why do cells divide? growth repair replace dead cells
TRANSCRIPT
Why do we age?
Eventually cells stop being replaced
“Apoptosis” Cell death
“We die because out cells die.” William R. Clark
“C” Terms Chromosomes
Long threads of genetic material
Found in nucleus
Chromatid One side of a
duplicated chromosome
“C” Terms
Centromere Structures that
hold sister chromatids together
NOTE 2 sister chromatids
= 1 duplicated chromosome
Cell Division in a Nutshell Before:
Chromosome duplicates = 2 sister chromatids
During: Sister chromatids separate
After: 2 “daughter” cells Genetically identical
Interphase
G1 Phase Cell Growth
8-10 hours S Phase
DNA replication Chromosome replication
6-8 hours G2 Phase
More Cell Growth Centriole replication
4-6 hours
Mitotic Phase
Mitosis Division of nucleus (chromosomes) Occurs after interphase
Cytokinesis Division of cytoplasm
Creates 2 daughter cells Occurs at the end of mitosis
Metaphase
Spindle fibres attach to centromeres
Duplicate chromosomes line up at equator Guided by spindle
fibers
Telophase
Chromatin reappears Nuclear membrane &
nucleolus reappear Cytokinesis occurs
Result Two daughter cells
Cytokinesis
Why would it occur differently in animal and plant cells?
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall!
Cytokinesis
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Cell membrane pinches inward
Creates cleavagefurrow
Think: Pull a string around a
balloon
Cell Plate forms between two new nuclei
Becomes cell wall
Plant vs. Animal – Another Difference? Centrioles not present in
plant cells
What makes spindle fibers in plant cells? Form from cytoskeleton