who owns the forests? a new international study · 2020. 8. 24. · management. facesmap: “forest...
TRANSCRIPT
F O R ES T S
Who Owns the Forests? A new international studyAnna Lawrence
Institute of Chartered ForestersNational Conference 2019
10 April 2019
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owners management
UNECE and FACESMAP
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FORESTS
UNECE: the Economic Commission for EuropeThe ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section supports developing evidence-based policies for sustainable forest management.
FACESMAP: “Forest Land Ownership Change in Europe: Significance for Management and Policy”A Cost Action led by BOKU, ViennaFunded by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
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Data now available at: https://w3.unece.org/PXWeb2015/pxweb/en/STAT/STAT__26-TMSTAT1__080-FO17_FO
What is ‘forest ownership’?
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FORESTS
FAO Forest Resources Assessment definition: “the legal right to freely and exclusively use, control, transfer, or otherwise benefit from a forest.”
But: most owners don’t have all those rights:
1. Access rights (rights to enter forest land); 2. Withdrawal rights (rights to harvest or remove timber, firewood and NWFPs); 3. Management rights (rights to plan internal forest activities and transform the forest);
4. Exclusion rights (rights to prevent others from accessing and harvesting wood or NWFPs); 5. Alienation rights (rights to sell forestland and forest products as well as to lease or sell
management and exclusion rights)
(Schlager and Ostrom, 1992)
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Forest owners
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An overview
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FORESTS
Public ownership in more detail
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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Russian FederationCroatia
LithuaniafyR Macedonia*
IrelandCyprus
IsraelTurkeyPolandLatvia*
SwedenSloveniaFinland
Greece*BulgariaAustria
SlovakiaNorway
Czech RepublicRomania*
United StatesGeorgia
NetherlandsSerbiaFranceIceland
PortugalAlbania
LuxembourgSpain*
GermanySwitzerland
CanadaUnited Kingdom
Belgium
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FORESTS
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
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Proportion of total area of private land owned by different types of private owners
individuals / families private businesses private institutions tribal / indigenous other private common
Private ownership in more detail
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Changing ownership
Changing ownership
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FORESTS
0%
100%
200%
300%
PUBLIC % change1990-2015
PRIVATE % change1990-2015
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Reasons for change:• Restitution• Privatisation• New planting
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Forest condition and utilisation
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Public forest
Private forest Comparison of net annual increment per volume of growing stock, in public and private forests
Forest utilisation rate
• Red line: harvest = net annual increment
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Forest administration and organisation
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Parcel size in public and private forests
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FORESTS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
< 10 11-50 51-500 > 500
Num
ber o
f for
est o
wne
rs (m
illio
ns)
Area
of f
ores
t (m
illio
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Size of forest holding (ha)
Private - Area
Public - Area
Private - Numbers
Public numbers
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Private forest managementFORESTS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Individuals & families Business entities Institutions Tribal & indigenous communities Other common ownership
Fore
st a
rea
(mill
ion
ha)
Owner Others Unknown
5 trends in forest advisory systems
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FORESTS
• from regulatory control to incentive and persuasion
• from a focus on timber production to wider ecosystem services (now plus biomass)
• more democratic, participatory and negotiated - peer-to-peer knowledge sharing
• from public to private sector• new communication tools complementing
face-to-face
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F O R E S T S
Professor Anna Lawrence [email protected] of the Highlands and Islands, Scotland10 April 2019 Institute of Chartered Foresters, Oxford
Thank you to:
Roman Michalak, Gerhard Weiss – co-leaders
Safia Aggarwal, Filip Aggestam, Philippe Deuffic, Diana Feliciano, Teppo Hujala, Max Krott, Gun Lidestav, Didier Marchal, Liviu Nichiforel, Sonia Quiroga, Dominique Reeb, Zuzana Sarvašová, Mirjana Stevanov, Jenny Wong, Ivana Živojinović - co-authors and photographers