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XjLnr]o/ & ;lqmo k|of]ustf{sf nflu cfwf/e"t xft] XjLnr]o/!@=@@=)#

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(dWod÷kl/is[t k|sf/sf] xft] XjLnr]o/!@=@@=)#

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ljsf;qmd;':t ePsf afnaflnsfsf nflu ljz]if ;fdu|L

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√ cfkm"nfO{ cTofjZos nfUg] ( ;fdu|Ldf

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xft] l8lh6n DoflUgkmfo{;\@@=)#=!*

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#* kL;L DoflUgkmfo{;\

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kbf{sf] ;fdu|L k9\g] pks/0f@@=#(=!@

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lel8of] ;~rf/ pks/0f lel8of] ln+sdfkm{t\ cGt/lqmof

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k|of]ustf{n] cfjZostf hgfpg] kmf]6f]df OFlut ub{5g\ of clek|fosf] j:t' 5flkPsf] kmf]6f]df kl/jt{g ub5{g\

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ljB'tLo PP;L

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cfd'Gg];fd'Gg] ;~rf/sf] ;km\6j]o/@@=@!=!@

k|tLs of kf7df cfwfl/t eO{ jrg of df}lvs ;~rf/sf] k"/s of k|ToIf ;~rf/sf] ;km\6j]o/ ☐

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k|tLs pTkfbg ug{] ;km\j]o/

;~rf/ JolQmut Go"g÷u}/k|fljlws ;~rf/sf pks/0f –h:t}, ;~rf/ kf6L÷k':ts÷sf8{sf] pTkfbg ;+ej t'NofpF5

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^( PP;L PK;\ ;xh ;~rf/sf nflu :df6{ kmf]gdf a9f]Q/ tyf j}slNks ;~rf/ -PP;L_ PK;\sf] k|of]u

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;xfos;fdu|L/

&) x]8 dfp; kIf3ft ePsf JolQmnfO{ 6fpsf]sf] xnrnaf6 ;fdfGo 6fOlkª, skL / k]i6

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10

cfkm"nfO{ cTofjZos nfUg] $ j6f ;fdu|Ldf√ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .

उपकरण

h:tf sDKo'6/sf sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5

&! x]8 dfpy l:6S;\@@=!*=!%

6fpsf] of d'vdf c8\ofOPsf] oGq h;nfO{ lsaf]8{ ;xfos, k]lG;n xf]N8/, ;~rf/ af]8{ k|of]u ug{ / kfgf kN6fpg k|of]u ul/G5

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lsaf]8{ P08 dfp; ODo'n];g ;km\6j]o/@@=#^=!*

pks/0fsf] l:qmgdf lsaf]8{sf] k|lt?k t}of/ u/L of dfp; kf]OG6/sf] ultljlw /÷jf lSns ug{] sfo{ lgoGq0f ug{] ;km\6j]o/

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11

%= संज्ञानात्मक÷1fg;DaGwL

If]q;fdu|Lsf]] gfd -cfO{P;cf] sf]8_ ljj/0f

w]/} k|of]udf NofOg]

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k;{gn l8lh6n cl;:6]G6@@=!*=)^

Aof6/Laf6 ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] x'gfn] st} klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] sDKo'6;{ h;df :df6{kmf]g / 6\ofAn]6 h:tf df]afOn kmf]g klg kb{5g\

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d]df]/L ;xfos;fdu|L/उपकरण

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/]s8{;{\ -l8S6fkmf]g_@@=!*=)*

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&%

sfo{;lxt klxn]g} k|f]u|fd ul/Psf] 38L

k|of]ustf{ of x]/rfx ug{] JolQmn] Wjlgo'Qm cnf{d of P;PdP; cfpg] u/L k|f]u|fd ug{ ;lsg] 38L h;n] 38L wf/snfO{ s'g} sfo{ ug{'kg{] ;Gb]z lbG5

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&^

cf}iflw ;+of]hs@@=!*=)^

k|of]ustf{n] cf}iflw lnP ls lnPgg\ eGg] hfgsf/L /flv/fVgfsf nflu lgwf{l/t v'/fs e08f/ ug{] ljz]if efF8f

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;do;DaGwL ;fdu|L/उपकरण

&& leh'cn 6fOd/

k|of]ustf{nfO{ sfd hf/L /fVg, ;Sg, w}o{tfsf ;fy s'g{nufot cGo ljleGg sfo{df d2t ug{ k|of]ustf{ of ;xfosn] ;~rfng ug{]

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&* ;do hgfpg] उपकरण

;do -jif{, Ct', dlxgf, ut], af/, lbgsf] ;do, 38Lsf] ;do_ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] pTkfbg ☐

&(;do Joj:yfkg;DaGwL उपकरण@@=@&=!%

ljleGg 36gfx?nfO{ ;doqmddf cg';f/ ldnfpg tyf 36gfx? / lqmofsnfksf nflu ;do lgwf{/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] pTkfbg

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:yfg lgwf{/0f;fdu|L/उपकरण

*) kf]6{]an hLkLP; 6\o|fs;{\

ljleGg cfsf/k|sf/sf / Aof6/Ln] ;~rfng x'g] ;fgf kf]6{]an hLkLP; oGq

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*! hLkLP; :yfg lgwf{/0f घड़ी÷:yfg lgwf{/s

hLkLP; 6\o|fs ug{] oGq h;nfO{ 38Ld} of cGo s'g} af]Sg ldNg] j:t'df ;d]l6Psf] x'G5

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12

√ cfkm"nfO{ cTofjZos nfUg] ( j6f pTkfbgdf √ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .

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j:t'sf] :yfg lgwf{/s

;fdfGo ?kdf 3/df x/fO/xg ;Sg] j:t' h:tf] ls ;fFrf], rZdfsf] a6\6f cflbsf] :yfg kQf nufpg ;xof]u ug\{ of lglZrt ul/Psf] If]q aflx/ To:tf ;fdfg k'u]df k|of]]ustf{nfO{;r]t u/fpg] oGq

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lbzf1fg;fdu|L/उपकरण

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kf]6{]an lbzf1fg ;xfos oGq÷उपकरण

Ps :yfgaf6 csf{] :yfgdf k}bn hfgsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] pTkfbg!@=#(=)^

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*$kf]6{]an ofqf ;xfos oGq÷ उपकरण

k|of]ustf{nfO{ Ps :yfgaf6 csf{];Dd ofqf ug{ ?6sf] tYof+s tyf ;fj{hgls oftfoftsf] ;]jf, e'QmfgL tyf aflx/sf] lbzf1fgsf] hfgsf/L lbO{ ;xof]u ug{] pTkfbg

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;~rf/ tyf eflifs;fdu|L/उपकरण

*% ;/nLs[t df]afOn

kmf]g

;lhn};Fu k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] df]afOn kmf]g h:t} ;lhnf] OG6/km];, kmf]g ug{ / d];]h k7fpg ;xh agfpg] 7"nf a6gx? cflb

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zAb k"/f ug{] k|f]u|fd@@=!@=@$

k|of]ustf{n] 6fOk u/]sf z'?sf s]xL cIf/sf cfwf/df k"/f zAb cg'dfg ug{ ;Sg] k|f]u|fd

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*& kmf]6f]df cfwfl/t

lbzf1fg ;km\6j]o/k"j{lgwf{l/t b}lgs hLjgsf sfo{x? qmlds ?kdf k|To]s sfo{sf] kmf]6f]sf] k|of]u ub{} u/fpg]

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cnf{D;\

**JolQmut cfktsfnLg cj:yf cnf{d उपकरण@@=@&=!*

JolQmut cfktsfnLg cj:yf cfOk/]df k|of]ustf{nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] of cGo JolQm of ;]jfaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt ug{] k|of]ustf{n] ;~rfng ug{] of :jrflnt pks/0f

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*( kmn l86]S6;{\

kmn l86]S6;{\ JolQmn] wf/0f ub{5g\ / s]xL bafa k/]df /÷jf wf/s xnrn gu/L ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yf ePdf x]/rfx ug{] JolQmnfO{ hgfp lbg]5 . o;kl5 o; pks/0fn] x]/rf/ ug{] JolQm of lgu/fgL s]Gb|nfO{ cnf{d k7fpF5

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()d]l8sn cn{6 kl/ro kq :df6{ kl/ro kqn] lrlsT;sLo cj:yf /

cfktsfnLg ;Dks{sf] ljifodf hfgsf/Lsf] ;~rf/ u/fpF5

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13√ cfkm"nfO{ cTofjZos nfUg] ( j6f pTkfbgdf

^= kl/j]z

If]q ;fdu|Lsf]] gfd-cfO{P;cf] sf]8_ ljj/0f

xft]/]lnª / ;dfTg] af/

(!xft] /]lnª / cf8 lbg] af/!*=!*=)#

leQf, e'OF of cGo l:y/ 9fFrf;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;fdfGot l;ln08/ cfsf/sf] af/ h;n] JolQmnfO{ cf8 lbG5 of ;Gt'ngdf /fVg] cfwf/ lbG5

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Xof08 af;{\ / Xof08lu|K; -hf]l8Psf] of x6fpg ldNg]_!*=!*=)^÷ !*=!*=!)

;Lwf of sf]0f k/]sf] af/ h;n] Ps JolQmnfO{ l:ylt kl/jt{g ubf{, pleFbf / lx8\bf cf8 lbG5 ☐

:gfg ug{ ;xof]uL x'g] ;fdu|L/उपकरण

(# :gfg ug{] s';L{)(=##=)#

g'xfpFg a:bf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] kfª\u|f ;lxt of /lxtsf] jf6/k|'km s';L{ of :6'n . o;df s';L{sf] xft, P8h:6]an prfO agfpg ldNg] v'6\6f / 9lNsg] ;'ljwf klg x'g ;S5 .

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($ :gfg÷;fj/ l;6\;)(=##=)# :gfg ubf{ of ;fj/ lnbf a:g ;xof]u

k'¥ofpg] pks/0f ☐

zf}r sfo{nfO{;xof]u ug{] ;fdu|L/उपकरण

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6f]On]6 l;6 /]Oh;{\)(=!@=!%

वृसि1 गनु2] 6f]On]6 l;6 h'g -WC]_ Kofgaf6 ;lhn} x6fpg ;lsG5 ☐

(^ sdf]8 s';L{x?)(=!@=)#

afy?daf6 6f9f zf}r ug{'kbf{ k|of]u x'g] o;}df hf]8]/ agfOPsf] kmf]x/ hDdf ug{] aS;f;lxtsf] kfª\u|f ;lxt of /lxtsf s';L{x?

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vf6x? (& bafaaf6 /fxt lbg] ub\bL)$=##=)^

x8\8Ldf aflx/ lg:sbf k/]sf] bafanfO{ jl/kl/ ljt/0f u/L bafaaf6 x'g] 3fp x'gaf6 /f]Sg]

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XjLnr]o/sf ;xfos

(* bafa sd ug{] ub\bf÷ तहिकया)$=##=)#

lgt+ax?df k/]sf] bafa k'glj{t/0f u/L l6:o"nfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] pks/0f

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14

;fdu|L/उपकरण

(( kf]6{]an ¥ofDK;\!*=#)=!%

rnfpg ldNg] 9nfg k/]sf] ;tx h;n] b'O{ txaLrsf] vfnL 7fpF 9flslbG5÷भि4रालो परेको ठाउ

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!))

:nfl8ª af]8{;\, :nfl8ª Dof6\; / 6lg{ª l;6\;\!@=#!=)#

JolQmsf] al;/x]sf] of klN6/x]sf] cj:yfdf lrlKng] tl/sf nufP/ pQm cj:yf kl/jt{g ug{] pks/0f ☐

15