which of the following organisms are autotrophs? algae some bacteria plants some protozoans all of...
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Which of the following organisms are autotrophs?
algaesome bacteria
plantssome protozoansall of the above
The reactions of glycolysis occur in the
mitochondria
cytoplasmchloroplasts
nucleus
The coenzyme electron carriers produced in the Krebs cycle are
ATP and ADPPyruvate and acetyl CoA
FADH and NADHNAD and NADH
Which of the following is NOT a product of fermentation?
CO2
O2
EthanolLactate
What role does oxygen play in oxidative respiration?
no rolecombines with acetyl CoA
by-product of oxidation of pyruvatefinal electron acceptor in the
electron transport chain
During what stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP
synthesized?
glycolysisoxidation of pyruvate
chemiosmosisKrebs cycle
During the electron transport chain, H+ are pumped
out of the cellout of the mitochondria into the cell
cytoplasmout of the mitochondrial matrix into the outer compartment of the mitochondriaout of the cell cytoplasm into the matrix
of the mitochondria
Chemiosmosis generation of ATP is driven by
* phosphate transfer through the membrane
* sodium/potassium pump* difference in H+ conc on the two sides
of the membrane* osmosis and macromolecules
* none of the above
Energy is derived from all of the following EXCEPT
glycolysisKrebs cycle
Electron transport chainBeta oxidatin
The decarboxylation step of oxidizing pyruvate occurs in the
cytoplasmGolgi bodyribosome
mitochondria
Light consists of units of energy called…
electronsphotonsprotons
neutronspigments
Molecules that absorb light are called
enzymeselectron carriers
pigments photosynthesizers
absorbers
The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those that
convert chlorophylls into enzymesconvert enzymes into chlorophyllsconvert water into hydrogen and
oxygenconvert CO2 into reduced molecules
(sugars)only occur in the presence of nitrogen
In dark reactions, when CO2 is added to a molecule of RuBP
the product is
citric acidglucosePGALPGA
Pyruvate
Internal chloroplast membranes are organized into flattened
sacs called
microbodiesmitochondria
thylakoidsvesicles
Calvin Bodies
Which part of the chloroplasts contains the Calvin cycle
enzymes?
stromathylakoids
granaenvelope
cristae
A method devised by succulent desert plants to reduce the
problem of photorespiration is
C3 pathwayCAM metabolism
Calvin cycleLight reactions
Nitrogen fixation
During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?
*cyclic photophosphorylation*light reactions involving
photosystem I and II*carbon fixation
*Krebs cycle*O2 is not produced during
photosynthesis
Which of the following is mismatched?
*Photosystem I – uses the P700 molecule in its photocenter
*PGA is a 3 carbon compound*CAM plants – open their stomata during the
day and close them at night to avoid photorespiration
*C4 plants – expend ATP to concentrate
CO2 in bundle sheath cells
Which of the following is common to both cellular respiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis?
transfer of electrons to glucosechemiosmotic formation of ATPoxygen is one of the byproducts
mitochondria are essential organelles
must have light
Diploid individuals have a chromosome number of
N
2N3N
½ N
Chromosomes that are paired are called
somatichomozygoushomologoushomoerectus
DNA and protein freely floating about in the nucleoplasm is
termed
chromatidschromosomes
chromatinchromatography
The site of attachment in chromosomes is called the
centrobarometercentrotids
centromatincentromere
The pinching off of the cell membrane immediately
following mitosis is called
cytogeneticscytocalimetrics
cytokinesiscytoplasmic
Tetrads line up on the cell’s equator during what phase of
Meiosis?
Prophase IProphase IIMetaphase IMetaphase II
In which phase does the DNA replicate?
G1S
G2mitosis
cytokinesis
During the cell cycle, the cell spends most of its time in
mitosiscytokinesisinterphasecleavage
Crossing-over results in genetic recombination by
-reducing the original cell’s chromosome number by half
-mixing half the maternal chromosomes with half the paternal chromosomes-permitting the exchange of genetic
material between maternal and paternal chromosomes
During mitotic division chromosomes are pulled apart
by kinetochore fibers during what stage?
ProphaseAnaphaseMetaphaseTelophase
An allele that can be present but unexpressed “masked” is
redundantdominantfunctionalrecessive
The actual letters or alleles of an individual is referred to as its
blueprintgenotype
phenotypeallelotype
If a single gene has 3 or more alternative forms, they are
called
heterozygotesmultiple alleles
epistatichomozygotes
When chromosomes fail to separate during prophase and one cell gets and extra one while the other is deprived of one is called.
epistasisnon-disjunction
disjunctionautosomy
Humans who have lost even one copy of an autosome are
called
tetrasomicsmonosomic
trisomicsupersonic
Which of the following represents a test cross?
WW x WwWW x WWWW x wwWw x Ww
Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = Tall and t = short. What would be the phenotype
of a plant with the genotype PpTt?
purple flowers, tallpurple flowers, short
white flowers, tallwhite flowers, short
In a typical Mendel experiment on pea-seed color, if the dominant yellow seed-bearing
plant was crossed with the recessive green seed-bearing plant, the F2 generation will
show what ratio of each kind?
1 yellow: 3 green1 yellow: 1 green3 yellow: 1 green
seeds with patches of yellow and green
none of the above
Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall and t = short. Of
the 16 possible gamete combinations in the dihybrid cross,
how many in a hetero X hetero cross would be the phenotype
white, tall?139
16
In the F2 generation, the 3:1 phenotypic ratio is really disguised as a _______
genotypic ratio
1:2:12:1:11:1:24:0
In replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted by
ribaseligase
deoxasehelicase
Okazaki fragments are used to elongate
the leading strand towards the replication fork
the lagging strand towards the replication fork
the leading strand away from the replication fork
the lagging strand away from the replication fork
In a molecule of DNA, nucleosomes are connected by
telomereseuchromatinlinker DNA
replication units
The bond connecting one nucleotide with the next one along the chain is called a
C=C bondHydrophobic bond
Phosphodiester bondPeptide bond
_________________ prevent the loss of a part of a DNA molecule by consecutive
discontinuous synthesis.
TelomeresCentromeres
HelicasesLigases
With few exceptions, all nuclei of eukaryotic cells contain
-genes to specify the portion of the organism in which they are found
-all the genetic information needed for growing the whole organism
-all of the chromosomes except sex chromosomes which are in sperm and
egg-single stranded DNA
Which of the following statements are true in the Hershey-Chase experiments?
-DNA was labeled with radioactive phosphorus
-Protein was labeled with radioactive sulfur-The virus infected bacteria showed
radioactive phosphorus-The virus infected bacteria showed
radioactive sulfur-a, b, and c are correct
The fact that some viruses use DNA to direct their heredity was demonstrated
by-inding radioactive sulfur from a bacteriophage in a bacterium
-finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacterium in a bacteriophage
-finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage in a bacterium
-finding radioactive sulfur from a bacterium in a bacteriophage
The identification of the transforming principle proved that
dead bacteria are as lethal as live onesStreptococcus pneumoniae evolved
from PneumococcusGenetic information is contained in
DNAThere is no protein in chromosomes
Because of its tight packing, ___________________ is not readily accessible to
transcription.