whii: sol 4a-f age of exploration. factors contributing to the european discovery of lands in the...
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WHII: SOL 4a-f
Age of Exploration
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Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere
• Why did Europeans go exploring?• Demand for gold, spices, and
natural resources in Europe–Used to flavor and preserve food,
make medicines and perfumes
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Factors (Continued)
• Support for the diffusion of Christianity–Spread of Christianity thru missionaries
• Political and economic competition between European empires–Increased of trade and control of new
lands=WORLD POWER!!!!!
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Factors (continued)
• How were Europeans able to go exploring across oceans?
• Innovations of European and Islamic origins in navigational arts– Mapmakers (cartographers) more accurate maps– Compass– Better ships– Astrolabe (to determine latitude)
• Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator
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Prince Henry the Navigator• Led the way in sponsoring
navigation in Portugal• Saw promise in Africa
(convert Africans, gain control of riches dominated by the Muslims)
• Hoped to find a maritime route to Asia by going around Africa
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Prince Henry the Navigator• Gathered scientists, cartographers, and experts to
adjust maps, design ships, and trained captains and crews
• Portuguese slowly made their way down the west coast of Africa
• 1460-Prince Henry dies• 1488- Bartholomew Dias rounds the Cape of Good
Hope
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Group Work• Students will work in 7 groups to
create the “notes” for an explorer.–Country of origin–Country they sailed for– Important Dates–Where did they explore?–2 important contributions (at least)
• These will be presented to the class
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Establishment of overseas empires and decimation of indigenous populations
• Portugal: Vasco da Gama• Spain: Christopher Columbus, Hernando
Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan• England: Francis Drake• France: Jacques Cartier• Atlas pgs. 68-69, 76
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Vasco da Gama• From: Portugal• Sailed for: Portugal• Explored: Cape of Good Hope, India (Calicut)• Dates: – 1497-sailed around Cape of Good Hope– 1502-forced treaty with Calicut
• Contributions: confirmed Portugal as a world power, established a trade empire in Indian Ocean
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Christopher Columbus• From: Italy (Genoa)• Sailed for: Spain• Explored: Caribbean (North America) (West Indies)
• Dates: 1492-discovered North America• Contributions: established Spain as a major
power in “New World”, discovered North America
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Hernando Cortez
• From: Cuba• Sailed for: Spain• Explored: Mexico (Central America) • Dates: 1519-landed in Mexico, 1521 captured
Tenochtitlan• Contributions: conquered Aztec empire,
decimated the population
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Francisco Pizarro
• From: Spain• Sailed for: Spain• Explored: South America• Dates: 1532 arrived in Peru• Contributions: captured Incan empire, killed
Atahualpa (ruler)
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Ferdinand Magellan
• From: Portugal• Sailed for: Spain• Explored: the Pacific Ocean• Dates: 1522-circumnavigated the world• Contributions: 1st to circumnavigate the world
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Francis Drake• From: England• Sailed for: England• Explored: Atlantic and Pacific, 2nd to
circumnavigate the world• Dates: 1577- followed in Magellan’s footsteps
and circled the Earth• Contributions: 2nd to circumnavigate the
globe, pirate who stole from other nations and provided gave spoils to England
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Jacques Cartier
• From: France• Sailed for: France• Explored: Canada• Dates: 1534- began exploring eastern Canada,
discovered the St. Lawrence river• Contributions: claimed much of Canada for
France, discovered and named the St. Lawrence river
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• England• Ireland• Spain• France• Portugal• Italy• Iceland• Belgium• Denmark• Netherlands• Switzerland• Sweden• Norway• Finland• Germany• Poland• Austria
• Hungary• Czech Republic• Slovakia• Turkey• Russia• Atlantic Ocean• North Sea• Baltic Sea• Mediterranean Sea• Adriatic Sea• Bay of Biscay• English Channel
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