Why Do Engineers Exist (in Canada)?

Failure

Quebec Bridge Disaster

1907 Collapse

Popular Mechanics: A Major Engineering Achievement

Quebec Bridge Disaster

1916 Collapse

Quebec Bridge Disaster

• Engineer never visited the site, worked by proxy from New York

• Drawings were modified without recalculations or mathematical appraisal

• Once first accident occurred: government took control

• Defective casting caused the second collapse

The Iron Ring

• 1922– Following the Quebec Bridge Disaster to establish

standard of practice/ethics for engineers– Professor Herbert Haultain: University of Toronto– Rudyard Kipling: Noted Author/Poet– Formed the Corporation of the Seven Wardens• Administrate the ceremony• Maintain the ritual• Local camps in each major hub of engineering across

the country

What do Engineers Do?

• Solve Problems– Design– Mathematics– Physics

• Technical Solutions– Physical Infrastructure, Agriculture, Power– Medical, Aeronautic, Radio, Nuclear

• Create the future!

How do Engineers do what they do?

• Design– The engineering problem solving method

• Apply Science– Use theories to describe the problem

• Use Math– Ensure the problem and theory works

Spot an Engineer!

• The Iron Ring– Symbol of professionalism

• Canadian Ritual• Since 1922

• Championed by H. E. T Haultain, University of Toronto

• Written by Rudyard Kipling

Engineers vs. Architects

• Industrial vs. Residential– Buildings of record

• Structural vs. Aesthetic– Scope of practice

• Science vs. Art– Required knowledge and training

FAMOUS CANADIAN ENGINEERS

Alexander Graham Bell

• 1847 – 1922

• Invented the telephone• Hydrofoil pioneer

Sir Sanford Fleming

• 1827 – 1915

• Canada’s Postage Stamp• Canadian Pacific

Railway• Intercontinental Railway• Founding Member of

the Royal Society of Canada

John Hopps

• 1919 – 1998

• At the University of Toronto’s Banting Institute

• Alongside Toronto General Hospital Surgeons

• Invented the External Pacemaker

Elizabeth MacGill

• 1905 – 1980

• First Female Electrical Engineering Degree in Canada

• First Female Aeronautical Engineering Degree in North America

• Hawker Hurricane Weather Designer

• Maple Leaf Trainer Designer

Other Famous Modern Engineers• Alfred Nobel

– Dynamite• Neil Armstrong

– First man on the moon• Edwin Armstrong

– FM Radio• Joseph Bombardier

– Snowmobile• George de Mestral

– Velcro• Nikola Tesla

– AC Power transmission

BECOMING AN ENGINEER

1. High School

• 70-90% average (depending on the university)• Required Courses (prerequisites):– ENG4U English (ENG3U, ENG2D, ENG1D or P)– MCV4U Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U)– MHF4U Advanced Functions (MCR3U, MPM2D,

MPM1D or H)– SCH4U Chemistry (SCH3U, SNC2D, SNC1D or P)– SPH4U Physics (SPH3U, SNC2D, SNC1D or P)– 1 U or M Course

1. High School

• Examples of 1 U or M Course at the grade 12 level (prerequisites):– TDJ4M Technological Design (TDJ3M)– ICS4U Computer Science (ICS3U)– TGJ4M Communications Technology (TGJ3M)– TEJ4M Computer Engineering Technology (TEJ3M)– BAT4M Financial Accounting Principles (BAF3M)– AVI4M Visual Arts (AVM3M, AVI2O or AVI1O)– EWC4U The Writer’s Craft (ENG3U)– ETS4U Studies in Literature (ENG3U)

2. University

• 4 year bachelor’s degree from a Canadian University (B.Eng, B.Eng.Sc, B.App.Sc) accredited by Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board

• Programs are accredited by discipline (not a complete list):– Agricultural, Chemical, Civil, Computer, Electrical, Engineering

Physics, Materials, Mechanical, Metallurgical, Mineral, Mining, Petroleum, Geological, Geomatics, Oil and Gas, Surveying, Manufacturing, Industrial, Sustainable and Renewable Energy, Biomedical, Biological, Water Resources, Food, Systems Design, Building, Forest, Ocean and Naval Architectural, Integrated, Space

2. University

• Fulfill Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board’s requirements– Each University will have done so, and be

accredited for a certain amount of time• Accreditation allows for easy passage onto the

next stage of the licensure process by the provincial regulator

• Otherwise/International Graduate:– Competency examinations (up to 18)

3. Professional Practice Exam (PPE)

• Provincial test of law and ethics– Knowledge and defence of the law– Understanding of the application of the code of

ethics• Draws from cases published in the blue pages

(disciplinary section) of Engineering Dimensions, the provincial newsletter of the APEO

4. Engineering Intern

• First step in the licensing process• Post-nominal letters EI• Limited ability to practice under the

supervision of a P.Eng to gain the required 4 years of experience

• Up to 12 months of your undergraduate post-second year experience can count towards the 4 years

5. Professional Engineering License

• Post-nominal letters P.Eng• Stamp, to certify drawings have met with

approval (must be signed to be valid)• 4 years of practice + CEAB

Degree/International Experience and Exams + PPE + References of Character = License