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Page 1: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Where are Where are the forests the forests

of the of the world? world?

Page 2: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?
Page 3: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Where are forests in Canada?

Page 4: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

The Forest The Forest IndustryIndustry

Page 5: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Important FactsImportant Factson Forestry on Forestry

•Canada has 10% of the world's forests

•Canada has 402.1 million hectares (ha) of forest and other wooded lands

•This represents 41.1% of its total surface area of 979.1 million hectares

Page 6: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

• In 2003, Canada harvested 180.5 million cubic metres of roundwood.

• Annually, Canada harvests 0.3% of its commercial forest area (1 million ha were harvested in 2002).

Page 7: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

• A total of 19.2 million ha were affected by insect defoliation in 2003

• 3.3 million ha were lost due to forest fires in 2004

Page 8: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

• In 2003, an estimated 378 746 ha were planted with 509 million seedlings, and 17 651 ha were seeded.

Page 9: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

• Revenues from the sale of timber from provincial Crown lands are estimated to be $1.4 billion in 2003

Page 10: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?
Page 11: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

National Economic Importance

• The forest sector's contribution to the Canadian economy (GDP) was 3.1%, or $36.8 billion, in 2004

• Direct employment was 361 100 in 2004, or 2.3% of total employment in Canada: – wood industries, 185 800;– paper and allied industries, 103 800 – logging, 50 200 – and forestry services, 21 300– Employment is spread all across Canada but is

primarily in Quebec (115 300) – British Columbia (79 800) – and Ontario (94 300)

Page 12: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

National Economic Importance

• Canada's forests are the engine behind an industry worth about $80.3 billion.

• In 2004, shipments of pulp and paper reached a level of 31.2 million tonnes, (an increase of 1.7% from the previous year.)

• Production of softwood lumber was 82.7 million m3 in 2004.

• Tourism related to Canadian forests also provides a boost to Canada's economy.

Page 13: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

International Importance

• In 2004, Canada was the world's largest forest-product exporter (17.3%).

• Forest products were a major contributor to Canada's surplus balance of trade in 2004 ($34.4 billion).

• The total value of Canadian forest-product exports increased by 12.6% in 2004 to $44.6 billion. British Columbia accounted for $14.7 billion (33.0%); Quebec, $11.9 billion (26.7%); Ontario, $9.0 billion (20.1%); and other provinces, $9.0 billion (20.2%).

Page 14: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Commodities World Production1

Ranking 2004

Exports 2004 Destination

Total forest products - $44.6 B (100%) U.S. $35.5 B (80%)E.U. $2.5 B   (6%)Japan $2.4 B   (5%)

Softwood lumber Second (19.0%) $11.0 B (24.7%) U.S. $9.1 B (80%)E.U. $0.2 B   (2%)Japan $1.3 B (12%)

Newsprint First (21.5%) $5.3 B (11.9%) U.S. $3.9 B (74%)E.U. $0.5 B   (9%)India $0.2 B   (3%)

Wood pulp Second (15.2%) $7.1 B (16.0%) U.S. $3.0 B (42%)E.U. $1.4 B (20%)China $1.0 B (14%)

Other - $21.1 B (47.4%) U.S. $19.5 B (92%)Japan $0.4 B  (2%) E.U. $1.0 B   (5%)

1 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations data for 2004.

Page 15: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Commercial ForestCommercial Forest

• Forests with trees that can be harvested profitably

• Exist in warmer wetter areas (why?)

• Near transportation…water, rail, roads

Page 16: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Non-Commercial ForestNon-Commercial Forest

• Unlikely to be cut down for industrial use

• Northern tips of forest regions where temperature and precipitation are low

• Trees grow slowly or not at all

• Too far from markets and transportation to be economical

Page 17: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

How do How do you you

harvest harvest the the

forest? forest?

Page 18: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Three Main Types of Three Main Types of LoggingLogging

• Shelterwood LoggingShelterwood Logging

• Selective LoggingSelective Logging

• Clear-Cut LoggingClear-Cut Logging

Page 19: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Shelterwood LoggingShelterwood Logging

• Clear cutting only part of an old growth Clear cutting only part of an old growth forestforest

• Seed bearing trees are left standing so Seed bearing trees are left standing so they can regenerate the logging areathey can regenerate the logging area

Page 20: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Selective CuttingSelective Cutting

• Harvesting only mature trees of the Harvesting only mature trees of the desired size, type and qualitydesired size, type and quality

• Costly because of time and care takenCostly because of time and care taken

Page 21: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Clear-CuttingClear-Cutting

• Very Fast method of Very Fast method of logginglogging

• Cheapest form of logging Cheapest form of logging

• Every tree is removed, Every tree is removed, barren landscape is left barren landscape is left behindbehind

• Many negative Many negative environmental factors environmental factors associated with clear associated with clear cuttingcutting

Page 22: Where are the forests of the world?. Where are forests in Canada?

Sustained Yield PolicySustained Yield Policy??

This means that the volume This means that the volume of trees cut perof trees cut per year should year should equal the equal the volume of volume of wood grown. wood grown. (more trees (more trees must be must be planted planted than cut)than cut)

Re-planting area – 3 to 5 years old.


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