WHERE WE WILL GO TODAY

What is this Nexus?

Looking at the water user:

Agriculture

Energy

Cities – all of us!

Solutions?

Technology Helpers

Great examples

Policy imperatives

Some Basics on Water

Some smart new Water/Energy targets

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ONE PAGE ON SOME BASICS

Same water today as Dinosaurs

Few water problems at 1 billion population, lots at 7b

70 Rivers closing, Q and Q problems everywhere

South Africa –

50 years ago - less than 20 million – today 50m

double challenge of making good on an unequal past

Increased prosperity – higher use

Water- Unequal distribution time/space – natural endowment

South Africa – ½ rainfall

Uneven human access – depends on investment

1.5 – no water, no electricity, 900 m malnourished

South Africa – close to 100% served in urban areas 62%-(2%

overall

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100 YEAR PERIOD, A WATER MOLECULE

SPENDS.

98 years in the ocean,

20 months in ice,

2 weeks in lakes and rivers,

a week in the atmosphere

We don’t have a lot to work with.

We need it for everything ‘no water, no life’

Crunch points - – a nexus of issues?

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THIS NEXUS BUSINESS

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SONJICA – SOUTH AFRICA WILL CROSS

DEMAND SUPPLY LINE BY 2013

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8

RISING FOOD SECURITY CONCERNS

It takes a litre of water to produce every calorie, on average M A R G A R E T C A T L E Y - C A R L S O N ,

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HOW MUCH MORE WATER FOR CEREALS?

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Food demand doubles over the next 50 because of diet and population

Water Needs (ET) will double – without water productivity gains

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CROP CHOICES

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Crop choices – Israel’s has longtme leadership

in setting permissible crops by water uptake

here.

China is now doing this as well.

South Africa has real decisions to make on

irrigated water systems – and sugar cane.

How much GNP, how many jobs for how much

water?

ANSWERS DON’T ALWAYS IMPROVE THINGS…. BIOFUELS: INDIA:

AND IN 2030 (WATERSIM ANALYSIS : IWMI). GREEN SOLUTION WITH

BLUE IMPACTS

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O C T O B E R 2 0 1 1

% of potentially utilizable water withdrawn for human purposes

No water scarcity Approaching

water

scarcity

Water scarce

0% 60% 75% 100%

Water for food and feed today

Future water for

food, CA scenario

Water for biofuels*

*Assumes that 10% of gasoline demand is met by biofuels by 2030

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THE OTHER ENERGY DILEMMA

3bn people using traditional biomass for cooking and

heating, and the 1.4bn who lack electricity, “green”,

“sustainable”, “eco” and “clean”

1 billion still lack secure, accessible water.

2.5 billion lack safe sanitation.

Are there models that can be sold to everyone?. If

consumers and businesses are to be engaged across

the very broadest of fronts, the challenge needs to be

restated in terms that will resonate with everyone –

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WHAT HAS TO HAPPEN? 3 WAYS OF

LOOKING AT A SINGLE ANSWER # 1 – Integrate Water

Management

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#2 ANALYSIS USING AGGREGATED COST

CURVE (FOR INDIA, BELOW_

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Agricultural

Supply

Industry

Municipal

SOURCE: 2030 Water Resources Group

0.80

750

0.10

-0.04

0

-0.02 1,250

0.02

500

0.04

0.08

0.06

250 1,000

-0.06

Cost of additional

water

availability in 2030

USD/m3

Incremental availability

Billion m3

Reduced over-irrigation No-till

farming

Irrigated fertilizer balance

System of rice

intensification

(SRI)

Rainfed fertilizer balance Irrigated drainage Rainfed drainage Industrial levers

Drip irrigation Irrigated germplasm

Irrigated IPM Rainfed germplasm

Infrastructure rehabilitation

Genetic crop development - irrigated Last mile infrastructure

Rainfed integrated pest management (IPM)

Genetic crop development – rainfed

Small infrastructure Artificial recharge Sprinkler irrigation Reduce losses

Increase fertilizer use

Wastewater reuse Shallow groundwater

Large infrastructure

Aquifer recharge small Ag rainwater harvesting

Deep groundwater Municipal dams

Pre-harvest treatment National river linking project (NRLP)

Municipal

leakage

Rainwater harvesting

Post-harvest

treatment

On-farm canal

lining

Desalination

(reverse

osmosis)

Desalination

(thermal)

Gap in 2030 = 755,800 million m3

Cost to close gap = USD 5.9 billion

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#3 – MANAGE FROM THE GENERAL

PRINCIPLES BROAD BUT USEFUL

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1. Reduce demand for water and energy through increased water-

energy efficiency, better agricultural water and rationalized

municipal use

2. Invest in research and development into water, energy,

agricultural technologies

3. Develop and implement practical sustainability tools and

standards

4. Take an integrated approach to policy-making, planning and

management in the water and energy sectors – where possible,

agriculture

5. Policies promoting efficient use of resources and sustainable

practice need to be complemented by integrated incentive and

regulatory structures

HELPERS - TECHNOLOGY- METERS

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Smart meters –

radio transmitters in meters

real time data, even out demand,

early detection of leaks, calibrate the energy demand

flood indicators, groundwater quality

Malta is now totally smart metered,

iintegrating both water and power systems.

able to identify water leaks and electricity losses in

the grid,

plan investments, set variable rates, reward

customers

But the big issues: policies, acceptability,

communication

TECHNOLOGY HELPERS…..MEMBRANES

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lean Up Wastewater - Next use MUST define standard for CLEAN - this

is where energy is variable.

Desalination –

increase efficiency and reduce energy bill selective cleaning to

make water more usable in horticulture, or agriculture

Household Water re-use –

Gold Coast in Australia has changed building codes

allow grey water to be recycled, cleaned and recycled;

Xian University saves it campus high water bills Skyscrapers in

New York have tentative in this direction.

Important elements – municipal code changes,

public opinion, political leadership

CITIES AS THEIR OWN CATCHMENTS

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• Positive institutional, sector reforms, and improved water quality towards

more efficient and sensitive water uses and values

• policies recognizing inter-agency/multi-stakeholder cooperation and

coordination;

• enforcement and management,

• FROM traditional single objective spending TO investing in runoff

reduction and storm water management strategies with multiple

benefits.

• sewage and storm water and rainwater are valued as resources for

irrigation and other uses,

• reducing conventional water supply network and

• more water for environmental flows and ecosystem services.

• Livelihood opportunities of the various (peri) urban communities

QUEENSLAND AUSTRALIA – LUGGAGE POINT

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Queensland Govnment Completed June 2011 CH2M HILL

Full alliance partner for design, procurement, installation,

commissioning and operation

Treats wastewater to provide a reliable source of

water for power production, and to augment

drinking water supplies and to return water t

environment

Incorporates innovative treatment technologies

The Luggage Point plant is a major component of the Western

Corridor Recycled Water Project, undertaken to address acute

water shortages and continued population growth.

MASDAR , A SUSTAINABLE CITY IN ABU DHABI,

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

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led by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company. The City

will rely entirely on renewable energy sources, with a

sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology.

Initiated in 2006, the project is projected to cost

$22 billion

WPM PRINCIPLES FRAME WATER USE

The City’s water system uses water portfolio management principles to treat

all parts of the water cycle as potential resources. This approach

includes aggressive use of a variety of water sources, including

groundwater, seawater, surface runoff, rainwater harvesting, dew/fog

capture, grey water reuse, black water reuse, and resource recovery for

urine streams.

Planning for such intensive management requires infrastructure to support the

collection of waste streams and the distribution of water to serve specified uses,

which vary by source type.

GIPPSLAND WATER, VICTORIA AUSTRALIA

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Innovative water management strategy enables enhanced economic development, while conserving precious water resources

treatment technologies and energy recovery

community awareness about water conservation and sustainable water management\

• industrial and municipal effluent disposal in the Latrobe Valley region

• New 35 ML/day Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) wastewater treatment plant to treat effluent from Australian Paper municipal effluent from three communities

• Provide high quality reclaimed water for use within Australian Paper’s Maryvale plant, enabling plant expansion

• Upgrade of the Dutson Downs wastewater treatment facility to permit reuse of effluent

• Gogeneration and hydropower facilities to reduce the greenhouse gas impact of the project energy consumption

The Atotonilco Wastewater Treatment Plant

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• largest of its kind on the planet and one of the largest-ever Mexican works.

• provide wastewater treatment for 10.5 million inhabitants.

• Treated effluent will flow into irrigation channels for local farmers to use free of charge. • More than 90 percent of Mexico City’s

wastewater is currently piped north to Hidalgo state to be used untreated for alfalfa irrigation, which poses serious health and environmental problems.

The Atotonilco WWTP will provide a safe, reliable supply of irrigation water, conserving freshwater resources

START :MULTI-OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE

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• Colorado River is managed for many objectives, including water deliveries for agricultural, municipal, and industrial users, hydroelectric power, recreation, fish and wildlife, flood control, and water quality.

• performance of various water management strategies will be evaluated against metrics currently being developed for each of these objectives.

• A diverse group of stakeholders consisting of federal, state, tribal, and local interests is being assembled to define standardized metrics to evaluate risks to the various resources.

COLORADO, CONTINUES

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• evaluate current and future demands in the basin.

• evaluating and synthesizing demands

• Basin, non-consumptive demands such as hydropower,

recreation, instream flows, and cooling,

• projections to reflect scenarios of future growth, land use, water

use efficiency, and technology.

• Unique to this study, demands are being indexed for future

climate scenarios

• current and future imbalances in water supply and demand in the

Colorado River Basin and the adjacent areas of the Basin States that

receive Colorado River water.

• The Basin study is addressing the uncertainty in supply and

demands over the next 50 years, and will develop and analyze

adaptation and mitigation strategies to resolve the imbalances.

CH2M

WASTE WATER TREATMENT AND HARVESTING –

NOT NEW!

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. Namibia, the world leaders on SA doorstep

followed by Singapore, parts of China and even the

USA, starting in San Diego

. Rotterdam powers buses with waste water energy

recapture.

Sweden and Germany - ambitious directives to recycle

up to 60% of wastewater phosphorus,

½ returned to farms

rest to pastures or forest plantations.

France – this year – break even point.

POLLUTION CONTROL – BIG FOR SOUTH AFRICA

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Eutrophication -. The future can look different:

Urea Deep placement techniques add as much as 25%

to farmer income, increase the percentage of nitrogen

taken up by plants, and significantly reduce ‘normal’

nitrogen flow into water and soil – a main source of

the environmental problem of blue green algae,

eutrophication and nitrogen poisoning of soil and

water.

Literally millions of waste-fuelled gas methane burners

supply energy to rural areas.

IT’s not all Mega scale…Remember the

other Energy Crisis

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DECENTRALIZED WASTE WATER TREATMENT – ENERGY CAPTURE

Collection of 38 Case Studies on Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Now Available on the WaterWikiA suite of 38 CAPS case studies on decentralized wastewater treatment solutions from sanitation projects in Cambodia, Lao, Vietnam and Philippines is now available on the WaterWiki.

.

BREWERIES

John Baldwin, chairman of the REA’s Biogas Group, praised the Adnams Brewery and its project dedicated to producing biomethane from brewery and food waste. The brewery delivered its biomethane to the gas grid on 8 October 2010.

KENYAN PRISONS

• What are the benefits to the community and environment?

• Substitution of firewood with biogas as fuel in the prison reduces deforestation.

• Increasing the amount of rainfall and helping to reduce drought, which in turn helps to improve food security.

• Food security translates to improved health, which helps to improve economic prosperity in the community.

• Water used to transport the prisoners' waste to the biogas plant is recycled and can be reused for agricultural purposes.

BRIGHTON, ONTARIO – CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

Small city on North Shore Lake Ontario – faced with $10-15million bill to expand waste treatment

1999 – 6 hectare treatment wetland – 500K (seen as short term solution); also installed meters

Wetland (component of system) has kept city in compliance, reduced loading to by 20 T per year of combined BOD5, suspended solids, total P and N

110 bird species; 108 flowering plants; 29 species dragonflies, 10 mammals

LE SOLAIRE – 20 RIVER

TERRACE, NYC

27 story, 293 units

Consumes 35% less energy, reduces peak electricity demand by 65%, 50% less potable water

Rainwater collected for irrigation of green roof with water retention layer

10,000 gallon storm water tank separates sediment, treats water.

No uptake of city water for outdoor use.

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SIX MARSEILLES COMMITMENTS ON THE WATER-ENERGY NEXUS LINK

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TARGET 1 – WATER SHOULD SAVE ENERGY; TARGET 2 – DESALINATION SHOULD BE ENERGY CHEAPER.

Target 1 : Create a typology of measures implemented by public authorities and water utilities in cities totaling 500 million inhabitants, aiming at a minimal improvement of 20% of energy efficiency of municipal water and wastewater systems by 2020 compared to 1990 level.

International Water Association –( IWA) Paul Reiter - Ger Bergkamp

paul.reiter@iwahq.org -Ger.Bergkamp@iwahq.org

Target 2 - Target 2 : Create an Energy Task Force, and develop a guide allowing 20% energy reduction in desalination by 2015

International Desalination Association (IDA) Leon Awerbuch

letleon@comcast.net

TARGET 3 AND 4 – ISOLATED COMMUNITIES AND

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS

: BY 2020, BING WATER TO MILLIONS OFF-GRID FOR ENERGY

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Target 3 : communities will have access to drinking water

next to their residential location, through affordable

and volatility resilient energy sources

Electriciens Sans Frontières (ESF) Philippe Desroques p.desroques@laposte.net

Target 4 : By 2015, establish a conceptual and analytical

framework for evaluation and reporting of the energy

impacts on water

EDF Laurent Bellet

laurent.bellet@edf.fr

TARGET 5: HYDRO - TARGET 6 – OIL AND GAS

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: By 2015, with the aim to measure and guide sustainability performance in the preparation, implementation and operation of hydropower facilities in at least 20 countries covering the world’s five major regions, utilize a hydropower sustainability assessment tool, developed through a multistakeholder process,

and covering economic, social and environmental dimensions.

International Hydropower Association (IHA) Richard Taylor

rmt@hydropower.org;

TARGET 6 – A PLATFORM FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES, THEIR PARTNERS AND CUSTOMERS TO DISC USS WATER SPIN OFFS& gas professionals from International Oil Companies, National companies

Oil Companies, Service Companies & International Trade

Associations to drive responsible water management in oil &

gas exploration and production is operational. This platform

will address water use, impact, opportunities, assessing

performance

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