what’s new in lab & life sciences jun/jul 2013

JUNE/JULY 2013 VOL.24 NO.2PP100008671

The science behind the itch

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lab & LIFE SCIENCES

JUNE/JULY 2013

Your copy of What's New in Lab & Life Sciences is now available as an online eMag.

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04 Worm your way out of obesity

06 Single virus detection techniques for

faster disease diagnosis

14 The flight of the RoboBee

23 Now you know what makes you itch

30 Depressed brains out of sync with

the world

38 My Lab

© iStockphoto.com

/Sebastian Kaulitzki

4 WHAT’S NEW IN LAB & LIFE SCIENCES - June/July 2013 www.LabOnline.com.au

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Worm your way out of obesity

Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, have shown in a mouse model that infection with roundworms (nematodes) can not only combat obesity but ameliorate related metabolic disorders.

Gastrointestinal nematodes infect approximately 2 billion people worldwide, and some researchers believe up until the 20th century almost everyone had worms. In devel-oped countries there is a decreasing incidence of nematode infection but a rising prevalence of certain types of autoimmunity, suggesting a relationship between the

two. Nematode infection has been purported to have therapeutic effects and currently clinical trials are underway to examine worms as a treatment for diseases associated with the relevant cytokines, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and allergies.

In the US study, researchers tested the effect of nematode infection on mice fed a high-fat diet. Infected mice of normal girth gained 15% less weight than those that were not infected. Mice that were already obese when infected lost roughly 13% of their body weight within 10 days. Infection also drastically lowered fasting blood glucose, a risk factor for diabetes, and re-duced fatty liver disease, decreasing liver fat by around 25% and the weight of the liver by 30%.

The levels of insulin and leptin also dropped, “indicating that the mice restored their sensitivi-ties to both hormones”, says corresponding author Aiping Zhao of the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Leptin moderates appetite. As with too much insulin, too high a level of leptin results in insensitivity, thus contributing to obesity and metabolic syndrome.

The mechanism of the moderation of these hormones “was associated with a parasite-induced reduction in glucose absorption in the intestine, reduced liver triglycerides and an increase in the population of cells called ‘alternatively activated macrophages’, which regulate glucose metabolism and inflammation,” says co-author Joe Urban of the United States Department of Agriculture. Some of these changes involved “a protein called interleukin-13 and related intracel-lular signalling mechanisms”, he says. “This suggests that there are immune-related shifts in metabolism that can alter expression of obesity and related metabolic syndrome.”

The incidence of obesity has been climbing dramatically, worldwide. It is a key risk factor for many metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. Recent studies indicate that it is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues, causing the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

Parasitic nematode infection induces a marked elevation in host immune Th2-cells and related type 2 cytokines which, besides combating the infection, also have potent anti-inflammatory activity, according to the report.

The research has been published in the journal Infection and Immunity.

© w

ww

.sxc.hu/pennylayn

http://www.bio-strategy.com


© iStockphoto.com

/Sebastian Kaulitzki

www.LabOnline.com.au

Single virus detection techniques for faster disease diagnosis

Two new optical techniques show promise for counting individual viruses outside the laboratory.

6 WHAT’S NEW IN LAB & LIFE SCIENCES - June/July 2013

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB & LIFE SCIENCES - June/July 2013 7www.LabOnline.com.au

To test the severity of a viral infection, clinicians try to gauge how many viruses are packed into a certain volume of blood

or other bodily fluid. This measurement, called viral load, helps doctors diagnose or monitor chronic viral diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. However, the standard methods used for these tests are only able to estimate the number of viruses in a given volume of fluid. Now two independent teams have developed new optics-based methods for determin-ing the exact viral load of a sample by counting individual virus particles. These new methods are faster and cheaper than standard tests and they offer the potential to conduct the measurements in a medical office or hospital instead of a laboratory.

One research group, led by electrical engineer and bioengineer Aydogan Ozcan of UCLA, is working to directly image single virus particles using holographic microscopy. The other, led by electrical engineer Holger Schmidt of the Univer-sity of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), is detecting single particles tagged with fluorescent labels on a microfluidic chip. Both teams expect to use their work to develop commercial instruments useful for on-site diagnosis and monitoring with rapid results and fast turnaround.

Ozcan’s UCLA team has demonstrated the ability to capture optical images of single viruses and nanoparticles over a comparatively large field of view - about the size of a postage stamp - using nano-lenses that self-assemble around the virus particles like little magnifying glasses.

“Because viruses are very small - less than 100 billionths of a metre - compared to the wavelength of light, conventional light microscopy has difficulty produc-ing an image due to weak scattering of sub-wavelength particles,” Ozcan says. When lighted, the team’s new nanolens-nanoparticle assembly projects a hologram that can be recorded using a CMOS im-ager chip (a type of semiconductor-based light detector) and digitally reconstructed to form an optical image of the particle. “The resulting image improves the field of view of a conventional optical microscope by two orders of magnitude,” says Ozcan.

This wide field of view allows the device to form images of many nanoparticles in a single photograph and provides a high-throughput platform for a direct and accurate viral load count. The instrument can be made sufficiently compact and lightweight for field applications and, attached to a cell phone, could become useful even in remote locations.

While Ozcan’s group visually counts in-dividual viruses, Schmidt’s counts them by detecting their nucleic acids - the genetic make-up of the viruses. The nucleic acids are labelled with a fluorescent dye, and light from the fluorescence is detected as they pass through a channel in a microfluidic chip about the size of a thumbnail.

Current tests for determining viral load generally rely on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which amplifies a small sample of nucleic acid, such as DNA, and makes it easier to detect. “The gold standard for viral load detection is PCR, due to its sensitivity and specificity,” Schmidt says, but PCR is limited to merely estimating the number of viruses. In contrast, the new method counts real particles as they pass through the fluorescence detector on the chip. “We have demonstrated actual virus counts of specific nucleic acids in less than 30 minutes with minimal sample workup,” Schmidt says. So far, the group has collected reliable data on samples diluted to a point well within the range required for clinical detection.

Unlike direct visualisation techniques, Schmidt’s chip-based method requires that the targeted virus particles be labelled. The labelling technique would allow clinicians to target specific viruses while ignoring unlabelled background material. This makes the process potentially useful in situations where clinicians already know what they are looking for - often the case for viral load tests.

The chip is currently housed in an in-strument about 30 cm square, making the device portable. Along with rapid analysis turnaround, this portability should make the technique useful for point-of-treatment tests. In addition to detecting viruses, the device may also find uses as a sensor for cancer biomarkers, for environmental analyses of chemicals and even in industrial production monitoring.



Chromatography and spectroscopy catalogueAgilent Technologies has introduced the 2013 Essential Chromatography and Spec-

troscopy Catalog. The catalogue is divided into five sections to help the reader easily

navigate Agilent’s growing portfolio, which includes general chromatography, sample

preparation, GC and GC/MS, LC and LC/MS, and spectroscopy.

This edition of the catalogue contains CrossLab products for use with other manufac-

turers’ instruments. It also includes details about electrochemistry meters and supplies,

Captiva syringe filters, Ultra Inert and application-specific GC columns, LC biomolecule

and Poroshell 120 columns, and OneNeb nebuliser for ICP-OES and MP-AES.

The catalogue lists thousands of products with part numbers, descriptions and con-

figurations, as well as hundreds of applications. Method descriptions, selection guides,

compatibility charts, maintenance schedules and tips for how to get the most out of

Agilent consumables provide additional value.

The catalogue is available in English, French, German, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese.

Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/T873

Water test system for microbial contaminentsThe Colitag iMPNplate-1600 is claimed to be the first definitive system for measuring microbial contaminants in water with the

widest testing time window: 16 to 48 h. The product features greater selectivity for total coliforms and E. coli with the help of

the selective growth inhibitor of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas strains. The selective dehydrated media formula automatically

resuscitates and detects chlorine-injured bacteria, resulting in a highly sensitive tool for regulated site testing.

The product is an easy-to-use device for enumerating microorganisms in a liquid sample. It is a modern approach to the

traditional method of serially diluting the sample on a statistical model to produce the most probable number (MPN) index. It

is US EPA approved for use in MPN format.

The time-consuming and labour-intensive process of serial tube dilutions is performed by the plate system of five duplicate

wells in 10, 1 and 0.1 mL well volumes, with a 16th well for collecting the remaining sample. A mixture of a Colitag reagent

satchel and 100 mL water sample is poured directly into the wells, filling all 15 wells first and the overflow well after. The plate

device is manually sealed with a water-resistant film and the aid of a roller. The plate is then ready for incubation.

Result readings are direct for coliforms and definitive for E. coli with the use of a UV light source. Tests using the plate offer

a high degree of sensitivity, with a detection limit ranging from 0-1600 MPN per 100 mL sample within the standard reading

window. The device is stand-alone in set-up and requires simply an incubator and UV light source to perform the test.

Pacific Laboratory Products


Electronic leak detector for gas chromatographsRestek’s redesigned leak detector is an important tool for the troubleshooting

and routine maintenance of gas chromatographs. By checking for leaks often, the

GC column and instrument will be protected from damage and loss of sensitivity.

The leak detector can detect helium, nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide, as

well as combustible gases such as hydrogen. Similar units only detect some of

these common lab gases. A long battery life means the unit is ready when the

user needs it with fewer charges and less downtime. The severity of a leak can be

determined with an audible tone, so there is no need to look away from the probe

to check the LED display.

Leco Australia Pty Ltd


http://www.eppendorf.com

Ultrafiltration deviceThe disposable Vivaspin Turbo 15 is suited for protein, virus or

nanoparticle concentration as well as desalting, dialysis and buffer

exchange. It is available in a range of volumes from 4 to 15 mL

and permits quick, easy and complete recovery of the concentrate.

Lab technicians can concentrate biological samples within 10 to

30 min and obtain macromolecular recoveries greater than 95%. In

a single spin, 15 mL solutions can be concentrated up to 150 times.

High flow rates are achieved due to the twin vertical membranes, which

minimise protein polarisation and subsequent fouling of the membrane.

The optimised design and sleek internal profile of the product ensures

maximum process speeds down to the last few microlitres.

The 100 µL dead-stop pocket is easy to access with standard 200

µL pipette tips due to the angular design of the product. It eliminates

the risk of the sample running to dryness while allowing high recovery

of the concentrate. The use of highly chemically resistant plastic ma-

terials, such as polystyrene and polypropylene, is said to guarantee

a stable shelf life, even in humid environments. Polyethersulfone

membranes are preferred for their low fouling characteristics, high

flux and broad pH compatibility. The combination of polyethersulfone,

polystyrene and polypropylene enables the units to be readily

sterilised and depyrogenated.

Sartorius Stedim Australia Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/U096

Vibration measuring systemThe Vibroscanner, an addition to the range of

Netter Industrial Vibrators, measures what the

vibrator is actually doing.

With an instant readout and no calibra-

tion needed, the device shows the dominant

frequency of vibration, the acceleration and

the vibration movement on the convenient

handheld unit.

The frequency is shown in Hz, which is the

number of vibrations per second, with the ac-

celeration shown in g - the number of times

the force of gravity.

The vibration movement, known as ‘stroke’,

is the amount of movement imparted by the

vibrator to the object being vibrated, and is

displayed in mm.

The sensor is held against the vibrating

device with the signal processing being done

in the sensor housing, thus reducing the ef-

fects of electrical interference on the readout

unit. The connection to the main unit is by

stranded wire, not coaxial cable, which can

be bend-sensitive.

The unit is effective on vibrating tables,

feeders or simply on a hopper being vibrated

to help the contents flow. This battery-operated

unit is supplied with three sensor heads, lead,

instructions, carrying case and spare battery.

Vibration Systems & Solutions (Australia) Pty Ltd


Reagent for enzymatic PCR cleanupAffymetrix USB has developed High-Throughput (HT) ExoSAP-IT for

enzymatic PCR cleanup. Specifically designed for the requirements

of high-throughput automated platforms and multichannel pipettes,

such as those found in pathology and molecular diagnostics

testing facilities, the reagent has both a longer lifetime at higher

temperatures and a decreased viscosity for robotic pipetting.

Like the original ExoSAP-IT for PCR product cleanup, HT

ExoSAP-IT is a formulation consisting of Exonuclease I and re-

combinant Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase (rSAP), which removes

excess primers and dNTPs following a PCR reaction in a single

incubation. rSAP offers a more robust enzyme with higher specific

activity than alternative alkaline phosphatases.

In Vitro Technologies Pty Ltd


www.LabOnline.com.au

http://www.lonza.com/4d-nucleofector

Filter elementTo ensure that a hydraulic system operates economically and without risk, it is essential to use filter systems which

are capable of absorbing oil ageing products and which can prevent dangerous electrostatic discharges from occur-

ring. Hydac has developed an element technology which inhibits the phenomenon of electrostatic discharge in filter

elements, thus reducing the charges in the oil.

Group II and Group III base oils are more environmentally friendly; however, they also display low conductivity and

when the oil flows through the filters in the system, an electrostatic charge is generated. This can result in electro-

statics being generated and electrostatic discharge taking place in the system. Electrostatic discharges destroy filter

elements, damage valves and sensors, accelerate oil ageing and can even cause explosions in the hydraulic tank.

Hydac has combined good electrostatic characteristics and filtration performance in a new type of

filtration mesh pack and element design. The company’s Stat-Free elements have been designed

to eliminate electrostatic charging of the oil.

The elements are suitable for applications in power plants, gas turbines, plastic injection

moulding machines and calendars (paper industry) and in mobile hydraulics, as well as any

other hydraulic and lubrication system which uses low-conductivity oil. They give a high level of

operational reliability as they prevent sparks, deflagration and sludge formation in the oil. Longer

oil change intervals can be achieved through non-damaging filtration of the oil.

HYDAC International

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/S955

Encapsulation systemThe Encapsulator Pro from Buchi is designed for the immobilisation of cells, microbes, enzymes, drugs,

flavours and fragrances, vitamins or oils into a wide range of polymers, such as alginate, carrageen,

cellulose sulphate, chitosan, gelatine or pectin, as well as waxes.

Applications include: sterile encapsulation of mammalian cells and thereby protection of cells from

the immune system for cell transplantation; protection of cells from shear stress in stirred reactors; en-

capsulation of active ingredients; drug delivery systems with controlled release; coating of particles

with new functions; encapsulation of vaccines for wild animals; capsules as micro

systems for cell retention with high cell density; immobilisation of microbes and

enzymes for biotransformation; protection of active ingredients; encapsulation of

probiotic ingredients; stabilisation and protection of neutraceuticals.

Uniform capsules and beads are produced with technology based on the

principle that a laminar flowing liquid jet breaks up into equally sized droplets

by superimposed vibration. The droplet diameter is pre-selectable in the range

of 0.15 to 2 mm with a spherical shape and narrow size distribution (<5%

standard deviation).

In Vitro Technologies Pty Ltd


12 WHAT’S NEW IN LAB & LIFE SCIENCES - June/July 2013

Anti-herpes mixed titre performance panelSeraCare Life Sciences has released an Anti-Herpes Mixed Titer Performance Panel of naturally

occurring, well-characterised plasma and serum specimens for use in developing, evaluating

and troubleshooting anti-HSV 1/2, anti-HSV 1 and anti-HSV 2 assays.

The 21-member panel represents a broad range of reactivity to anti-HSV 1/2 IgG and IgM

markers, from negative to strongly positive. Comprehensive test results for multiple industry as-

says are provided for comparative purposes.

The company’s Accuset performance panels encompass a broad range of highly characterised,

disease state patient samples designed for use with most instrument platforms and test methods.

Abacus ALS Australia


The new Quintix®

Redefining Standard.

What makes the new Quintix® so different from other standard laboratory balances? Practical features that are anything but standard and that make workflows for the user much more efficient and reliable:

- Intuitive applications guidance for easy navigation

- Maximum accuracy at all times thanks to isoCAL

- Plug-and-work data transfer to printer or computer

Sartorius Australia Phone: 03 8762 1800/1800 645 076 [email protected]

www.sartorius.com/quintix

http://www.sartorius.com/quintix


The flight of

In the very early hours of the morning, in a Harvard robotics laboratory, an insect called a RoboBee took flight achieving vertical take-off, hovering and steering. Half the size of a paperclip, weighing less than a tenth of a gram, it leapt a few inches, hovered for a moment on fragile, flapping wings and then sped along a pre-set route through the air.

the RoboBee

Like a proud parent watching a child take its first steps, graduate student Pakpong Chirarattananon immediately captured a video of the fledgling and emailed it to his adviser and colleagues at 3 am - subject line, ‘Flight

of the RoboBee’.“I was so excited, I couldn’t sleep,” recalls Chirarattananon,

co-lead author of a paper published in Science.The demonstration of the first controlled flight of an insect-

sized robot is the culmination of more than a decade’s work, led by researchers at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard.

“This is what I have been trying to do for literally the last 12 years,” says Robert J Wood, Charles River Professor of Engineering and Applied Sciences at SEAS, Wyss Core Fac-ulty Member and principal investigator of the National Science Foundation-supported RoboBee project. “It’s really only because of this lab’s recent breakthroughs in manufacturing, materials and design that we have even been able to try this. And it just worked, spectacularly well.”

Inspired by the biology of a fly, with submillimetre-scale anatomy and two wafer-thin wings that flap almost invisibly, 120 times per second, the tiny device not only represents the absolute cutting edge of micromanufacturing and control systems, it is an aspi-ration that has impelled innovation in these fields by dozens of researchers across Harvard for years.

“We had to develop solutions from scratch, for everything,” explains Wood. “We would get one component working, but when we moved onto the next, five new problems would arise. It was a moving target.”

Flight muscles, for instance, don’t come prepackaged for robots the size of a fingertip.

“Large robots can run on electromagnetic motors, but at this small scale you have to come up with an alternative, and there wasn’t one,” says co-lead author Kevin Y Ma, a graduate student at SEAS.

The tiny robot flaps its wings with piezoelectric actuators - strips of ceramic that expand and contract when an electric field is applied. Thin hinges of plastic embedded within the carbon fibre body frame serve as joints and a delicately balanced control


© iStockphoto.com

/Salawin Chanthapan

© iStockphoto.com

/Abeie

system commands the rotational motions in the flapping-wing robot, with each wing controlled independently in real time.

At tiny scales, small changes in airflow can have an outsized effect on flight dynamics, and the control system has to react that much faster to remain stable.

The robotic insects also take advantage of an ingenious pop-up manufacturing technique that was developed by Wood’s team in 2011. Sheets of various laser-cut materials are layered and sandwiched together into a thin, flat plate that folds up like a child’s pop-up book into the complete electromechanical structure.

The quick, step-by-step process replaces what used to be a painstaking manual art and allows Wood’s team to use more robust materials in new combinations, while improving the overall precision of each device.

“We can now very rapidly build reliable prototypes, which allows us to be more aggressive in how we test them,” says Ma, adding that the team has gone through 20 prototypes in just the past six months.

Applications of the RoboBee project could include distributed environmental monitoring, search-and-rescue operations or

assistance with crop pollination, but the materials, fabrication techniques and components that emerge along the way might prove to be even more significant. For example, the pop-up manufacturing process could enable a new class of complex medical devices. Harvard’s Office of Technology Development, in collaboration with Harvard SEAS and the Wyss Institute, is already in the process of commercialising some of the underly-ing technologies.

“Harnessing biology to solve real-world problems is what the Wyss Institute is all about,” says Wyss Founding Director Don Ingber. “This work is a beautiful example of how bringing together scientists and engineers from multiple disciplines to carry out research inspired by nature and focused on translation can lead to major technical breakthroughs.”

And the project continues“Now that we’ve got this unique platform, there are dozens of tests that we’re starting to do, including more aggressive control manoeuvres and landing,” says Wood.

After that, the next steps will involve integrating the parallel work of many different research teams who are working on the brain, the colony coordination behaviour, the power source and so on, until the robotic insects are fully autonomous and wireless.

The prototypes are still tethered by a very thin power cable because there are no off-the-shelf solutions for energy storage that are small enough to be mounted on the robot’s body. High energy-density fuel cells must be developed before the RoboBees will be able to fly with much independence.

Control, too, is still wired in from a separate computer, though a team led by SEAS faculty Gu-Yeon Wei and David Brooks is working on a computationally efficient brain that can be mounted on the robot’s frame.

“Flies perform some of the most amazing aerobatics in na-ture using only tiny brains,” notes co-author Sawyer B Fuller, a postdoctoral researcher on Wood’s team who essentially studies how fruit flies cope with windy days. “Their capabilities exceed what we can do with our robot, so we would like to understand their biology better and apply it to our own work.”

The milestone of this first controlled flight represents a vali-dation of the power of ambitious dreams - especially for Wood, who was in graduate school when he set this goal.

“This project provides a common motivation for scientists and engineers across the university to build smaller batteries, to design more efficient control systems and to create stronger, more lightweight materials,” says Wood. “You might not expect all of these people to work together: vision experts, biologists, materials scientists, electrical engineers. What do they have in common? Well, they all enjoy solving really hard problems.”

“I want to create something the world has never seen before,” adds Ma. “It’s about the excitement of pushing the limits of what we think we can do, the limits of human ingenuity.”

A video of RoboBee’s flight is available on YouTube.

WE HAD TO DEVELOP SOLUTIONS FROM

SCRATCH, FOR EVERYTHING.


10 mL laboratory glass bottleDuran has produced a miniature size 10 mL bottle. This is a suit-

able size for the testing of products - it allows for a decrease in

the quantities used in the sampling process which will then have

an ongoing effect to reduce the cost of experimentation, as well

as the amount of waste.

The 10 mL bottles are of the same quality as the company’s

existing bottles, featuring good chemical resistance, nearly inert

behaviour and high usage temperature. The original Duran labora-

tory glass bottles are suitable

for many applications in the

laboratory including the storing

of sensitive media and reference

samples. They are also suitable

for shipping small sample vol-

umes as well as storing proteins

and DNA.

The bottles are easy to clean,

durable and have the following

advantages: glass type l/neu-

tral in accordance with United

States Pharmacopoeia/European

Pharmacopoeia and Japanese

Pharmacopoeia standards; sin-

gle-handed opening for easy

pipetting; sterilisable and auto-

clavable; also available in amber

or with a plastic coating.

As the 10 mL bottles are part

of the Duran range with an exist-

ing thread type of GL 25, the user can mix and match the caps to

suit their needs. The company has a range of premium caps, PBT

caps, PP screw caps and membrane caps.

Schott Australia Pty Ltd


System for human cell line authentication and sample identificationTissue culture cells are often misidentified or contaminated

with other cells, wasting time, effort and laboratory resources

and potentially invalidating published data. The National Insti-

tute of Health and many journals now recommend or require

cell line authentication before grant approval or acceptance

for publication, making cell line authentication an important

concern for researchers.

Promega has announced the launch of GenePrint 10 System

for human cell line authentication and sample identification.

The product includes the eight loci recommended by the ANSI

Standard (ASN-0002) Authentication of Human Cell Lines:

Standardization of STR Profiling, plus Amelogenin for gender

identification and the highly polymorphic D21S11 locus for

additional power of discrimination.

Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis begins with amplification

and the system contains all materials necessary to co-amplify

human STR loci, using a hot-start thermostable DNA poly-

merase and a robust buffer compatible with fast cycling and

direct amplification from substrates. Cell line authentication

using the GenePrint 10 System allows researchers to spend

less time worrying about the authenticity of their cells and

more time advancing their research.

Promega Pty Ltd


MicromanipulatorScientex has acquired exclusive distribution

for Australian and New Zealand for Singer

Instruments, a manufacturer of precision de-

vices for the handling and manipulation of

microorganisms.

The entry-level MK1 Micromanipulator is a

highly balanced micromanipulation device for

delicate and steady hand control of precision

tools and is used by biological research labs

for microinjection, crystallography and dissec-

tion. It is also suitable for applications in fine art restoration,

archaeology and electronics where fine placement or retrieval

of samples, components, artefacts etc is required.

The product offers 4:1 reduction in movement, allowing pre-

cise control of hand tools and delicate samples. Its comfortable

‘pencil grip’ allows intuitive handling and rotation of tools. The

device’s 3D pantograph is counterbalanced to provide fine linear

and angular control.

There is a wide range of accessories available.

Scientex Pty Ltd


http://www.sarstedt.com


Cell image analysis softwareThermo Scientific HCS Studio Software is a suite of high-content imaging

and analysis applications offering researchers the ability to easily and quickly

interact with and analyse cell images and corresponding data.

The software delivers a sophisticated analysis tool with built-in intelligence

and enhanced usability to analyse multiple parameters simultaneously.

Simple-to-use tools, including icon-driven interfaces, step-by-step workflows

and a desktop navigator, enable researchers to gain more knowledge about

their cells. The software applications are said to be simple enough for the

high-content novice but powerful enough for the advanced high-content user.

It is claimed to be the first high-content software to feature an integrated,

automated plate handling capability, enabling the Thermo Scientific Orbitor

RS Plate Mover to be used in conjunction with either the Thermo Scientific

ArrayScan XTI High Content Analysis (HCA) Reader or the Thermo Scientific

CellInsight NXT High Content Screening (HCS) Platform. The simple and

automated simple plate handling capability delivers a solution for high-

content users who do not need plate scheduling, but rather straight-forward

movement of plates from stacks to stage.

Thermo Fisher Scientific


Biological safety cabinetThe LaboGene Mars Class II Biological Safety

Cabinet is said to set new standards in opera-

tor comfort, ergonomics, power efficiency and

noise. Its programmable auto start and auto

stop during the working week helps improve

laboratory procedures and protocols.

Two fully electronic adjustable EC fans and

a H14 HEPA filter mean lower fan running

speeds, contributing to less noise (<49 dBA),

heat production and energy consumption, all

while conforming and certified to Australian

Standards.

The large glass sides, angled motorised

front sash, large 72 cm high front and adjust-

able illumination offer optimal user operation,

viewing and supervision. ‘V’ profile air intake

grills ensure optimal airflow, promote better

user posture and preclude the need to use

obstructive armrests. All access is via the

front of the cabinet for ease of servicing

and cleaning.

The compact units will fit on most benches,

with a full range of adjustable stands avail-

able. Other options include: UV lights; heated

and cooled worktops; pre-filters; built-in PC

monitors; access ports; customised internal

work heights and more.

LabGear Australia


Chemiluminescence Western blot scannerLI-COR Bioscience’s latest innovation is the C-DiGit

Chemiluminescence Western Blot Scanner. The unit

does not require film but still produces film-quality

images - without the hassle and expense of film

development. It has the simplicity of film exposures

without the mess of the darkroom.

The user’s current chemiluminescent Western blot

protocol doesn’t have to change. All the same steps

are performed, with the C-DiGit providing a complete

digital replacement for film.

Millennium Science Pty Ltd


http://www.pathtech.com.au


Portable viscometerThe portable and small-sample microVISC viscometer from

RheoSense is suitable for industries such as bio/pharma-

ceuticals, chemicals, coatings and paints, petrochemical,

electronics, food and beverages, and OEMs. The viscometer

has a user-friendly interface and makes measurements in only

90 s. There is no need to clean the device and results are

accurate and repeatable.

VROC (viscometer/rheometer-on-a-chip) systems are a hybrid

of microfluidic and MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems)

technologies. Microfluidic devices offer several advantages:

they only require a small sample volume of fluid; they can

impose high deformation rates without entering strongly inertial

flow regimes; they completely enclose the fluid which prevents

evaporation; and they can be used as a simple flow-through

device. The hybrid technology enabled the development of

small, smart and fast micro-scale sample viscometers that

can measure fluids in extreme environments.

The product characterises flows completely, quantifying

‘true’ flow properties as opposed to ‘apparent’ properties.

Other advantages include: high throughput analysis for R&D

and production; ability to integrate virtually anywhere; good

temperature control; closed system is easily sterilised, with

minimal solvent evaporation and contamination.

The product has an enhanced dynamic range, with enhanced

analysis throughput with serial or parallel arrays. There are

multiple functions in the one chip. VROC sensors can be used

as a flow rate sensor if the viscosity of the liquid is known.

Applications include: microlitre-scale sample R&D; high

shear rate R&D and QC; online QC; custom applications;

portable QC; viscosity indexing; high throughput analysis.

Crea Laboratory Technologies Pty Ltd


Media-lab bottles and connection systemsThe latest range of Pyrex wide-mouth media-lab bottles

is now available. Manufactured from Pyrex borosilicate

glass for chemical and thermal resistance, each bottle

features a GLS80 screw thread with a wide internal

neck diameter, aiding filling

and pouring of powders and

viscous liquids. Each bottle

is printed with a trace code,

making each bottle retrace-

able to a specific production

batch. Batch certificates are

available to download online.

Connection system screw

caps for Pyrex GL45 media-lab

bottles facilitate the transfer

of liquids within a closed and

sterile system, suitable for

chemistry and biotechnology

laboratories. The two- and

three-port screw caps feature

GL45 screw threads and can

accommodate four different

tube diameters (OD; 1.6, 3, 3.2 and 6 mm). Screw

caps and components are re-usable as they are

manufactured from polypropylene and PTFE. The

connection system is a flexible modular system that

allows users to tailor assemblies according to the ap-

plication. Screw caps and components are temperatur

resistant to 1400°C and are fully autoclavable and

dishwasher safe.

VWR International Pty Ltd


http://www.kartell.com.au

http://www.atascientific.com.au

http://www.lonza.com


Oil-in-water analyserWith the invention of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCL), a new form

of liquid spectroscopy became possible. The EraCheck uses this portable

and field-proven technology to enable fast, easy and reliable measurements

in harsh environments.

The eco-friendly analyser features QCL-IR technology allowing an extrac-

tion with the CFC-free solvent cyclohexane. With high speed and precision,

the product will detect even sub-ppm concentrations of total petroleum

hydrocarbons (TPH), or total oil and grease (TOG) in water in full

compliance with ASTM D7678.

The analyser is suitable for the following applications: the preven-

tion of hydrocarbons in discharged water; process control in the

petrochemical industry for upstream oil recovery; downstream process

water monitoring; purity control in the chemical and energy industries;

environmental testing such as testing for compliance with environmental regula-

tions, bilge water monitoring in marine transportation and the contamination of

surface soils by various types of crude oils and their products.

Crea Laboratory Technologies Pty Ltd


www.precisionmatters.com.au


Now you know

Scientists at the National Institutes of Health report they have discovered in mouse studies that a small molecule released in the spinal cord triggers a process that is later experienced in the brain as the sensation of itch.

The small molecule, called natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb), streams ahead and selectively plugs into a specific nerve cell in the spinal cord, which sends the signal onward through the central nervous system. When Nppb or its

nerve cell was removed, mice stopped scratching at a broad ar-ray of itch-inducing substances. The signal wasn’t going through.

Because the nervous systems of mice and humans are similar, the scientists say a comparable bio-circuit for itch likely is present in people. If correct, this start switch would provide a natural place to look for unique molecules that can be targeted with drugs to turn off the sensation more efficiently in the millions of people with chronic itch conditions, such eczema and psoriasis.

The paper, published online in the journal Science, also helps to solve a lingering scientific issue. “Our work shows that itch, once thought to be a low-level form of pain, is a distinct sensation that is uniquely hardwired into the nervous system with the biochemical equivalent of its own dedicated land line to the brain,” said Mark Hoon, PhD, the senior author on the paper and a scientist at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, part of the National Institutes of Health.

Hoon said his group’s findings began with searching for the signalling components on a class of nerve cells, or neurons, that contain a molecule called TRPV1. These neurons, with their long nerve fibres extending into the skin, muscle and other tissues,

© iStockphoto.com

/ ChinHooi

what makes you itch


.

© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2013

Join our 2013 Software and Applications Webinar SeriesRegister now to participate live or to receive recorded sessionswww.agilent.com/chem/xray_eSeminars

EXPERIENCE

RUELL

TBRI IANCEConfidence means a revolutionary high-brilliance X-ray system that meets the needs of the most challenging crystallography projects. Agilent’s new GV1000 X-ray diffractometer represents a major leap forward in the generation of X-rays for demanding structural biology applications.

The GV1000 combines novel approaches in all core source components, with innovative gradient vacuum technology affording an extremely compact, quiet and high-brilliance X-ray source.

See macromolecular structures in a whole new light with the brilliant new Agilent GV1000 X-ray diffractometer.

www.agilent.com/lifesciences/GV1000Learn more at

help to monitor a range of external conditions, from extreme temperature changes to detecting pain.

Yet little is known about how these neurons recognise the various sensory inputs and, like sorting mail, know how to route them correctly to the appropriate pathway to the brain.

To fill in more of the details, Hoon said his laboratory identified in mice some of the main neurotransmitters that TRPV1 neurons produce. A neurotransmitter is a small molecule that neurons selectively release when stimulated, like a quick pulse of water from a faucet, to communicate sensory signals to other nerve cells.

The scientists screened the various neurotransmitters, including Nppb, to see which ones corresponded with transmitting sensation.

“We tested Nppb for its possible role in various sensations without success,” said Santosh Mishra, lead author on the study and a researcher in the Hoon laboratory. “When we exposed the Nppb-deficient mice to several itch-inducing substances, it was amazing to watch. Nothing happened. The mice wouldn’t scratch.”

Further experiments established that Nppb was essential to initiate the sensation of itch, known clinically as pruritus. Equally significant, the molecule was necessary to respond to a broad spectrum of pruritic substances. Previous research had suggested that a common start switch for itch would be unlikely, given the myriad proteins and cell types that seemed to be involved in processing the sensation.

Hoon and Mishra turned to the dorsal horn, a junction point in the spine where sensory signals from the body’s periphery are

routed onward to the brain. Within this nexus of nerve connec-tions, they looked for cells that expressed the receptor to receive the incoming Nppb molecules.

“The receptors were exactly in the right place in the dorsal horn,” said Hoon, the receptor being the long-recognised protein Npra. “We went further and removed the Npra neurons from the spinal cord. We wanted to see if their removal would short-circuit the itch, and it did.”

Hoon said this experiment added another key piece of infor-mation. Removing the receptor neurons had no impact on other sensory sensations, such as temperature, pain and touch. This told them that the connection forms a dedicated biocircuit to the brain that conveys the sensation of itch.

But the scientists had stepped into a conundrum. Previous reports had suggested that another neurotransmitter called GRP might initiate itch. If that wasn’t the case, where did GRP fit into the process?

They tested the receptor neurons that express GRP, finding the previous reports were correct about this molecule relaying the signal to the central nervous system. GRP just enters the picture after Nppb already has set the sensation in motion.

Based on these findings, Nppb would seem to be an obvious first target to control itch. But that’s not necessarily the case. Nppb also is used in the heart, kidneys and other parts of the body, so attempts to control the neurotransmitter in the spine have the potential to cause unwanted side effects.

“The larger scientific point remains,” said Hoon. “We have defined in the mouse the primary itch-initiating neurons and figured out the first three steps in the pruritic pathway. Now the challenge is to find similar biocircuitry in people, evaluate what’s there and identify unique molecules that can be targeted to turn off chronic itch without causing unwanted side effects. So, this is a start, not a finish.”

WE HAVE DEFINED IN THE MOUSE THE PRIMARY ITCH-

INITIATING NEURONS AND FIGURED OUT THE FIRST THREE

STEPS IN THE PRURITIC PATHWAY.

Microscope system for large samplesAxio Imager Vario is a flexible, high-performance microscope system

that reliably and easily safeguards the quality of large samples. A fully

motorised, fixed-stage microscope with an adjustable sample space, the

product supports complex solar cell production and solar cell analysis

applications, plus many other tasks that require a high degree of automa-

tion and reproducibility.

An integratable autofocus system ensures fast and precise focusing: the

Hardware Auto Focus is suitable for surface inspections on reflective, low-

contrast samples. In transmitted and reflected light (brightfield, darkfield,

polarisation contrast and oblique illumination), the focus system ensures

high precision down to 0.3 of the depth of field of the objective lens.

The sensor registers changes in the focus position and automatically

and quickly compensates any deviations via direct access to the Z-drive

of the microscope. As a result, even large samples such as monitors and

solar panels remain constantly in focus.

The product is certified for cleanroom use in accordance with DIN EN ISO 14644-1 and,

along with the cleanroom kit, fulfils the requirements of ISO 5, the most commonly used

cleanroom class. Accessories such as the 7x turret with particle protection and sneeze guard

ensure that samples such as wafers and photomasks are clean at all times.

Carl Zeiss Pty Ltd


http://www.agilent.com/chem/xray_eSeminars

.

© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2013

Join our 2013 Software and Applications Webinar SeriesRegister now to participate live or to receive recorded sessionswww.agilent.com/chem/xray_eSeminars

EXPERIENCE

RUELL

TBRI IANCEConfidence means a revolutionary high-brilliance X-ray system that meets the needs of the most challenging crystallography projects. Agilent’s new GV1000 X-ray diffractometer represents a major leap forward in the generation of X-rays for demanding structural biology applications.

The GV1000 combines novel approaches in all core source components, with innovative gradient vacuum technology affording an extremely compact, quiet and high-brilliance X-ray source.

See macromolecular structures in a whole new light with the brilliant new Agilent GV1000 X-ray diffractometer.

www.agilent.com/lifesciences/GV1000Learn more at

http://www.agilent.com/chem/xray_eSeminars


Thickness gaugeAn all-in-one solution that is suitable

for virtually every thickness gauge

application is now available from

Olympus, a manufacturer of optical,

electronic and precision engineering

products. The 45MG is an ultrasonic

thickness gauge with a number of

measurement features and software

options. The instrument is compat-

ible with the complete range of

Olympus dual- and single-element thickness gauge transducers.

The simple and straightforward gauge requires minimal training to tackle most common

thickness gauging applications such as wall and coating thickness, mineral deposition and

corrosion. Additional software options and transducers turn the product into a more advanced

instrument to be used for applications well beyond a typical entry-level unit. Examples include

fibreglass (to 100 mm), rubber, very thin materials (<200 µm) and high-precision quality

control (to 1 µm resolution).

The product is built for operation in difficult environments, eg, in the marine, aviation, refin-

ery and pipeline industries. It has a rugged, sealed construction meeting the IP67 standard

and has been shock and vibration tested using MIL-STD-810G. The unit can be used in a

wide range of operating temperatures.

The device has been designed for easy operation with a simple keypad that can be used

by both right- or left-handed technicians. The display is a colour transflective QVGA monitor

that is bright both indoors and in direct sunlight. With the data storage option, up to 475,000

thickness readings can be stored in user-defined grids and copied to a spreadsheet via

microSD card or USB connection.

Olympus Australia Pty Ltd


Microvolume spectrometerWith the Colibri Microvolume Spectrometer - for DNA, RNA,

protein and more - even the smallest samples can be

easily pipetted into the measurement position. The prod-

uct’s hydrophobic ring facilitates sample placement. After

measurement, the sample can be wiped off or recovered.

The optical pathlength can be set to 0.2 or 1 mm.

A motor positions the sample chamber to the chosen

pathlength with high precision. For some protocols, the

instrument can be set to automatically sense the pathlength.

The compressed sample is surrounded by inert materi-

als. This eliminates evaporation of the free liquid column,

which means there will be no increase of concentration

and false results. Unlike conventional instruments, the

surfaces do not require frequent reconditioning.

In addition to the intuitive colour touch-screen interface,

entries can be made on soft keys, the optional computer mouse or even a separate com-

puter keyboard, depending on the user’s preference.

Once the product is turned on, the user can begin. No extra PC, cuvette or loose parts

are required, and there is nothing to be connected. There is a comprehensive onboard

software package.

Bio-Strategy Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/R698

http://www.mep.net.au


•Powerful Customisation

•Accurate Analysis

HI902C Automatic Titration System

www.hannainst.com.au

Tel: 03 9769 0666 Fax: 03 9769 0699 Email: [email protected]

HI902C automatic titrator can perform acid/base, potentiometric, ORP, complexometric, precipitation, back titrations, linked titrations and titre determinations.

With a minimum dosage of 0.05ml (40,000 steps), the accuracy and the repeatability of your analyses using HI902C is superior. Burettes are exchanged and automatically recognised in seconds using the Clip-Lock™ system.

This versatile titrator supports up to 100 methods, has a large colour LCD screen and real time titration curve amongst a host of other useful features. An external monitor and keyboard can be attached for added versatility. Print, save or download titration reports according to your needs.

Contact us to learn more about how this powerful titrator can work for you.

Vacuum pumpsKartell Labware includes two hand-operated

vacuum pumps in its pump range - the Art

1398 standard model and the Art 1399 which

features a vacuum gauge for accurate pres-

sure readings.

The hand-operated vacuum pumps are light

and portable and are made from high-impact

PS, enabling them to stand up to extensive use.

The vacuum pumps can attain a vacuum of

625 mm Hg, with a pumping rate of 15 mL/stroke. The built-in

vacuum release valve allows for quick and easy release of the

vacuum without disconnecting the pump.

The vacuum gauge (Art 1399) measures from 0 to -1000

mbar or up to 30″ Hg vac.

By transferring the release-valve cap to the vacuum port, the

vacuum pumps can also be used as pressure pumps, enabling

them to be used for varied applications such as the transfer of

liquids between vessels. The nozzle fits standard 6 mm ID tubing.

Sieper & Co Pty Ltd


HIV 1/2 confirmatory systemBio-Rad Laboratories has announced the release of Geenius

HIV 1/2 Confirmatory for markets outside the US.

The product is a complete system that provides unitary

HIV-1 and HIV-2 confirmation and differentiation in serum,

plasma or whole blood along with automated reading and

interpretation of the results - all in less than 30 min.

Key benefits include: unitary and immediate testing; easy-to-

use software that uses a validated algorithm; full traceability.

Bio-Rad Laboratories Pty Ltd


http://www.hannainst.com.au


transform your business with SampleManager 11 LIMS

Take control of lab workflow

• thermoscientific.com/SM11

The hardest working LIMS in the industry now has advanced new tools and user-interface

enhancements that improve laboratory process mapping, management and automation.

SampleManager 11 puts decision-making power where it belongs, in the hands of users

who can make logical choices about workflow, instrument integration and data reporting

for management metrics or regulatory requirements. Workflow capabilities simplify

implementation, allowing lab managers to easily model their processes in SampleManager.

As laboratory needs evolve, workflows can be modified to change with them.

© 2013 All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries.

4 mm brushless DC micromotor and gearhead

maxon medical is a business division of maxon motor and is focused

specifically on producing good-quality brushed and brushless DC motor and

drive systems to satisfy medical industry demands. Production is certified to

ISO13485. The latest product to join the medical range is the 4 mm brush-

less DC micromotor and gearhead.

The general problem with micro drives is that the power output is too low

for the application due to the physical dimensions. maxon medical increased

the performance of the tiny motor using winding technology, powerful mag-

nets and optimum use of the air gap. The integration of Hall sensors is also

unusual for motors of this size.

maxon medical brushed and brushless small DC servo motors are used

in prosthetics, surgery tools, ventilation devices, CPAP machines and labora-

tory equipment, and are even implanted into the human body. The 4 mm

brushless DC motor is suitable for applications in the fields of micro pumps,

analytic and diagnostic devices, ophthalmic surgical devices, laboratory robots,

endoscopes and anywhere where size is an issue.

maxon motor Australia Pty Ltd


DNA preparation kitThe Blood-Animal-Plant DNA Preparation

Kit is designed for rapid and high purity

isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood,

animal cells and plant tissue.

The spin-column-based method com-

pletely removes PCR inhibitors such as

divalent cations and proteins, resulting in

a high-purity preparation of genomic DNA.

There is no use of phenol or chloroform,

handling is safe and it does not produce

any harmful waste.

Column-based genomic DNA purifica-

tion kits yield up to 30 µg of DNA sized

from 200 bp to 50 kb per preparation.

Sapphire Bioscience

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/S739

http://www.thermoscientific.com/SM11


AirClean Systems Ductless Fume Cabinets

Powdersafe powder/solid chemical weighing enclosure

Completely Ductless and mobile Microprocessor controlled Fluorescent light Audible and visible alarms for airflow and gases Carbon and HEPA Filters for specific applications Every application is assessed by our qualified in-house chemists and biologists Environmentally Sustainable via HVAC Energy Savings (compared to ducted fume cupboards) Fully Compliant to AS/NZS 2243.9

Solid Polypropylene Construction Effectively weigh to 5 decimal places Electrical cord access ports Continuous HEPA filter monitoring Audible and visible alarms Secondary HEPA for additional safety and filter changing Optional Carbon Filter for odourous powders

All AirClean Systems products are manufactured in Australia by Laboratory Systems Group Pty Ltd

Laboratory Systems Group Pty [email protected]

Protecting your laboratory’s most valuable assets

(03) 8720 9000www.labsystemsgroup.com.au

Anaerobic workstationThe Whitley A35 is used when there is a need to easily process, culture and examine

samples without exposure to atmospheric oxygen. The workstation provides the ability

to manipulate samples in a sustainable environment where parameters can be altered

to create the required conditions.

The product features a porthole system that allows entry to the chamber in seconds

and needs neither gloves nor sleeves, which means that sample manipu-

lation within a secure anaerobic environment is now as easy as working

aerobically on the laboratory bench.

It is available with a removable front to facilitate thorough cleaning

and the transfer of bulk samples or larger pieces of equipment for use

in the workstation. The built-in rapid airlock ensures samples can be

transferred into the workstation atmosphere as soon as possible - 40

plates in 60 s.

A colour touch-screen control panel provides ease of use and visual

display of parameters such as temperature, humidity and airlock cycle

status. An automatic commissioning cycle saves time and resources.

The product is available with an integrated anaerobic conditions monitor

with data download facility. An optional integrated electronic oxygen monitoring system

displays real-time levels of the percentage of oxygen present.

Don Whitley Scientific Pty Limited


http://www.labsystemsgroup.com.au


Lauren Davis

out of sync with the worldDepressed brains

© iStockphoto.com

/mattjeacock

The brain acts as a timekeeper for each cell’s 24-hour body clock, keeping this clock in sync with the world so that it can govern our appetites, sleep, moods and more. But new research shows that the clock may be broken in the brain cells of people with depression, meaning they operate out of sync with the usual ingrained daily cycle.

Circadian patterns are 24-hour rhythms in physiology and behaviour sustained by a biological timekeeping capability. Within cells, rhythmicity is maintained by feedback loops involving a set of ‘clock genes’, along with several other

genes undergoing daily variations in expression levels. Evidence suggests that disruption of circadian rhythms in humans can lead to pathological conditions including depression, metabolic syndrome and cancer.

Mood disorders represent an example of dysregulation of circadian function, with studies describing abnormal circadian rhythms in hormonal, body temperature, sleep and behavioural patterns in major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients with MDD exhibit shortening of rapid eye movement (REM) latency, increased REM density and decreases in total sleep time and efficiency. But dysregulation in the brains of MDD patients has, until now, been difficult to find and characterise.

Researchers from the University of Michigan Medical School and other institutions addressed this problem by analysing post-mortem brain tissues from subjects ordered around a 24-hour cycle based on their time of death (TOD), effectively treating the data points, one for each subject, as a pseudo-time series spanning one cycle. The dataset covered 12,000 transcripts for each of six brain areas for 55 controls and 34 patients with MDD. This represents the largest transcriptome-wide resource for studying brain circadian patterns in any diurnal (day-active) species.

The researchers characterised and confirmed circadian gene expression in the control brains. Many core clock genes showed strong cyclic patterns - in fact, the top-ranked gene across all six brain regions was ARNTL (BMAL1), a central component in the clock gene machinery. The data also uncovered a staggered phase relationship between the three Period genes, with PER1


peaking soon after sunrise, PER3 during midday and PER2 in the afternoon. The strength of cyclic variation was consistent across brain regions.

But when testing moved to patients with MDD, the cyclic genes were not as strong. The top five ranked genes in controls - ARNTL (BMAL1), PER2, PER3, NR1D1 and DBP - ranked the 171st, 532nd, 10,191st, 27th and 684th respectively in patients with MDD.

Furthermore, the researchers found a clear pattern of positive correlations among control samples with similar TODs and nega-tive correlations between those with opposing TODs (eg, noon vs midnight) - but this pattern was much weaker between patients with MDD and controls or among MDD cases, suggesting that biologi-cal cycles for many MDD cases had fallen out of synchronisation with the solar day.

They also predicted the TOD of 60 randomly selected subjects and found that the absolute deviations of the predicted TOD from the recorded TOD were smaller for controls than for patients with MDD, further suggesting that the circadian rhythms of MDD cases were not properly synchronised.

The researchers claim the disruption of the circadian clock could be due to a number of biological causes, including the mood disorder itself, the use of antidepressant drugs or the presence of other nontherapeutic drugs taken by the subject. Examining a group

of suicidal patients who had not been on antidepressants or other drugs, they found an average deviation of 3.3 h, which was larger than the average deviation for the entire control group (1.9 h) and from the average deviation of controls with a similar TOD (2.1 h). These findings suggest that circadian disruption is partially linked to the disease process itself rather than being exclusively due to the impact of drugs. However, the average deviation between pre-dicted and recorded TOD in this group was lower than in the entire MDD group (3.9 h), suggesting that other factors may contribute.

The researchers stated that the results “provide convincing evidence that there exists a rhythmic rise and fall in the transcrip-tional activity of hundreds of genes in the control human brain, initiating or responding to the regulation of 24-h behavioural and hormonal cycles”, and that this rhythmicity is dysregulated across six brain regions of clinically depressed individuals. They believe the results “pave the way for the identification of novel biomarkers and treatment targets for mood disorders”.

The research was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

http://www.labco-online.com

http://www.vibrationsystems.com.au


return on investment

to configure and install

fully integrated lims solution

local product, service and advice

Rapid

Easy

Complete

Australian

Gas chromatograph and mass selective detectorAgilent Technologies has introduced the Agilent 7890B gas chroma-

tograph and the 5977A Series mass selective detector.

The Agilent 7890B GC is fast, reliable and easy to operate.

It offers advances in numerous detector modules; eco-friendly

operation with power/gas management and sleep/wake modes;

seamless ordering of consumables and parts with an interactive graphi-

cal Parts Finder tool and consumables database; easier, faster method

development with integrated GC calculators and wizards; better asset

and resource management with integrated maintenance tools; improved

recovery of active compounds with Agilent’s end-to-end Inert Flow Path

deactivation technology; reduced downtime for MS maintenance using

the Fast Vent feature.

The Agilent 5977A Series GC/MSD enjoys all the benefits of the 7890B GC and features a

redesigned inert MS ion source that enhances performance with highly efficient ion collection. It

offers high sensitivity with a new specification metric, the Instrument Detection Limit, which is said

to guarantee true system-level performance in practice. Using the company’s TwisTorr 304 FS tur-

bomolecular pump, optimised for light gas operation, the GC/MSD system is efficient and rugged,

and has been evaluated and certified to meet the company’s quality standards.

Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd


http://www.lims1.com


pH, conductivity, ions and salt

Simple accurate and reliable

Small samples typically one drop

Uses innovative flat sensor technology

Calibrate and measure at the touch of a button

Light, easy to clean and waterproof

Australian Scientific Pty LtdPO Box 335Kotara, NSW 2289Email: [email protected]

Tel: 1800 021 083Fax: 02 4956 2525

NEW

B-700 Series

Waterproof pocket-size meterPhotometer

Eppendorf has extended its

range of detection instru-

ments for life sciences appli-

cations. With the Eppendorf

BioPhotometer D30, meas-

urement data is recorded

for fixed wavelengths, mak-

ing the device suitable for

routine applications. Data

are clearly processed, mak-

ing the evaluation of results fast and simple while minimising

the risk of mistakes.

Assistance for the user, including comparative spectra that

are stored in the device, offers an additional level of security.

Furthermore, all relevant ratios are automatically determined

for the corresponding applications.

The product offers the option of recording purity scans for

specific applications. In a defined measuring range, additional

measurement data is collected and shown extrapolated, allow-

ing contamination in the sample to be visually identified quickly.

Eppendorf South Pacific Pty Ltd


Ductless workstationAirClean Systems PowderSafe Type B enclosures are suitable for

powder weighing and containment. Precise airflow control is achieved

with the AirSafe automatic safety controller. It allows the operator to

set the desired face velocity and automatically maintains that setting.

HEPASafe filter change technology provides a safe and effective

means for replacement of both the pre-filter and primary HEPA filter

while under negative pressure. A permanent HEPA filter protects

the operator during primary HEPA filter changeout. If the primary

HEPA filter should ever be compromised, it would also act as a

permanent ‘non-disturbed’ backup safety filter. The prefilter and

primary HEPA filter are simply bagged out within the enclosure.

Features include: variable airflow volume; high mass; effectively

weighs to five decimal places; electrical cord access ports; continuous

HEPA filter monitoring; audible and visible alarms; real-time airflow

display on LCD; portable; fluorescent light with one-touch operation.

The product is available in 820 and 1200 mm widths and has

modular electronics for easy service. It is made in Australia to

Australian Standards.

Applications include: powder weighing; mail handling opera-

tions; food testing; compounding chemistry; pharmaceutical; media

preparation; asbestos handling.

Laboratory Systems Group



Pipette fillerThe Kartell LaboFill is designed for filling

and dispensing liquid in graduated pipettes

from 0.1 up to 100 mL.

Featuring single-finger plunger controls for filling

and dispensing, and fitted with an adjustable thumbwheel to

regulate the fill and dispense speed to suit the application,

the product is a suitable entry-level liquid handling product.

The collet assembly can be removed for autoclaving and

features a 0.2 µm PTFE hydrophobic filter to prevent liquid

entering the instrument body. In addition to this, knurling

inside the collet tightly grips even wet pipettes.

Powered by a rechargeable battery, the pipetter can be

used for up to 8 h between charges.

Sieper & Co Pty Ltd


CentrifugesAwel centrifuges are designed and manufactured in France and have applica-

tions in research, clinical and transfusion laboratories. Their ergonomic, compact

design provides safety, convenience and ease of use for laboratory technicians.

In the Classical range of benchtop centrifuges, the C20 and C48 are available

in refrigerated and non-refrigerated versions and can spin to 4400 and 4500 rpm

respectively. The C20 offers 4 x 200 mL buckets capable of handling 28 standard col-

lection tubes, while the C48 has 4 x 400 mL buckets and can take up to 60 standard

collection tubes. They incorporate user-friendly features such as motorised lid opening,

10 program settings and the company’s light illuminated handle to indicate end of run.

In the Multifunction range, the MF20 and MF48 are also available as refrigerated and non-refrigerated ver-

sions and can spin to 12,600 rpm or 17,800 xg and 13,800 rpm or 20,350 xg respectively. The range can

accept swing-out rotors, high-speed fixed angle rotors and microtitre plate carriers. Rotors can be exchanged

without the need for tools with Awel’s one-click design. Programmable acceleration and deceleration curves

along with no vibration make them suitable for cell culture applications.

Abacus ALS Australia


Automated DNA sample enrichment platformRoche and Hamilton Robotics have introduced an integrated platform

enabling automated DNA sample enrichment for Roche’s 454 GS

Junior sequencer. The platform builds on the integration of Roche’s

REM e System with Hamilton’s Microlab Nimbus NGS workstation,

resulting in reduced hands-on time, minimised operational variability

and consistent results.

The integrated platform is said to replace about 4 h of manual work,

speeding up the liquid handling process by using robotic pipetting

technologies. It is easy to use and smaller than conventional systems,

offering a convenient, compact enrichment procedure for GS Junior users.

The platform has been fully tested and validated to automate the

emPCR breaking, bead enrichment and sequence primer annealing

steps in the GS Junior sample preparation workflow. Dedicated software

with a graphical user interface (GUI) provides easy automation set-up

and simple user control.

Roche Diagnostic Systems


http://www.storemasta.com.au


Potentiometric titratorWith powerful customisation and accurate analysis, Hanna Instruments’ HI902C

Automatic Titration System brings simplicity in analysis to the lab. The powerful

instrument can perform acid/base, potentiometric, ORP, complexometric,

precipitation, back titrations, linked titrations and titre determinations.

Intuitive and simple to use, the titrator is designed to grow with user

needs and applications

With a minimum dosage of 0.05 mL (40,000 steps), the accuracy

and repeatability of analysis using HI902C is said to be superior.

Burettes are exchanged and automatically recognised in seconds using

the Clip-Lock system.

The versatile titrator supports up to 100 methods (standard and user defined),

has a large colour LCD screen and real-time titration curve amongst many other useful fea-

tures. A USB port allows for the easy transfer of methods, reports and software upgrades via

USB flash drive. Users can print reports of analyses directly from the titrator using a standard

parallel printer. An external monitor and keyboard can be attached for added versatility. Data

can also be transferred to a PC using the Hanna HI 900PC application.

Hanna Instruments Pty Ltd


http://www.flukecal.com/9190A


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Stem cell culture observation systemThe Nikon BioStation CT is an integrated

culture observation system for stem-cell

imaging and cultivation. The product

allows imaging experiments to be con-

ducted without ever having to remove

stem cells from the incubator.

Consisting of a standard-sized tis-

sue culture incubator with an inverted

microscope inside, the product holds up

to 30 vessels which are moved between

the microscope stage and the vessel rack

via a robotic device while maintaining precise

levels of CO2, humidity and temperature.

Complete security is provided: users only access the sam-

ples for which they have clearance. Experimental results are

reliably traced and can be accessed remotely via an internet

connection or LAN.

Coherent Scientific Pty Ltd


Kits for the detection of resistance mechanismsRosco Diagnostica acknowledges the increasing

need for detection of resistance mechanisms;

therefore, a series of kits has been developed. The

objective is to supply users with a conveniently as-

sembled kit complete with easy-to-handle cartridges

of disc diffusion tablets and a guide for usage.

The range of kits available includes: detection of

KPC/MBL resistance mechanisms; detection of KPC/

MBL and OXA-48 resistance mechanisms; detection

of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase; detec-

tion of ESBLs in isolates producing chromosomal

AmpC; screening for ESBLs and AmpC; detection

of plasmid-mediated ESBLs; screening for plasmid-

mediated ESBLs; detection of MBL resistance

mechanisms; detection of hGISA, GISA, VRE and

Daptomycin susceptibility.

Dutec Diagnostics Pty Ltd


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Mass flow meters and controllersThe Whisper series mass flow meters and controllers from Alicat are suitable

for low pressure drop applications. With full-scale flow rates from 0.5 SCCM

to 500 SLPM in both meters and controllers and pressure drops from 0.2 to

2.0 PSID, even the most pressure-challenged applications, or applications

requiring the use of expensive gases, will be able to benefit from true mass

flow measurement and control.

When using expensive gases or systems with little total pressure, pressure

drop becomes a serious consideration. The mass flow meters are designed

specifically for low pressure drop applications. By using the company’s LFE

and flow cavity design, the product is able to deliver good performance with as little as 0.1 PSID.

The mass flow meters and controllers are designed to be used as stand-alone devices. With the native display,

the user can change the configuration of the meter or controller without the need for computers, complicated

software or scripts. This configurability includes setpoint and PID loop parameters on controllers.

Features include: fully functional digital display; multiple parameter measurement; very low pressure drop

operation; no warm-up time; RS232 multidrop digital output; RS232 multidrop digital input (controllers only);

choice of 0-5, 0-1 or 1-5 VDC analog output; choice of 0-5, 0-1 or 1-5 VDC, or 4-20 mA, analog input (con-

trollers only); 30 user-selectable onboard gas calibrations; 200:1 turndown ratio; can be ordered in any flow

range between 0.5 SCCM and 3000 SLPM.

Duff & Macintosh


http://www.mpbio.com


my

lab

The green energy lab of the future By Lauren Davis

When Curtin University’s renewable energy research centre CRESTA closed in 2004, the university found itself lacking a facility devoted to renew-able energy. So when Dr Sumedha Rajakaruna was asked to design and build a new lab, he made sure the full use of expensive renewable energy sources could be achieved.

The Green Electric Energy Park (GEEP), funded by Curtin and the Aus-tralian Power Institute, was officially opened by Parliamentary Secretary for Energy Dr Mike Nahan MLA in November 2012. Built on futuristic power system concepts, it showcases $1.2 million of state-of-the-art renewable energy systems used for teaching, training and research, including solar photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, micro-hydro turbines and fuel cell stacks.

“The inclusion of a fuelcell-elec-trolyser system and hydro power station makes it different from other laboratories that exist elsewhere,” said Dr Rajakaruna.

The facility is particularly notable for its integration of different renew-able energy sources to work as a microgrid which can supply the power to loads - whether or not it is connected to the utility grid.

“For grid-connected operation, the lab is like your house with a PV system on the rooftop - simply feed power by sources and consume by loads,” said Dr Rajakaruna. “However, when the utility grid is disconnected, the inverters backed by a large battery bank produce AC power at the required voltage and frequency. The system can run as long as the batteries do not get overcharged or over-discharged.”

New methods of power supply are constantly being developed at the lab by Curtin researchers.“One PhD student of mine is working on building a multi-microgrid system where different mi-

crogrids communicate with each other in hours of need and share resources to continue to supply power to their loads during power outages of the main utility grid,” said Dr Rajakaruna.

Not only does the facility generate power, but it can monitor and display it in real time via the internet, enabling it to be used for teaching and research purposes. Meanwhile, an on-site weather station provides students with data about the conditions at the time.

Curtin’s students thus have the opportunity to learn about, and experiment with, several types of renewable energy sources. There are seven teaching stations, each dedicated to a different type of renewable energy source or storage. Dr Rajakaruna says GEEP adds “an exciting element to what we have to offer to our students and our state in the field of science and engineering”, attracting prospective students as well as academics and industry groups to the lab and to Curtin.

Although GEEP is currently the only facility of its kind in Australia, it is hoped that it will serve as a model for future renewable energy laboratories.

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