +++ +++
Location + +++
Social ++
Other “context”
++
[+ measures somewhat accurately; ++ measures moderately accurately; +++ measures very accurately] 40
![Page 41: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Does it enable you to do what you want with the data?
41
![Page 42: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Why measure walking?
Detect individual differences
Detect change
Investigate relationships
Report prevalence “meeting recommendations”
42
![Page 43: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Tudor-Locke (2001) RQES
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Baseline Post-
intervention
0
20
40
60
80
100
Baseline Post-
intervention
Pedometer (steps/day) Activity Log (kcal/kg/day)
ES = 1.68 ES = -0.03
43
![Page 44: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
How to decide?
44
![Page 45: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Activity #2
Refer to handout for “Instrument selection” activity
Work in groups
45
![Page 46: Why* measure walking? *Who? *What?ewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing... · Questions I asked you … Why do you want to measure walking? What is the](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052007/601c48fdbd29372d6d7120ca/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
TIME TO WALK! 46