WHY

GovernmenT?

ACCORDING TO LOCKE...

What is government’s purpose?

Where would YOU like to live?State of Nature Social Contract ● Total freedom● No job or

education required● No rulers● No laws● Nothing is against

the law

● Government’s job is to protect the rights we are born with

● Government taxes your income to pay for services like roads

● Government makes laws to protect the common welfare

Josman, D., Roots of american democracy. Retrieved 12/5/08 from www.slideshare.net

State of Nature

Josman, D., Roots of american democracy. Retrieved 12/5/08 from www.slideshare.net

Social Contract

Josman, D., Roots of american democracy. Retrieved 12/5/08 from www.slideshare.net

POLLDo we need a government?

Thumbs UpThumbs Down

Thumbs to the side

Let’s Time Travel to get

PERSPECTIVE

How did WE get HERE?

Wait! What does this have to do

with our government?

CAUSE/EFFECT: EVENTS LEAD TO ENLIGHTENMENT

When you are figuring out causes and effects, you are looking for a relationship between two or more events.

Ask the question, ”What happened?” to understand the effect.

Ask the question, “Why did it happen?” to understand the cause.

CAUSE

1448

Printing Press Invented by German, Johannes Gutenberg

-Moveable type made it possible for the common person to have access to books

EFFECTleads to increase in literacy & people start to question govt & religion.

1478: Catholic Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain, want to rid Spain of Non-believers, Jews and Moors.

CAUSE

EFFECT

1478: CONSEQUENTLY, the Spanish Inquisition- began. Catholic Church tortures Jews & Moors (to rid Spainof non-believers) and thousands are victims of burning at the stake, beheadings and torture

CAUSE:

The Catholic Church sells indulgences. An indulgence forgave one of past sins and allowed one after death to go straight to heaven.

EFFECT:

CONSEQUENTLY, Martin Luther nails 95 Thesis to Church door questions corrupt practices of the Church

CAUSE

PROTESTANT REFORMATION -> questions/protests Church teachings/practices

EFFECTS:

Leading to Bloody Results= BURNING at the

stake

16th-17th c

The Scientific Revolution questions

religious traditions and beliefs.-> Scientific Method

-> Geocentric vs. Heliocentric

EFFECTS:Hence, THE ENLIGHTENMENTAka THE AGE OF REASON politics, philosophy, science and communications change dramatically.

The Enlightenment

17th-early 19th c: PHILOSOPHERS LIKE JOHN LOCKE & BEN FRANKLIN condemned TYRANNY (rule by a tyrant) and superstition like burning “witches,"-> challenged traditional social practices -> basis of American Revolution & French Revolution

-> Called for SOCIAL & POLITICAL CHANGE

-> Valued JUSTICE and EQUALITY for all-> Emphasized human REASON and SCIENCE as the path to knowledge

John Locke

Ben Franklin

What other MOVEMENTS

changed SOCIETY?

Explain.

What change does our society need now? Why?Brainstorm

We are all BORN with Natural Rights

that CANNOT be given or TAKEN away.

-Locke

LIFE

LIBERTY

PROPERTY

State of NatureA state of nature is just

like living in a jungle.A “state of nature” isdefined as life withoutgovernment or laws.

Who survives in a state of nature?

Josman, D., Roots of american democracy. Retrieved 12/5/08 from www.slideshare.net

HUMAN NATURE -> LOCKE V. HOBBES Imagine… You are walking down thestreet and you notice thatthe doors of a bank are wideopen. There are huge piles ofmoney sitting on the floor. No one else is there. No onewill ever know whether yougo in and take some or all ofthe money or if you justkeep walking. Would you take the money? WHY OR WHY

NOT?

Josman, D., Roots of american democracy. Retrieved 12/5/08 from www.slideshare.et

Josman, D., Roots of american democracy. Retrieved 12/5/08 from www.slideshare.net

Based on this scenario,

ARE MOST PEOPLE BORN

GOOD OR DO THEY HAVE

THE POTENTIAL FOR EVIL?

Is a governmentnecessary in shapinghow people behave?

1. Many students responded differently to the bank scenario. ● What is your view of human nature? ● Are people born good? Born evil? Explain.

R

A

C

E

1. Many students responded differently to the bank scenario. ● What is your view of human nature? ● Are people born good? Born evil? Explain.

R People are born good or evil. AHuman nature is based on environment and innate understandings.

C For example, in class many students said they would steal the money. However, others cited their guilt as a deterrent.

E Clearly, some students who said they would steal were not taught right from wrong.

2. Based on the bank scenario, what drives most people? Selfishness? Guilt? Fear? Greed? Love? Kindness? Compassion?

● How do you know?

R

A

C

E