who most wanted the treaty of versailles enforced? why? france, most damaged & all alone vs. ger
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Who most wanted the Treaty of Versailles
enforced? Why?
France, most damaged & all alone vs. Ger.
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What was Lenin’s solution to the economic problems the Communists faced after the
Russian Civil War?
New Economic Policy (NEP)
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Lenin's death led to a power struggle between whom?
Who was the victor?
Stalin & Trotsky, Stalin
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What was the main threat that fascist regimes
responded to?
spread of communism
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What do fascist rulers insist the individual must put
before everything?
the State
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How did Muss. become Prime Minister?
appointed by king after Black Shirts march on
Rome
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What did France do in 1923 when Germany fell behind
on repsarations?
occupied Ruhr
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How did this impact the German economy?
huge inflation, some unemployment
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Name 2 parts of the Nazi Party Platform.
repudiation of T of V, unification of Austria &
Germany, eradication of Jews, agrarian reform,
confiscation of war profits, etc.
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What was the first attempted takeover by the
Nazi Party?
Beer Hall Putsch (Munich, 1923)
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What did the Dawes Plan do?
restructured rep pay back (tied to Ger. economy)
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Name 2 of the key causes of the Great Depression.
Crisis in currency & investments, commodities crisis, lack of leadership
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How did the crash of ‘29 affect U.S. investment in
Europe?
stopped it
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Why couldn’t farmers pay their debts in the ‘20s?
glut of agricultural goods in market
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How did most European gov’ts respond to the Great
Depression?
cut spending, wage & price controls
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Who rose to power in response to the Great
Depression in Germany? Who did they use as
scapegoats?
Nazis, Jews and Communists
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What did Hitler blame on the Communists & use as an excuse to expand his
power?
Reichstag Fire
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What act of terror made the Nazi anti-Semitic program a
clear reality?
Kristallnacht
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What was the name of Hitler’s elite secret police
force? Who led it?
SS, Himmler
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What kinds of propaganda were used by the Nazis? Who was their minister of
propaganda?
marches, rallies, radio, print; Joseph Goebbels
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What was the Nazis’ economic policy?
Gear all production toward strong military state
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What instrument guided the Soviet economy between
1927 & 1942?
the Five Year Plans
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What did these plans call for?
rapid industrialization w/ specific goals for
production
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How did the plans expect to pay for these increases?
grain exports from collectivized farms
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What class strongly opposed collectivized
farming?
kulaks
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What was done to those who opposed?
death or imprisonment
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What was the cost of this industrialization?
millions of deaths, lack of economic equality, years
of self denial
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What was Stalin’s goal in the great Purges?
eliminate all opposition w/in the Party (old
Bolsheviks)
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What old empire had controlled the Middle East
for hundreds of years prior to 1900? What event
brought the collapse of this empire?
The Ottoman Empire, WWI
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How did the Ottoman gov’t respond to the uprising of
Armenian Christians in 1915?
They killed 600,000 Armenians and sent
500,000 more into exile
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What leader took over Turkey at the end of WWI and allowed for the official
end of the end of the Empire? What was his
biggest reform?
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, make Turkey a secular
state, free from connections with Islam
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What resource was discovered in Persia that
served to increase foreign interest?
Oil
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Name at least two of the new “states” created in the
Middle East after WWI?
Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan
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What was the first new kingdom created by Arabs in
the Middle East? What specific industry brought
great wealth to this kingdom in the 1930’s?
Saudi Arabia, the American oil industry
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In what part of the former Ottoman empire is there a
great deal of tension today? Who is the tension
between?
Former Palestine; Arab Palestinians and the
Israelis
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Who took over leadership of the Nationalists after Sun Yat Sen’s death?
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai Shek)
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Who did Jiang Jieshi identify as the two major
enemies to Chinese unification in the late
1920’s ?
the Communists and Japan
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What is the basic message of Mao’s Four
Slogans?
do the opposite of what the enemy wants/expects
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What was Mao’s “Long March”?
when Mao and the communists broke the nationalist siege and
marched north to their only remaining base
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Why did Jiang feel the peasants were not ready
for a republic?
They were very poor and illiterate
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Why did Jiang suppress all opposition and censor
free expression?
he feared Communist influence
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Sum it all up by identifying 3 of the major
problems China faced during the 1930’s.
the Great Depression, Japanese aggression,
internal conflict (comms vs. nats)
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Where did Gandhi receive an education that
emphasized nationalism and self-reliance?
Great Britain
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Where was Gandhi when his eyes were opened to racial
injustice?
South Africa (and its policy of Apartheid)
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How did Gandhi respond to the massacre at Amritsar?
Launched his first major campaign of non-violent
passive resistance
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What kind of things did Gandhi encourage the Indians to do in their
resistance of the British?
Boycott, refuse to pay taxes, refuse to work for
the British
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What event exposed the British to a great deal of
outrage from the rest of the world?
The march on the slat mine
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When will India finally get it’s independence?
In 1947, after WWII