where we’ve been – where we are –w here we’re...
TRANSCRIPT
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W H E R E W E ’ V E B E E N – W H E R E W E A R E – W H E R E W E ’ R E G O I N G
Truman (1945-1953) Eisenhower (1953-1961) Kennedy (1961-1963)
WW2 Ends (Atom Bomb)Cold War BeginsKorean WarMarshall PlanTruman DoctrineBerlin AirliftNATO$ to France
Massive RetaliationM.A.D.McCarthyism $ to Diem in S.V.CIA Covert Ops (Iran)Hungarian RevoltSuez CrisisCamp David w/ KhrushchevU2 IncidentRise of Castro
Flexible ResponseCuba – Bay of Pigs, Missile CrisisVietnam – Advisers to help S.V.
McCarthyism-HUAC“Rosie Riveter” goes homeHigh savings rates.Fair DealGI Bill
ConformitySuburbiaGender RolesInterstate Hwy ActBrown v. BoardLittle Rock 9Montgomery Bus BoycottFreedom RidersSCLC, SNCC
New FrontierCivil RightsWarren Court (extends past JFK)
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Were there two Americas in the 1950s?
• Use the photos you have been given to make preliminary piles and “labels” for the different realities Americans experienced in the 1950s.
• Note the people, places, and events that made each “America” distinct or significant.
• Play while working: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_2lGkEU4Xs
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n o t e s
E I S E N H O W E R : D O M E S T I C
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REWIND:TRUMAN AND A FAIR DEAL
• Liberal initiatives to solve nation’s economic and social post war problems
– New Civil Rights legislation
– Federal Housing Program
– Unemployment insurance benefits
– New tax cuts for the poor
– Federal funding for education
– A federal health care and health insurance program
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ENTER EISENHOWER:• Dynamic Conservatism
– Budget Cutting
– support for big business
– return to state and local control
• Dept’s of: Health, Education, and Welfare in 1953.
• Housing Act - 35,000 homes for low-income families.
• AFL and CIO merge (major labor unions)
• Federal Interstate Highway Act (because Commies)
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POSTWAR PROSPERITY
Continued military production (because Commies)
Servicemen Readjustment Act or GI Bill (Truman)
Technology and Mass Consumption – TV, typewriter, auto industry, etc.
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QUICK QUESTION1) THE EDITORS OF BUSINESS MAGAZINE FORTUNE
CELEBRATE AMERICAN AFFLUENCE (1955)
Read the document. As a group, generate at least 1 question to the author to either:– Clarify something that doesn’t make sense
– Challenge or call them out on something
– Contextualize what they’re talking about in terms of what else is going on at the time
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CHANGES IN SOCIETY
� Conformity - avoid standing out from the crowd.� Discuss: Why after World War II would Americans
feel the need to conform and go back to “the way things should be”?
� Suburbia (example – Levittown, NY)� Gender Roles -
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QUICK QUESTION2) “SUBURBIA: OF THEE I SING” (EXCERPTS)
Read the document. As a group, generate at least 1 question to the author to either:– Clarify something that doesn’t make sense
– Challenge or call them out on something
– Contextualize what they’re talking about in terms of what else is going on at the time
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CHANGES IN SOCIETY –describe gender roles…
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QUICK QUESTION3) “THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE” (EXCERPTS)
Read the document. As a group, generate at least 1 question to the author to either:– Clarify something that doesn’t make sense
– Challenge or call them out on something
– Contextualize what they’re talking about in terms of what else is going on at the time
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WHAT. THE. HECK.
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CHALLENGING CONFORMITY
� “The Beat Generation”� authors/musicians who
refused to give into conformity (original hipsters, forerunners of hippies.)
� Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsburg
� Betty Friedan: author of the Feminine Mystique and supporter of women’s rights.
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QUICK QUESTION4) “THIS IS THE BEAT GENERATION” (EXCERPTS)
Read the document. As a group, generate at least 1 question to the author to either:– Clarify something that doesn’t make sense
– Challenge or call them out on something
– Contextualize what they’re talking about in terms of what else is going on at the time
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•2nd Red Scare (McCarthyism)•The Beat Generation•Civil Rights
WHAT DO THESE TOPICS HAVE IN COMMON?
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Political: poll taxes literacy tests residency requirements
Social: Jim Crow laws white flight Emmett Till (1955)
Economic: lost jobs, cancelled insurance, denied loans
RACIAL TENSION IN THE FIFTIES
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CIVIL RIGHTS DURING
EISENHOWER
• SC: white primary unconstitutional (1944)
• Desegregation of military (1948)• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
- overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. • Rosa Parks - Montgomery Bus
Boycott (1955)– NAACP and MLK organized
381 day boycott– Bus integration federally required
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• MLK - Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1957) -continue non-violent protests
• Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) -Trained in Civil Disobedience.
• Little Rock 9 (1957)
– Governor tried to prevent integration of Central High School.
– 101st Airborne escort students to school
CIVIL RIGHTS9 of 10
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CIVIL RIGHTS
• Civil Rights Act OF 1960
– Strengthened CRA of 1957 with provisions to help with African American voter reg.
• Greensboro Sit-ins (1960)
• Freedom Riders (1961)
– to ensure integration on interstate buses was being enforced.
– Violence ensued
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MORE ON THIS LATER, BUT…If you wonder what role you would have played in the civil rights movement, look up. You’re in it right now.
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Were there two Americas in the 1950s?
• Use the photos you have been given to make preliminary piles and “labels” for the different realities Americans experienced in the 1950s.
• Note the people, places, and events that made each “America” distinct or significant.
• Do you need to make any adjustments? Final conclusions? Were there two (or more) Americas in the 1950s?
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QUIZ
Chapters 36-37
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VIDEO CLIP – CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S64zRnnn4Po
• This guy talks really fast – but this is packed with great images and a nice review of today’s content.