what’s happening happening/volume 28...entomology and plant pathology—epp#60 volume 28, issue 4...

J.L. Darling Corporation has just released a new product known as “Rite in the Rain,” which is an all-weather writing paper. It is a record keeping book designed to help farmers document the correct use of pesticides. This is a perfect tool commonly needed for writing notes or records during high humidity or extremely wet conditions. Remember, the 1990 Farm Bill requires all private applicators keep pesticide application records of Restricted Use Products (RUPs) for a period of 2 years. This all-weather product, # 1689 Pesticide Application Record Book, enables users to comply with the law. For more information you may visit the company website at http://www.RiteintheRain.com

EAB-TCD Conference-Save the Date

In addition to Emerald Ash Borer, topics on the program will also include updates on Thousand Cankers Disease and the status of the Asian Longhorned Beetle survey in Ohio and KY (and hopefully no finds in TN)! Since the National meeting of the Entomological Society of America ends on Wednesday evening in downtown Knoxville, we hope that we will be able to attract speakers and conference attendees that will stay for a day or two after the ESA meeting to participate in the UT EAB conference. Please put this on your calendar. We hope you will plan to attend. More information can be found on the web at: http://protecttnforests.org/

ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY—EPP#60

September 7, 2012 Volume 28, Issue 4

WHAT’S HAPPENING

Inside this issue:

Field Crop Rust Forecast bulletin 4-8

Southern Stem Canker Showing Up 8-9

Plant and Pest Diagnostic Highlights 10-11

Other Pest Management Newsletters 12

A New Pesticide Recordkeeping Tool

A New Pesticide Recordkeeping Tool 1

EAB-TCD Conference-Save the Date 1

Recertification Point Assignments 2

Soybean Rust Update (9-4-12) 3

By Darrell Hensley

By Beth Long

http://www.RiteintheRain.com�http://protecttnforests.org/�

Recertification Point Assignments for Commercial Applicators

Page 2 WHAT’S HAPPENING

By Darrell Hensley Individuals who become certified may maintain their pesticide certification either by re-taking the certification exam or by obtaining points from approved meetings/seminars/workshops. Below, lists information concerning the purpose of certification and the areas of subject matter that must be reviewed to receive re-certification credit. The Purpose of Recertification:

• To further enhance the skills of applicators and routinely update their knowledge as new information becomes available and if new control technologies are developed • Enhance professionalism.

Topics which may receive credit @seminars/workshops/meetings/field days: Events must cover one or multiple items listed below. Subject areas should be reviewed

for at least one hour to receive 1 point re-certification credit. Partial points will not be assigned and/or awarded to events and/or attendees. Point assignments will only be placed on events which cover hourly increments. (Example: a meeting covering any of the topics listed below for 2 hours, 45 minutes would only receive 2 points credit. However, if the presentation lasts 2 hours, 45 minutes with 15 minutes questions and answers, then 3 points credit could be assigned.)

TOPIC AREAS • Pest (Pest I.D., damage, habitat, life cycle, etc.,)

• Pest Control, IPM, chemicals, etc., • Methods to reduce resistance • Resistant varieties • Pesticide mode of action • Sprayer calibration, nozzle placement, application equipment, etc.

• Pesticide Safety and Protecting: • Workers and Pesticide Handlers • Environment • Endangered Species • Water Quality Information concerning annual meetings/workshops or upcoming meetings held through the University or other academic institutions (such as: experiment stations, University personnel, county offices and/or county personnel) should be submitted to the PSEP Coordinator to receive re-certification credit. Visit http://psep.utk.edu or call 865-974-1286, for more information concern-ing the Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP). Private or commercial meetings held by individuals, companies or organizations that are not academic in nature may contact the Tennessee Department of Agriculture @ 615-837-5310 to obtain re-certification credit.

http://psep.utk.edu�

Soybean Rust Update (9-4-12)

Page 3 VOLUME 28, ISSUE 4

By Melvin Newman and Heather Young Kelly Soybean rust has not been detected infecting soybeans or kudzu in Tennessee as of this date. However, extremely small amounts of soybean rust have been confirmed in several counties in central Mississippi and some in Alabama and Arkansas. This is in the delta about 60 to 70 miles from the border of Tennessee. The amount of rust found was small but active. We are continu-ing to monitor for soybean rust in 12 soybean sentinel plot locations across Tennessee. Re-cently, weather conditions have changed to a level that is conducive for rust development and spread in West Tennessee and to some extent into Middle Tennessee. However, data has shown that it could take 30 or more days of favorable weather to cause any yield damage. Tropical Storm Isaac brought rain to the mid-south last week (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/TS-Isaac) and possibly transported soybean rust spores. Producers should monitor their later soybeans for possible rust infections especially those fields that are still in good condition after the dry weather. Soybeans that have already reached the “R5” growth stage (seed 1/8 inch long in any pod on any of the top 4 nodes) will probably not have a yield reduction this late in the growing season even if soybean rust develops over the next few weeks. The national rust web site (www.sbrusa.net) is the best place to check on where soybean rust has been found or just call the UT Rust Hot Line (1-877-875-2326) any time for a free one minute update. Your local county Extension leader will also be able to help you identify soybean rust. We are not recommending spraying for rust at this time but producers should keep alert and report to their County Agent any possible rust infections. If weather conditions remain favorable and rust spreads into Tennessee, recommendations may be made to spray a Triazole or Triazole + Strobilurin fungicide under certain conditions where soybeans are still able to produce a potential yield of at least 30 bushels/acre and are still in a growth stage between R1 and R5. Most soybeans are already passed this stage and will probably not be harmed by a rust infection this late in the growing season. Some soybean fields may be affected so severely by the dry weather that it would not be economical to add the expense of a fungicide application. Producers who have already sprayed with a fungicide (Triazole or a mixture of Triazole + Strobilurin) for other diseases may still have some protection from rust infection if it has not been over 2 or 3 weeks since they sprayed.

http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/graphics_at4.shtml?5-daynl�http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/graphics_at4.shtml?5-daynl�http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/graphics_at4.shtml?5-daynl�http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/graphics_at4.shtml?5-daynl�http://www.sbrusa.net�

Field Crop Rust Forecast Bulletin September 2nd, 2012


Submitted by Beth Long Weekly Weather Forecast The remnants of Hurricane Isaac will be the main weather focus of the early part of the week as it moves northward and eastward. Heavy rainfall either has moved through or will move through some of the most drought-stricken states such as Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio over Labor Day weekend. By Monday and Tuesday, the heaviest rain will be in the mid-Atlantic through the Southeast while the Central and Southern Plains become more sunny and hot. High temperatures early week will be in the mid to upper 90's °F with some areas topping 100 °F. For the remainder off the week in the Gulf Coast region, hot, humid weather will be the norm with a chance for scattered afternoon showers and thunderstorms each day. High temperatures will be in the lower 90's °F with low temperatures in the lower 70's °F in most areas currently positive for soybean rust along the Gulf Coast. Areas of northeastern Mexico will experience similar, though perhaps a bit drier, weather during the week. By next weekend, a greater chance of rainfall is expected for the area.

Soybean Rust Risk Assessment (ZedX, Inc. & PSU) Soybean rust has been slow to spread out of the Gulf Coast and Southeast in 2012. This can be attributed in part to the extreme drought across most of the central United States and main soybean growing regions. Conditions have been more conducive for rust spread in the South-east, and rust has now spread into southeastern Arkansas and South Carolina with further spread northward in Mississippi and Alabama (see image at right). With the recent landfall of Hurricane Isaac in Louisiana, the heavy rains, thick cloud cover, northerly winds, and track of the storm system provided ideal conditions for rust transport (see map on next page).

The image at right shows areas currently positive for soybean rust in northeastern Mexico and throughout the southern U.S. Recent rainfall and cooler than average temperatures have made conditions more conducive for rust spread across the Gulf Coast and Southeast, but extreme heat further north has likely limited transport northward until landfall of Isaac last week.

Spores were predicted to be transported as far north as the Northern Plains, with the heaviest spore transport over Arkan-sas and Louisiana. Much of the heaviest wet deposition of spores from the storm was also expected to occur over Louisi-ana, Arkansas, and further north into Missouri, Iowa, and Illinois. However, given the extreme drought experienced this year and still, as of yet relatively low source innoculum found in commer-cial soybean fields, the Activity Ensem-ble warning map has only be expanded northward to include Missouri (yellow wait area) and Arkansas (orange warn-ing area). If conditions remain condu-cive for the coming week across por-tions of the Corn Belt region, the yellow areas may be expanded northward to account for additional early week rainfall.

Continued from page 4


The image above shows predicted spore transport resulting from the landfall of Hurricane Isaac in Louisiana. Note that the majority of the transport was predicted for Louisiana, Arkansas, and the lower Mississippi River Basin. Note also the area of spore Transport predicted for the Northern Plains.

The image above shows the risk areas for soybean rust spread. Note the expansion of orange “warn” areas across Arkansas, and the expansion of yellow “wait” northward into Missouri. This is due to the heavier rainfall and largest amounts of spore transport and deposition predicted by the IAMS soybean rust model.



Precipitation Pattern The drought conditions have continued to persist in the central U.S. as extreme and exceptional drought conditions continued to expand through August 28th (the date of the last issue of the U.S. Drought Monitor). The good news is that rainfall from Hurricane Isaac and its remnants fell on some of the most drought stricken areas. Unfortunately for farmers, that precipitation will be too little too late for this growing season of corn and soybean. Many of the extreme drought stricken areas of Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas received over 5 inches of rainfall over the last week (see map on next page) including 2+ inches of rain in Indiana and Ohio. Only extreme eastern parts of Kansas and Oklahoma received rain from Isaac, while Nebraska received only a limited amount of rain. By the next drought issue, a bit of drought relief is expected along the path of Isaac.

The above image is the most recent drought monitor map produced by the National Drought Mitigation Center (http://www.drought.unl.edu/). Note the areas of extreme to exceptional drought persisting through the much of the central U.S. The hot and dry weather in these areas will likely continue in these areas and inhibit the transport of soybean rust to the north.

The above image is the most recent drought monitor map produced by the National Drought Mitigation Center (http://www.drought.unl.edu/). Note the areas of extreme to exceptional drought persisting through the much of the central U.S. The hot and dry weather in these areas will likely continue in these areas and inhibit the transport of soybean rust to the north.

http://www.drought.unl.edu/index.htm�http://www.drought.unl.edu/�http://www.drought.unl.edu/index.htm�http://www.drought.unl.edu/�

Long Range Field Crop Rust Risk Assessment The long range assessments of temperature and precipitation show above normal temperatures for most of the central United States and well above normal for the northern U.S. and Northeast. Precipitation is expected to be above normal over the next three months along the Gulf Coast. Given this assessment, drought conditions will be expected to persist in areas that didn't receive recent heavy rainfall from Hurricane Isaac and its remnants. Conditions should continue to remain conducive for soybean rust spread in the Gulf Coast.



The image at left is the 7-day observed precipita-tion valid 9/2/2012 1200 UTC from the NWS Ad-vanced Hydrologic Pre-diction Service (http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php). Pre-cipitation is observed at NWS River Forecast Centers and displayed as a gridded field on a 4 km x 4 km resolution. Note the heavy rainfall along the path of Isaac (12+ inches in Louisiana and Mississippi, 5+ inches across Arkansas, Missouri, and Illinois).

The above images are a seasonal climate outlook depicting the probability of departures from normal in temperature (upper left) and precipitation (upper right) through November, 2012. Above average temperatures are expected to continue over most of the continental United States, especially north. Above average rainfall is expected to continue along the Gulf Coast. The outlook is produced courtesy of the NOAA-NWS Climate Prediction Center (http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/).

http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://water.weather.gov/precip/index.php�http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/�http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/�http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/�http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/�



Tropics Currently Tropical Storm Leslie is approaching the Caribbean Sea. Despite being forecast to strengthen to a hurricane by late week, it is not expected to impact the U.S. Acknowledgments: The Field Crop Rust Forecast Bulletin is produced by Jeremy Zidek (ZedX, Inc.) with assistance from S.A. Isard and J. Golod (PSU). It contains maps and other information contributed by student interns in the PSU Ensemble Field Crop Rust Forecasting Program, USDA, and NOAA. Funding for forecasting is provided by the USDA.

Stem canker (Diaporthe pheseolorum var. meridionalis) is now causing severe damage and death in some susceptible soybean varieties at the Milan REC and at two field research loca-tions near Dyersburg, TN. This is the most stem canker we have noted in several years. Stem canker can be seen as just a dead plant here and there or in very susceptible varieties almost every plant can be killed. This year in many cases, where light or sandy soil exists, charcoal rot root may be the cause of early death. This is because some of the symptoms of charcoal rot may be confused with those of stem canker. Both diseases show symptoms of dead leaves remaining attached late in the season.

First symptoms of stem canker appear as small reddish brown spots on stems near a lower node. These spots develop into cankers that can be several inches long running up the stem from the point of infection but only on one side (Image1 & 2). As the plant dies and the stem turns brown, the cankers are difficult to distinguish from the rest of the stem tissue.

Leaf symptoms first appear as yellowing between the veins being more apparent on one side of the affected leaves (Image 3). These leaves later turn brown and die but remain stuck to the stem. Affected dry plants can easily break over when pushed. The pith of the stems will turn a light brown instead of remaining white and healthy (Image 4). In some cases, the Dectes stem borer may have caused a dark- brown pith, but usually does little damage. Seed from diseased plants will be reduced in size and number reducing yield, depending on the disease severity. Planting infected seed the following year can increase the severity of stem canker and can be carried to other fields. Infected crop debris can cause disease up to 18 months, so a two year rotation is necessary to rid fields of stem canker.

Stem canker resistant varieties should always be planted especially in fields that have had a history of stem canker. However, producers should take care and plant varieties that not only have stem canker resistance, but look to include resistance to other diseases such as frogeye leaf spot and Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS). A complete list of resistant varieties planted at the disease nursery at the MREC will be published as soon as they are rated for disease.

Southern Stem Canker Showing Up By Melvin Newman and Heather Young Kelly



Image 1

Image 2

Image 3

Image 4

Plant and Pest Diagnostic Highlights


By Bruce Kauffman We received 99 samples from August 21 to September 5, 2012, including 35 samples via the UT Diagnostic Web Site.

FIELD CROPS: Possible ozone damage to soybean leaves; hollow stalk bacterial disease following topping and sucker removal on KY 14 X L8LC tobacco; fusarium wilt of tobacco.

FRUIT & VEGETABLES: Cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii) and summer dormancy causing leaf defoliation of cherry and plum; possible alternaria blotch and necrotic leaf blotch of apple leaves; alternaria leaf and pod spot of green beans; suspected phenoxy herbicide damage to okra leaves; gray leaf spot and northern corn leaf spot of sweet corn; dry core fungal rot of apple fruit; pH and nutrient deficiency of cucumber; bad graft on cherry allowing root stock to sprout out; possible gummy stem blight or low pH of watermelon; suspected fusarium wilt of tomato and pepper .

INSECTS, CRUSTACEANS & MITES: Spider mites on elaeagnus leaves; eriophyid and spider mites on black walnut leaves; one of the assassin bugs on yew; lady beetle larvae, stink bug eggs and dermestid beetles (Trogoderma sp) in vegetable garden; southern red mites bronzing leaves of Saucer magnolia; midge leaf galls (Caryomyia sp) on hickory; oak spider mite damage to Nuttall oak; boxwood leafminers on boxwood foliage; lace bug and southern red mite damage on columnar hornbeam leaves; possible Japanese maple scale of native elms; suspected ambrosia beetle attack on the stem of ‘Red Sunset’ maple; sawflies and leaf beetles defoliating rose leaves; straw itch mites in hay affecting workers; ambrosia beetles infesting declining ash.

Insects and other pests around the home: Ichneumonid wasp (Megarhyssa sp); antlike flower beetles; ground beetles; click beetles; cockroach nymph; booklice feeding on rolled oats; organ-pipe mud daubers; female eastern hercules beetle; minute fungus beetle; drugstore beetles; spider beetles; moth flies; sawtoothed grain beetles; midges; suspected house spider; ground-hog burrow; voles chewing roots of hosta under mulch.

ORNAMENTALS & TREES: Hot, dry weather, botryosphaeria canker and/or plant competition caused branch death of Leyland cypress and arborvitae; older needle loss and interior branch death due to summer dormancy on loblolly pine; black stain root disease (Leptographium sp) killing eastern white pine; leucostoma canker and dry weather causing declining health of ornamental cherry; powdery mildew and early leaf drop of ‘Jane’ and other deciduous magnolias; pythium root rot and root knot nematodes of ‘Dragon Wing’, ‘Red Bronzeleaf’and ‘White Greenleaf’ begonias; soils too wet or too dry causing branch dieback and root decline of English laurel; red oak leaves deformed by powdery mildew; volutella and macrophoma foliage blights, edema, too dry or too wet soil, dog urine and possible pH and nutrient deficiency of boxwood; anthracnose leaf spot of Boston ivy; hot weather leaf scorch of Nuttall oak and pin oak; anthracnose foliage blight of dwarf mondograss; root dieback of azalea due to overly dry soils; botryosphaeria and endothia cankers of pin oak causing branch death; phytophthora root rot of ‘Friendship Tree’ Lawson cypress; leucostoma canker and hot, dry weather effects on Norway spruce;



possible phytophthora root collar canker of ‘Red Sunset’ maple; suspected Xylaria collar and root rot of yellowwood; black leaf spot (Stegophora ulmea), possible canker diseases and dry weather effects causing branch dieback of elm; poor root structure, possible pH problem and soils that were too wet and too dry caused decline of witch alder; phytophthora foliar and stem blight of annual vinca; possible wood decay of cherry following trimming; southern blight and phytophthora root rot of butterfly bushes; hot, dry weather causing needle and branch dieback of eastern hemlock; girdling roots on maple; suspected root and lower stem decay of eastern hemlock by Perennipora subacida; decline of willow possibly due to black canker infection.

TURF & FORAGE: Plant stress and anthracnose on bentgrass leaves; possible pH and nutrient deficiency, compaction and plant competition affecting zoysiagrass; 80% tall fescue infection by the endophytic fungus Acremonium sp; inflorescence smut of bermudagrass.

OTHER UT NEWSLETTERS WITH PEST MANAGEMENT INFORMATION Fruit Pest News http://web.utk.edu/~extepp/fpn/fpn.htm Tennessee Crop and Pest Management Newsletter http://www.utextension.utk.edu/fieldCrops/cotton/cotton_insects/ipmnewsletters.htm Ornamental Pest and Disease Update http://soilplantandpest.utk.edu/publications/ornamentalnwsltr.html School IPM Newsletter http://schoolipm.utk.edu Tennessee Soybean Rust Hotline - 877-875-2326 USDA Soybean Rust Web Site http://www.sbrusa.net This and other "What's Happening" issues can be found at http://eppserver.ag.utk.edu/Whats/whatshap.htm Entomology and Plant Pathology Web Site http://eppserver.ag.utk.edu

ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY—EPP#60

WHAT ‘S HAPPENING

Visit the UT Extension Web site at

http://utextension.tennessee.edu

Programs in agriculture and natural resources, 4-H youth development, family and consumer sciences, and resource development. University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture and county governments cooperating. UT Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment.

Precautionary Statement To protect people and the environment, pesticides should be used safely. This is everyone's re-sponsibility, especially the user. Read and follow label directions carefully before you buy, mix, ap-ply, store or dispose of a pesticide. According to laws regulating pesticides, they must be used only as directed by the label.

Disclaimer This publication contains pesticide recommendations that are subject to change at any time. The recommendations in this publication are provided only as a guide. It is always the pesticide applica-tor's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current label directions for the specific pesticide being used. The label always takes precedence over the recommendations found in this publica-tion.

Use of trade or brand names in this publication is for clarity and information; it does not imply ap-proval of the product to the exclusion of others that may be of similar, suitable composition, nor does it guarantee or warrant the standard of the product. The author(s), the University of Tennes-see Institute of Agriculture and University of Tennessee Extension assume no liability resulting from the use of these recommendations.

http://web.utk.edu/~extepp/fpn/fpn.htm�http://www.utextension.utk.edu/fieldCrops/cotton/cotton_insects/ipmnewsletters.htm�http://soilplantandpest.utk.edu/publications/ornamentalnwsltr.html�http://schoolipm.utk.edu/�http://schoolipm.utk.edu/�http://www.sbrusa.net/�http://eppserver.ag.utk.edu/Whats/whatshap.htm�http://eppserver.ag.utk.edu/�http://utextension.tennessee.edu�

EAB-TCD Conference-Save the DateEntomology and Plant Pathology—EPP#60September 7, 2012Volume 28, Issue 4What’s HappeningInside this issue:A New Pesticide Recordkeeping ToolRecertification Point Assignments for Commercial ApplicatorsPage #What’s HappeningSoybean Rust Update (9-4-12)Page #Volume 28, Issue 4Field Crop Rust Forecast Bulletin September 2nd, 2012Page #What’s HappeningContinued from page 4Page #Volume 28, Issue 4Continued from page 5Page #What’s HappeningContinued from page 6Page #Volume 28, Issue 4Continued from page 7Page #What’s HappeningSouthern Stem Canker Showing Up Continued from page 8Page #Volume 28, Issue 4Plant and Pest Diagnostic HighlightsPage #What’s HappeningContinued from page 10Page #Volume 28, Issue 4Entomology and Plant Pathology—EPP#60

what’s happening happening/volume 28...entomology and plant pathology—epp#60 volume 28, issue 4...

Documents