When a germ enters the body this is how it goes...

The First Part• The first part of the

immune system is the skin. The skin acts as a primary boundary between germs and your body. It is a bulwark to germs!!

Another way that a germ might enter your body is through your

nose, mouth, and eyes. Your nasal passage is coated with mucus. The virus could get

trapped in the mucus. It then gets swallowed.

The Macrophage

•After a virus escapes through the skin, it encounters the macrophages. It tries to eat the antigen. This acts as the garbage. If the macrophage can not kill the virus it then calls upon the helper T- cells.

Helper T- Cells

• The helper T- cell identifies the virus. If the body has already had the virus then it is killed more quickly. But, if this is a new virus then the helper T- cells identify it as a foreign virus.

The B- Cells• Then the B- cells

come in. The B- cells are in action now. They create the antibodies that kill the antigen. They circulate the blood and attach themselves to the foreign germs. Then other cells know that they need to be destructed.

Killer T- Cells• The antibodies are

made according to what the virus is. After all of the antibodies are made then the killer T- cells come to kill the virus. The antibodies bind to the virus. This is the last thing that kills the virus.

While the T- cells are While the T- cells are killing the virus, the killing the virus, the

suppressor T- cells stop suppressor T- cells stop the fighting once the the fighting once the

virus is killed. If this is virus is killed. If this is a new antigen then the a new antigen then the

memory T-cells memory T-cells remember the virus. If remember the virus. If this same virus tries to this same virus tries to enter the body again enter the body again the memory T- cells the memory T- cells know what it is. The know what it is. The

virus can then be killed virus can then be killed faster.faster.

Bacteria

• Bacteria helps our bodies with digestion. Bacteria also helps us by destroying harmful organisms within our bodies

Bacteria

• There are more bacteria cells in our bodies than there are human cells

Bacteria

• Most bacteria cells will grow twice their size and split into daughter cells

Bacteria

• Bacteria are used to make cheese, milk, bread and lots of other things

Bacteria

• 99% of bacteria is helpful to the body

Bacteria

• Dead or weakened Bacteria and Viruses are used for making helpful vaccines

Bacteria

• Tetanus- failure of muscle

Bacteria

• Diphtheria- highly infectious bacteria causing weakness, high fever, difficulty breathing, and is harmful to the tissue to the hart

Bacteria

• Most bacteria is good for the body

Vaccines

What are vaccines?

Vaccines are dead or

weakened germs that are

injected into your blood stream in order to teach the body how to fend off that disease

How are vaccines made?

Vaccines are made by Vaccines are made by Scientists and doctors, Scientists and doctors, they weaken or kill the they weaken or kill the germs then inject them germs then inject them into the body. into the body.

These germs can be These germs can be killed by using killed by using chemicals, heat, or chemicals, heat, or radiation. Or they can radiation. Or they can be killed by making be killed by making them go through them go through layers of tissue,like layers of tissue,like that of a chicken eggthat of a chicken egg

How do vaccines work?How do vaccines work?

Vaccines work because they trick the body Vaccines work because they trick the body into believing that it is actually under into believing that it is actually under attack. The body fights back until it defeats attack. The body fights back until it defeats the virus and you become immunized the virus and you become immunized