-

#1 Priority In Wheat Managementis to be able to identify Growth Stages:

• Know Feekes' ScC)'e 1 through 11:

./ TiUering: ······.···...H ..... H.H 1~5

./ Stem Elongation: .H •••••• 6~10

./ Head Development: 10.1~10.5

./ Ripening: 11

• Growth Stages-nQ_t calendar date,determine optimum response.

Wheat-1

1_._.-_I·s:~~e~-

Stage10.5

tlowerinqStage

11"Profit Front Our

Experience"

Stage1

oneshoot

StageStage 3

2 tillerstillering formed, begins

Stage4

leafsheathslengthen

Stage5

leafsheathsstronglyerected

Stage6

firstnode

ofstem

visible

Stage7

secondnode

visible

Stage8

lastleafjust

visible

Stflge9

ligule oflast leaf

[ustvisibleI

FeeKe5scale

20-29 30 31 32 37 39 45 50 58 15-.,..100Wheat~2

Crop Production Services, Inc.• Allentown, NJ • 609-259~7204

Growth of Wheat (Gains in Dry Weight):

IItI

o Leaves [d 'Ch ff....... a....... IIGrain~ Stem Heads

12.0 = .._.." _. ,," __ .__._"_,.""".n,,.,,_." --" •.• " __ ."'_.'_ ,>""" __ .,_" •• - •• ' ,.

100 .. . , . . -- . -, . - .." - -

80 - , -". "",'.. ,. -... .. . . ._-

60.. tr~l .~

., " """ ..•...•...•. '- " .40 ,.". ""~«"«"«I ,t'):±),)y\I, " =, ",'" 11,

20 I

O I I I I I zL I I I 'I I I I I au ad.i i i - ,- -.- iF i

GrO'LOth.stage Tillering Begins

I

FeeKes 2scale

'----"r-- I ··----1--- ---1'-"'"''600t Flowering

Flag Leaf Visible Heading Do~gh

6 8 10 10.1 10.5 11.1.".11.2 11.4

Ripe

Dry matter production estimated by parts of the wheat plant and growth stages. Actual dry matter production by plant part and growth stage can vary with the variety,season, and geographic area. (Data for hard red winter wheat in Nebraska from R. P. Waldren and A. D. Flowerday, 1979, Growth stag~s and distriQiJtion of dry I1Uttler,N, P, and K in winter wheat. -Agronomy Journal 71: 391~397) . Wheat-3

Crop Production Services, Inc. '. Allentown, NJ • 609-259--7204

• 400/0 of N used between growth stages 4 & 6.

• Last time to apply N is at growth stage 5.

• Application Timing:./ Up Front or Split./ 60 Ibs. N up front, only: H......................................................................... 89 bu.

. / ./ 60 Ibs. N up front +. 50 Ibs, with fungicide application: ······102bu../ 60 Ibs. N up front +- 50 lbs., no fungicide: 84 bu.

• If only one pass being made, then do it at growth stage 5.

• If dry weather, then dilute 50/50 with water to prevent burn with HARMONY®.

• Shoot for 40 Ibs. N in fall to stimulate tiller foundation.

• ole wheat should receive one N credit for each bushel of beans.

• No-till wheat behind corn-Use a tye or G.P. drill to help betterreduce residue-aids in lowering disease pressure.

Wheat-4

• Wheat will respond to allPUcation of N, fungicid,e, and insecticide, but farmermust determine M.E..Y. ..

.t Disease ResiS.tance

.t Rotation Methods

.t Type Of Drill

• Three tillers needed before winter, for 100 bu. yield.

• Later dormancy can yield up to 20 bushels more.

• Seeding Rate- 711 rows need 20 seeds per 21 II of row.

Wheat-5

if,'

~-~,,",--,"-'~'---"-'--1

tAO~_'_1! •.6.oL- t.aoo~···-----j-O·· .--. -'. I~:j"-"-"··-19-.I-·-----2-3-.0------2-6-.8-· -- +: 3(}.6------·--~4A--i

R I 12.2 15.3' 18.4 2"-4 24.5 27.~7 I 10.7 1'3.4 16.1 18.7 21.4 24.14 I 6.1 7.7 9.2 10;7 1:2,,2 13.7

~.. ..·l···--·...Seeds/Pounds,

--------------...;.,-----------_. __ _- _--

807673

706764

62

59

57

55

53

52

50

48

47

46

44

4i40

Pounda 0' Seeds per Acl'~lOa 1'2!) 140 160 180

95 H4 B3 1'52 17191 109 t27 145 164

87 [04 t22 139 157

83.

100 117 133 I Sf)

80 96 112 128 144

77 92 108 123 138 !74 89 1041 119 133

I71 86 1O(1} !14 t29

69 83 97 110 124 t

!67 80 93 107 120 i

103 ihI

65 77 90 116 I.I. , ,

63 75 88 100 113 I6. 73 85 97 109 I

I

59 7t 82 94 106!

57 69 80 91 103

55 67 78 89 100

53 63 74 84 95

50 60 70 80 90I! I_______ .... 1... . . _

10,000

10,50011,000

11,50012.000

12.500

13.000

13.500

14.000

14.500

15.000

15,500

16.000

16,500

17.000

17,500'

18,000

19,000

20,000-----------_._-----_. - .....

Recommended seeding rate 1.500,000 seeds per acre whenseeding during optimum dates for the urea. Add 5% for eachweek seecti·ng is delayed thereafter,

Hea·vy Sotl~lay and muck Increaseseeding rate 10% to 20%.

UJ,:!ht Seil~s<tndly and sandy lournsUse nomlal ral'cs.

Medium sons-sift roams and' day learnsIncrease seeding rates 5% to IQl',Ir,.

O/;~Terra'

10

Components Of Wheat Yields tillering (Feekes stage 3). In spring wheat, this oc-curs by the, time the main stem has five to six leaves.,

Wheat yields are a direct function of:

Six Keys to Profi:tabl'e and EnvironmentallySound Wheal' Produ,ctilon

':\

.:-.

Crop RotatilQn'l

i:Crop rotation has a significant effect-on wheat·!health and! yields lDy givi1'il91natural enemies;

1time to' cestroy wheat pathogens and, in-l'sectS. Croll>rotation improves plant and root

health, assists in weed control', and allows formore- efficient production.

Break tlte Green BridgeVolunteer wheat, barley, and grass weeds

f, aetas hosts to certain insects and diseasesthat attack wheat. Kill'ing these plants at least2-3weeks before planting will help promotewheat healtlnland! yleldtpotentlal.

)

Match "nputsts Or.MII Stagiel

Apply nutriests wMemNir9'JDll:u:JtcaA'usethem, most. efficien~IY'. AID/illyir'rgi tne nutrients; too

early, or too late ca!ll1lead! to waste- andpollution Pesrieide appucations-are also tied

, to growth· stage' ot wheat and10r pests.

Marich fnpu,lsfa Yield Goa.

AppFy only enough mjtrients to match yoursite-specifIc' yi'el<1goat. Applying more nutri-ents than needed tol reach the attainableyield reduces profits ahd can cause environ-mental contamination:

Promote Ro'O' Healt.t.The number of tillers and! size of heads tha~a wneat pram cars suIi'I:90r1varies' with theheaJth of the root system. A health)#,'rootsystem efficiently uses wafel1and' nutrients.Root health is favored by crop rotation and:adequate soil fertility and pH revels.

Properly conditioned, certified seed oftenhas higher yield potentia] because of greatervigor andreouced disease andweed infesta-tion. The use 0' certified seed can reducepesticide and Wrage needs.

"