why? human comfort energy usage air quality security governing factors: citys meteorology pollutant...

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Why? • human comfort • energy usage • air quality • security Governing Factors: • city’s meteorology • pollutant emissions and where • topography • landuse Urban Airflow (Meteorology) Studies Urban Airflow (Meteorology) Studies

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Page 1: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Why?• human comfort• energy usage• air quality• security

Governing Factors:• city’s meteorology• pollutant emissions and where• topography• landuse

Urban Airflow (Meteorology) StudiesUrban Airflow (Meteorology) Studies

Page 2: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Urban surface is source of drag, heat and pollution Street (canyon) scale

(less than 100 to 200m )

Neighbourhood scale (up to 1 or 2km)

City scale(up to 10 or 20km)

Flow and dispersion modelling is currently possible at many levels of sophistication depending on applications

Scale definitionsScale definitions

Page 3: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 4: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 5: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Inquinamento a scala localeInquinamento a scala locale

La dispersione è influenzata da:

•intensità del vento

•turbolenza (meccanica e termica) dei bassi strati atmosferici

•effetti meteorologici locali (brezze di mare o di terra, ricircolo del vento in street canyons urbani ecc.)

STREET CANYONSTREET CANYON

aspect ratioaspect ratio, W/H (dove W rappresenta la larghezza dello street canyon e H l’altezza)

(al variare del parametro W/H cambia il regime di flusso e quindi la concentrazione di inquinanti all’interno dello street canyon stesso)

unità spaziale fondamentale

geometrie che influenzano fortemente i campi di vento e di turbolenza risultanti

Page 6: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Leew

ard

Win

dw

ard

INTRODUZIONEINTRODUZIONE

WIND

STREET CANYONSTREET CANYON

H

W

Page 7: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

INTRODUZIONEINTRODUZIONE

Page 8: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 9: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Enhancing Dispersion: Flow Obstructions

•The turbulent wake behind a building helps mix pollutants to the ground that might not have been there normally, in a stable atmosphere.

•Downwash is especially bad when there are pollution sources on the top of the building.

•It is important to get the pollution emitted high enough above the building so that it does not get caught in the downwash and get carried down to the ground

Page 10: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 11: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
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Page 13: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 14: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 15: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 16: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 17: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 18: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 19: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 20: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow
Page 21: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

ADMS – RoadsADMS – Roads

Page 22: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Valutazione dell’inquinamento atmosferico in città

ADMS-Urban è utilizzato per modellizzare l'impatto di opere importanti, come l’espansione di aeroporti, la gestione del traffico ecc. È usato per valutare la qualità dell'aria attuale e futura valutati sulla base di standard di qualità dell'aria quali EU Air Quality Directive, UK NAQS, US NAAQS, Chinese Class I, II and III e WHO guidelines

Descrive in dettaglio ciò che accade in un range di scale, dalla scala della strada alla scala urbana

ADMS - RoadsADMS - Roads

Page 23: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

ADMS - RoadsADMS - Roads

Page 24: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

ADMS - RoadsADMS - Roads

Page 25: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Sorgenti di emissione

7000 sorgenti ROAD contemporaneamente

Sorgenti Road

Sorgenti industriali (puntuali, lineari, areali, volumetriche)

ADMS - RoadsADMS - Roads

Page 26: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Flussi di traffico

velocità oraria e dati del flusso di traffico, fattori di emissione preimpostati o, in alternativa, dati sulle emissioni precalcolati, ad esempio con il CERC's Emission Inventory Toolkit, EMIT, che comprende i fattori attuali e futuri per i motori Euro

Effetti dello street canyon e della turbolenza indotta dal traffico

ADMS - RoadsADMS - Roads

Page 27: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Gestione del traffico veicolare

è necessario studiare come gestire il traffico veicolare e valutare scenari di riduzione delle emissioni

•Alcune autorità locali in UK stanno considerando la possibilità di introdurre delle Low Emission Zones (solo i veicoli con basse emissioni sono ammessi a circolare)•L’effetto di questemisure sulla qualità dell’aria può essere valutato con ADMS-Urban. L’Emissions Inventory Toolkit, EMIT, può essere usato per investigare l’effetto sulle emissioni

una previsione per gli anni futuri indica che le concentrazioni di un certo inquinante potrebbero

eccedere I limiti di legge

ADMS - RoadsADMS - Roads

Page 28: Why? human comfort energy usage air quality security Governing Factors: citys meteorology pollutant emissions and where topography landuse Urban Airflow

Plot 2D

ADMS - RoadsADMS - Roads