why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.interactions of earth’s crust and...

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Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1. Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and are the cause of earthquakes and volcanoes. 2. Cracks in the crust and mantle are called faults 3. P. 443 of earth science book shows a map of California. The San Andreas Fault is moving

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Page 1: Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and

Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important?

1. Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and are the cause of earthquakes and volcanoes.

2. Cracks in the crust and mantle are called faults

3. P. 443 of earth science book shows a map of California. The San Andreas Fault is moving Los Angeles, towards San Francisco at about 5 cm/yr. In about 100 years = neighbors.

Page 2: Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and

South America is moving away from Africa at about 3 cm/yrHawain Islands are moving north west (towards Japan) at 9 cm/yrMt. Everest is still rising.

Hypothesis: Continental Drift1. Pangaea2. Evidence

1. Rock formations - 2. Fossils3. Ancient climate clues

Page 3: Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and

Why did scientists reject this hypothesis?

What eventually convinced them that it was correct?

1. Seafloor spreading2. Geomagnetic Time scale and magnetic

reversals.

Theory of Plate Tectonics: Earth’s crust and rigid upper mantle are broken into enourmous slabs called plates.

Page 4: Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and

Plate Boundaries:1. Divergent boundaries- two tectonic plates

are moving apart.

2. Convergent boundaries – two tectonic plates are moving toward each other

1. Oceanic crust converging with Oceanic crust

2. Oceanic crust converging with continental crust

3. Continental crust converging with continental crust.

Page 5: Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and

Fault- when the crust fails and fractures due to too much stress or stress too quickly.

1. Reverse fault- due to compression2. Normal fault- due to tension3. strike-slip fault- due to horizontal shear

stress.

Earthquake waves: Primary waves – PSecondary waves – SSurface wave

Page 6: Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and

Earthquakes generate the 3 type of seismic waves.

Focus – point where an earthquake originates

Epicenter – the point of the earth’s surface directly above the focus.

Page 7: Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and

3. Transform boundaries – Where two plates move horizontally past each other.

Convection current in the Asthenosphere (upper mantle.

Stress – force exceeding the strength of the rock1. Compression-towards each other2. Tension-pulling apart3. Shear- distortion in all directionsStrain = deformation of materials due to stress

Page 8: Why is understanding the theory of plate tectonics important? 1.Interactions of earth’s crust and mantle result in the formation of Earth’s surfaces and

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