WMMW '13 Finland. Portugal

When Men Murder Women3 types of murder compared

Rebecca Emerson Dobash & Russell P. DobashProfessors Emeriti, Criminology, School of Law, University of Manchester, UK

#DobashWMMW

Rebecca Emerson Dobash & Russell P. DobashProfessors Emeriti, Criminology, School of Law, University of Manchester, UK

Scottish Womens Aid Seminar to coincide with the publication of When Men Murder Women, Oxford University Press, New YorkCity Council Chambers (Midlothian Suite)Edinburgh27 October, 2015

When Men Murder Women3 types of murder compared

Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 2WHEN MEN MURDER WOMEN

R.EMERSON DOBASHRUSSELL P. DOBASH

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS2015

CONTENTSPART I - Intimate partner murderPART II - Sexual murderPART III - Murder of older women

Each part contains three chapters:The knowledgeThe murder event - relationships, contexts and circumstancesPerpetrators - lifecourse, orientations and cognitionsDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 3WHEN MEN MURDER WOMEN

R.EMERSON DOBASHRUSSELL P. DOBASH

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS2015

Intimate partner murderMurder event relationships & contexts Perpetrators orientations & cognitionsDelilah- 50yrs of popular culture- stalking- perceived infidelity- possessiveness-victim blaming-changing the project-murder-lack of remorse, lack of empathy

Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 4International Rates of HomicideExplanationsMurder Study When Men Murder Women 3 types 1. Intimate Partner Murder (IPM) 2. Sexual Murder (SexM) 3. Murder of Older Women (OWoM)Compared with Male-Male Murders:Relationships, Murder Event, Lifecourse of perpetrators childhood/adulthoodConclusions & ImplicationsOVERVIEW.Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 5International Rates of Homicide per 100,000

Country20062008/2010Honduras..82.1Colombia61.133.4El Salvador56.466.0South Africa39.533.8Russia26.611.2USA.. (10.11990s) 5.9 5.0Switzerland 2.9 0.73Turkey 2.73Finland 2.8 2.3Scotland 2.6 2.3N. Ireland (5.2.1990s) 2.4 France 1.6 1.57England/Wales 1.6 1.33Canada 1.5 Italy 1.2 Spain 1.2 0.9Sweden 1.2 1.03Denmark 0.95Norway 0.65Ireland 0.6 1.2Japan 0.5

ExplanationsHistory violence against women/wives Socio-demographic -age, employment, disadvantageSocio-cultural -beliefs, male entitlement, mediaContexts and Situations -conflict, relationshipsCognition -thinking, emotions & actionPsychological attributes -personality & life courseFeminist gender relations, male privilege, power, control, jealousy, possessiveness

Dobash & DobashDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 7Murder Study (funded by ESRC, Economic & Social Research Council)Objectives: Examine ALL types of murder: pathways to murder contexts, situations, circumstances & murder events relationships between perpetrators & victims lifecourse of perpetrators - child, adult, at murder, in prison

3 Sources of Data: (quantitative & qualitative) - Homicide Index [official database for UK]- 866 Casefiles of murder: (786 men, 80 women)Sample from all men & women in prison for murder:England/Wales (n=3,000 men, 115 women) Scotland (n=500 men, 10 women)- 200 Interviews in 7 prisons across England & Scotland(Men=180, Women=20)Dobash & DobashDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 8Murder Event:Relationships of victims and offendersMurder Event, Circumstances, Situations, ViolenceLifecourse of men convicted of murder:Childhood-Family - School Social, Medical & Legal Services, OffendingAdult Life and Circumstances-Employment, Relationships, Problems/alcohol, Social ServicesPrevious Violence & Offending-Previous offending, Violence Against Women, Convictions Prison-Adjustment, Programmes, Remorse, Empathy, Change

Murder Study- Casefile & Interview dataDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 9SCOTLAND 2004-2014 All Solved Homicides, n=946(SOURCE Scottish Government, Homicide in Scotland, 2004-2014(note- 46% of all females killed were intimate partners, most perpetrators were male)

10MURDER STUDYAll murders committed by Men against Men & Men against Women, total=695

11WOMEN MURDERED BY MEN 3 Types of Murder Intimate partner, Sexual Murder, Older Women, (n=243) [*other=28]

12.

Intimate Partner Murder (IPM)& Male-Male Murder (MM)

13Context - Women/Wives Control, Punishment & ViolenceBranks for nagging women 16-18CFoot on her neck. Mens Shoe advert, 2013Dobash & Dobash

Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 14Murder Event Intimate Partner Murder & Male-Male Murder Dobash & DobashDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 15Childhood (pre16) IPMurder & M-M Murder

Dobash & DobashDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 16Adulthood IPMurder & M-M Murder Dobash & DobashDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 17Intimate Partner MurderOffenders: previous convictions no previous convictions

-specialize in violence to women: previous violence to woman who was murdered

-change the project from trying to keep woman partner to decision to destroy her for leaving

-fixed intention to kill

-collateral murders - children, protectors & new partners (n=62)

Relationships, Situations & Contexts:Relationships: tenuous prolonged conflictprevious violence to victim Possessiveness & jealousySeparation/ attempts to leave - Forced sex Choke/strangle- Use instruments/knives,etc..Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 18Sexual Murder (SexM)& Male-Male Murder (M-M).19Advertising using rape, 2013Dolce & Gabbana Gang rape

Drinks advert & rape

CONTEXT SEXUAL ASSAULT & RAPENormalized in Adverts for Men 201320Sex Murder, n= 98Relationship between Perpetrator & Victim

21Murder Event Sex Murder & M-M Murder Dobash & DobashDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 22Adulthood Sex Murder & M-M Murder Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 23Murder of Older Women (OWoM)&Male-Male Murder (M-M)..Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 24Older Women 16c English law against witches, power of women = trouble Burning witches 13c inquisition3 witches=darkness, chaos & conflictShakespeare - MacbethDobash & Dobash

Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 25Murder of Older Women, n=40 *Relationship - perpetrator & victim stranger/acq.Context of murder- (theft, n=19, 48%; sex, n=21, 52%)

26Murder EventMurder of Older Women & M-M Murder Dobash & DobashDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 27Adulthood-Murder of Older Women & M-M Murder Dobash & DobashDobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 28Overall - Relevant FactorsOffenders - lifecourseChild & Adult Problems:- Caretaking, school, early offending Under educated, unemployed Alcohol abuse Previous convictions - Violent offences (physical &/or sexual) - Problems with women include: Orientations to women Relations with women, Specialize in violence to women Male entitlement/privilege- Self oriented

Murder Event: Location - home Beat/strangle, clubs/knives Little/no remorse, empathy, responsibility Relationships-nature/consequence intimate partners, acquaintance/friend, relative, strangers-mens access/womens cautionSituations & contexts: Conflict [from none to prolonged] Alcohol drinking & drunkenness- separation, possessive, change project- seeking sex

.Dobash & Dobash Criminology, University of Manchester 29Publications - books(2015) When Men Murder Women, New York, Oxford University Press.(2000) Changing Violent Men. London:Sage. Dobash, Dobash, Cavanagh, &Lewis(1998) Rethinking Violence Against Women. London: Sage. Dobash & Dobash, eds.(1992) Women, Violence and Social Change. London: Routledge. Dobash & Dobash(1992) Women Viewing Violence, London:BFI. Schlesinger, Dobash, Dobash, &Weaver(1979) Violence Against Wives. New York: Free Press. Dobash & Dobash30Articles from murder study2012 Who died? Murder of collaterals related to intimate partner conflict. Violence Against Women, 18:662-671.2011 What were they thinking? Men who murder an intimate partner. Violence Against Women, 17:111-132.2009 Out of the blue: Men who kill intimate partners. Feminist Criminology, 4:194-225.2007 Onset of offending and life course of men convicted of murder. Homicide Studies, 11:243-271.2007 Lethal &non-lethal violence in intimate relationships. Violence Against Women, 13:329-353.2004 Not an ordinary killer-just an ordinary guy. Men who kill their intimate female partner. Violence Against Women, 10:577-605.31Articles - Dobash & Dobash, et. al.2007 The Murder of Children By Fathers in the Context of Child Abuse, Jr. of Child Abuse & Neglect, Cavanagh, Dobash & Dobash, 31:731-746. 2004 Womens Violence Against an Intimate Male Partner: Working on a Puzzle, British Jr Criminology, Dobash & Dobash, 44:324-349. 2001 Remedial work: mens strategic responses to their violence against intimate female partners, Sociology, Cavanagh, Dobash, Dobash, & Lewis, 35:695-714.2000 Evaluating criminal justice interventions for domestic violence. Crime & Delinquency, 46:252-270.1999 A research evaluation of British programmes for violent men. Jr.Social Policy, Dobash, Dobash, Cavanagh, & Lewis, 1998 Separate and Intersecting Realities, Violence Against Women: a comparison of mens & womens accounts of violence against women, Violence Against Women, Dobash, Dobash, Cavanagh & Lewis, 4:382-414.1992 The myth of symmetry in family violence. Social Problems, Dobash, Dobash, Wilson, & Daly, 39:71-91.32DelilahTom JonesGreatest Hits, track 42003Rock201624.92eng -

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eng - 000004CA 000007E3 0000158C 00001B6D 0000C367 00029855 00005C0D 00005293 00004E65 0000C37EChart1742Scotland - Male Victims n=742Scotland - Male Victims n=742204Scotland - Female Victims n=204Scotland - Female Victims n=204

Sheet1total=946Scotland - Male Victims n=742Scotland - Female Victims n=204742204

Chart1424Male-Male Murder n=424Male-Male Murder n=424271Male-Female Murder n=271Male-Female Murder n=271

Male-Male Murder, n=424 61%Male-Female Murder, n=27139%

Sheet1total=695Male-Male Murder n=424Male-Female Murder n=271424271

Chart1104Intimate Partner Murder n=104Intimate Partner Murder n=10498Sexual Murder n=98Sexual Murder n=9840Older Women n=40Older Women n=40

Intimate Partner n=105, 39%Sexual Murder n=98, 36%Older Women (age 65+) n=40, 15%

Sheet1total=270Intimate Partner Murder n=104Sexual Murder n=98Older Women n=401049840

Chart12941.216.328.619.54214.323.441.963.3

IPMurder n=105MxM n=424

Sheet1Parent Broken Rel3+ CarersAlco Abuse