who are the palestinian people? essential questions: who are the palestinian people? how did the...
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Who are the Palestinian people?ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:•Who are the Palestinian people?•How did the Palestinians become a people without a state?
Maya Chavez Akin, MAT Candidate 2014, HI1978, Brown University
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Essential Terms & Dates
•Sykes-Picot Agreement •Balfour Declaration•British Mandate•May 14, 1948•al-Nakba
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Who are the Palestinians?
• Indigenous Arab people of Palestine
• Population of 9 million (2005)• Since 1948, 3 broad segments:
• Palestinians in Israel,• Palestinians in the West Bank &
Gaza • Palestinians in exile.
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Arab Context
• Geographical & social bridge between Mashreq (Arab East) and Maghreb (Arab West)
• Palestine = sacred to Arab Muslims, and Arab Christians
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How did the Palestinians become a people without a state?
Under Ottoman Empire, Palestine = geographic region, not distinct district.
1916, Sykes-Picot Agreement made in secret. Divided Ottoman territory btw. Britain and France
1917 – 1948, Palestine ruled under British Mandate
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Palestine under British Mandate
• 1917 Balfour Declaration: Britain promises to make a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
• British policy encourages Jewish immigration to the region.
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al-Nakba (The Catastrophe)
How did the Palestinians become a people without a state?
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End of the Palestinian Mandate
July, 1946: •Jewish revolt against the British mandate in Palestine. •Blow up King David Hotel – HQ of British in Jerusalem.
November, 1947: UN partitions Palestine into an Arab-Jewish state
Israeli forces defeat Palestinians; support from other Arab states arrives too late
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May 14, 1948: Zionists declare state of Israel
May 14, 1948
(Left) Ben-Gurion, first Prime Minister of Israel, declares the state’s independence
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1948: al-Nakba (The Catastrophe)
Beginning of 1948 •Arabs = majority in Palestine•Arabs owned roughly 90% of land
March – October 1948 •Israelis force more than ½ Arab population (over 750,000 to flee)•Roughly 150,000 Palestinians remained
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Palestinians in Israel• After 1948, Palestinians not
allowed right of return• Population that remained in
Israel increased• Not given citizenship• Continued to be displaced
from land• Movement within country
restricted
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REVIEW OF KEY INFORMATION
•Sykes-Picot Agreement •Balfour Declaration•British Mandate•May 14, 1948•al-Nakba
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What does it mean not to be an Israeli citizen?
(Above) Palestinians stand in line at an Israeli checkpoint.
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Sources:
Farsoun & Aruri. Palestine and the Palestinians.
Khalidi. The Iron Cage.
Robinson. Citizen Strangers: Palestinians and the Birth of Israel’s Liberal Settler State.