Where are we today with ventilation and infiltration

in buildings?Peter Wouters

Manager INIVE EEIGAIVC – TightVent - venticool

Structure of the presentation

Structure of the presentation

19731983199320032013202320531973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

ASHRAE

• ASHRAE was founded in 1894– Until 1954 it was known as the American Society

of Heating and Ventilating Engineers (ASHVE)• In 1954, it changed its name to the American

Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHAE)

REHVA

• Founded in 1963, REHVA, The Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations represents a network of more than 100 000 engineers from 26 European countries.

19731973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

First oil crisis

40 years ago? (…1973…)

• Most countries: limited interest and almost no knowledge on ventilation, air infiltration and indoor air quality

• Few countries were ahead: SE, CAN, NL, …• Start of IEA implementing agreement ECBCS:

Energy conservation in Buildings and Community Systems

1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

Indoor Air conferences• 1978 Indoor Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark• 1981 Indoor Air Pollution, Health and Energy Conservation, Amherst• 1984 Indoor Air '84, Stockholm, Sweden• 1987 Indoor Air '87, Berlin, Germany• 1990 Indoor Air '90, Toronto, Canada• 1993 Indoor Air '93, Helsinki, Finland• 1996 Indoor Air '96, Nagoya, Japan• 1999 Indoor Air '99, Edinburgh, Scotland• 2002 Indoor Air 2002, Monterey, California• 2005 Indoor Air 2005, Beijing, China• 2008 Indoor Air 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark• 2011 Indoor Air 2011, Austin, Texas• 2014 Indoor Air 2014, Hong Kong

1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

19731973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

1983

30 years ago (1983)

• ECBCS AIC (Air Infiltration Centre – Annex 5) running Annex 1 had indicated that many questions existed regarding air infiltration

• Policy in several countries: Built tight!• Airtightness was research topic in some countries• IEA annex 8 Occupants’ behaviour• IEA Annex 18 Demand Controlled Ventilation• In research and in some countries growing interest for

health and comfort

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Annex 8 Annex 9

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IEA EBC Annex 18Demand Controlled Ventilation Systems

(1987-1992)

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1986

AIC became AIVCThe ‘Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre’

Healthy buildings conferences1988 Healthy Buildings '88, Stockholm, Sweden1991 Healthy Buildings/IAQ'91, Washington, DC1994 Healthy Buildings '94, Budapest, Hungary1995 Healthy Buildings '95, Milan, Italy1997 Healthy Buildings '97, Bethesda, Maryland2000 Healthy Buildings 2000, Helsinki, Finland2003 Healthy Buildings 2003, Singapore2006 Healthy Buildings 2006, Lisbon, Portugal2009 Healthy Buildings 2009, Syracuse, New York2012 Healthy Buildings 2012, Brisbane, Australia

1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

• 1985: Seattle – USA• 1989: Vancouver – Canada• 1991: Nice – France• …• 2015: Hyderabad - India

1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

Environment• 1988 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC) is formed by UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

• A conference held in Toronto recommends a set of political targets to reduce anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide.– The conference recommends that by 2005,

industrialized countries should reduce their carbon dioxide emissions by 20 % compared to 1988 levels.

1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

19831973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

1993

20 years ago (…1993…)

• European Pascool project… first time focus on summer comfort control…

• European project NATVENT… renewed attention for natural ventilation strategies…

• Annex 35 Hybvent… focus on hybrid ventilation

• ISIAQ created in 1992

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EPIC conferences in Lyon

(1994 – 2006)

Energy Performance and Indoor Climate

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Environmental concerns

1997 Parties conclude the Kyoto Protocol in Kyoto Japan, in which they agree to the broad outlines of emissions targets.

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199320031973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

European Roadmap to 2050(COM(2011)112)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

Current policyPower Sector

Residential & Tertiary

Non CO2 Other Sectors

Industry

Transport

Non CO2 Agriculture

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During last 10 years? (2003 …)

• EPBD (European Energy Performance and Buildings Directive) (2003)– Also renewable energies directive and energy

services directive…• Much broader societal and political support

for firm actions

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200320131973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

Today (…2013…)

• EPBD recast (2010 – now under implementation)– Much more stringent – ‘cost-optimal’– Towards nearly-zero energy buildings

• Millions of airtightness measurements– Towards systematic testing…

• Concerns about quality of systems and workmanship

• Systems: interaction of functions and technologies

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Sustainabledevelopment!

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Team work

201320231973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

In 10 years from now? (…2023…)

• All new buildings in Europe should be NZEB– Will there be a difference between theory and

practice?– In any case strong driver for energy efficient

ventilation• Strong focus on renovation existing building

stock

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40

Max

imum

allo

wab

le E

-leve

l Developments today are TREMENDOUS

and ALMOST NO

LEARNING CURVE

Energetic quality

Quality of the system

Quality of execution

1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

A tremendouschallenge!

Energetic quality

Quality of the system

Quality of execution

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International collaborationInternational conferences

…

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202320531973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053

2053…

20131973 2053

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Conclusions

• We come from very far…• Impressive acceleration in terms of energy

efficiency and indoor climate requirements• Next 5…10 years will be very challenging and

uncertain• Are there volunteers for a presentation at the

2053 AIVC conference for an update?

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