what you will do

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What You Will Do

Identify factors that influence your food choices.

Explain the role of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in your eating plan.

Identify the recommended daily amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

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Terms to Know

nutrients

nutrition

culture

carbohydrates

proteins

fats

calorie

adipose tissue

dietary fiber

amino acids

vegetarian

saturated fatty acids

trans fatty acids

unsaturated fatty acids

cholesterol

LDL

HDL

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The Importance of Nutrition

Personal fitness requires positive lifestyle choices including physical activity and healthful eating.

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Healthful Eating

Good nutrition involves eating a variety of healthful foods.

Nutrition

The study of food and how your body

uses the substances in

food.

Terms to Know

Healthful eating means taking in the proper amount of nutrients each day.

Nutrition

The study of food and how your body

uses the substances in

food.

Nutrients

Substances in food that your body

needs for energy, proper growth,

body maintenance, and functioning.

Terms to Know

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Healthful Eating

HungerAppetiteCulture

Culture

The shared customs,

traditions, and beliefs of a

particular group.

Term to Know

Family and friends

Emotions

Convenience and cost

Advertising

These are some of the factors that influence your food choices:

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Carbohydrates

The starches and sugars found in

food.

Term to KnowNutrients for Energy

There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients.

Carbohydrates are the body’s chief source of energy.

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Proteins

Nutrients that help build,

maintain, and repair body

tissues.



Proteins serve as a secondary source of energy.

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Fats

Substances that supply a

concentrated form of energy

and help transport other

nutrients to locations in the

body where they are needed.



Fats, or lipids, are another type of nutrient that provide energy.

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Healthful Eating

Your body’s energy needs are measured in calories.

Calorie

The amount of energy needed

to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (about a quart) of water 1 degree Celsius OR the unit of

measurement for energy.

Term to Know

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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are classified as:

Simple carbohydratesThese are sugars found in fruits, candy, cookies and soda.

They provide quick energy.

Complex carbohydratesThese are starches found in vegetables like corn and potatoes, as well as breads, cereals, pastas, rice, and dry beans.

They provide sustained energy.

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Carbohydrates

If a person takes in more carbohydrates than their body can use for energy or store as glycogen, the excess glucose is stored as adipose tissue.

Adipose tissue

Body fat.

Term to Know

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Carbohydrates

Dietary fiber is not digestible in humans and thus provides no calories.

Dietary fiber

A special subclass of

complex carbohydrates

that has several functions,

including aiding the body in digestion.

Term to Know

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Protein

Protein is a component of bones, connective tissue, skin, blood, and vital organs.

Your body needs protein to:

grow, repair, and maintain itself

help fight disease

supply energy

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Protein

There are 22 different amino acids.Amino acids

The building blocks of proteins.

Term to Know

Your body can manufacture all but nine. These are called essential amino acids because you must get them from the foods you eat. (The essential amino acids are arginine (required for the young, but not for adults), histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.)

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Protein

There are two types of proteins found in foods:Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids.

Animal products such as meats and dairy products are sources of complete proteins.

Incomplete proteins lack one or more of the essential amino acids.

With the exception of soybeans, plant foods are incomplete proteins.

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Protein

Vegetarians must eat a variety of plant-based foods and dairy products to ensure an adequate intake of complete proteins.

Vegetarians

Individuals who eliminate meat, fish, and poultry from their eating

plans.

Term to Know

Vegans are vegetarians who also eliminate eggs and dairy products from their diets.

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Fats

The positive properties of fats:

Fats supply twice the energy of a gram of carbohydrate or protein.

Fats supply twice the energy of a gram of carbohydrate or protein.

Fats transport and absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K.Fats transport and absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Fats help regulate the hormone testosterone, which is used to build body tissue.

Fats help regulate the hormone testosterone, which is used to build body tissue.

Fats enhance the flavor and texture of foodsFats enhance the flavor and texture of foods

Fats help satisfy huger because they take longer to digest.Fats help satisfy huger because they take longer to digest.

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Fats

The negative properties of fats:

Eating too many fats can clog arteries and lead to heart disease.Eating too many fats can clog arteries and lead to heart disease.

Eating too many fats can lead to certain types of cancer.Eating too many fats can lead to certain types of cancer.

Fat that is not used as energy is stored as adipose tissue.Fat that is not used as energy is stored as adipose tissue.

Excess body fat can lead to unhealthful weight gain and obesity.Excess body fat can lead to unhealthful weight gain and obesity.

Excess fat can lead to type 2 diabetes.Excess fat can lead to type 2 diabetes.

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Fats

Fats are classified into three basic types:

SaturatedFatty Acids

TransFatty Acids

UnsaturatedFatty Acids

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Saturated fatty acids

Fats that come mainly from animal fats,

including butter and lard, and are

often solid at room

temperature.

Term to KnowFats

Saturated fatty acids are found in many foods, including fatty meats, cheese, ice cream, whole milk, palm oil, and coconut oil.

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Trans fatty acids

Fats that are formed when

certain oils are processed into

solids.

Term to KnowFats

Trans fatty acids are in processed foods such as margarine and shortening.

They can often be identified by the words partially hydrogenated in the list of ingredients.

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Unsaturated fatty acids

Fats that are usually liquid at

room temperature and

come mainly from plant sources.

Term to KnowFats

Unsaturated fatty acids include corn oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and some fish oils.

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Fats

Saturated fats and trans fat contain cholesterol.

Cholesterol

A fatlike substance that is produced in the

liver and circulates in the

blood.

Term to Know

Cholesterol circulates through the bloodstream in fat-protein “packages” called lipoproteins.

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Fats

There are two types of lipoproteins.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

A type of compound that carries

cholesterol from the liver to areas of the

body where it is needed.

Terms to Know

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)



A type of compound that carries

cholesterol from the liver to areas of the

body where it is needed.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

A type of compound that picks up excess

cholesterol and returns it to the liver.

Terms to Know

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Fats

Fats should make up about 20% to 30% of your daily calories.

To reduce your fat intake:

Limit your use of solid fats.

Choose fat-free or low-fat products.

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Lesson 1 Review

1. Vocabulary What is nutrition?

2. Vocabulary List two categories of carbohydrates. Name two foods that are a good source of each type.

3. Recall What are the three types of fatty acids? Which two raise blood cholesterol levels?

Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. Vocabulary

The study of food and how your body uses the substances in food.

2. Vocabulary

Two types of carbohydrates are simple and complete. Examples will vary.

3. Recall

Saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids; saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids raise cholesterol.

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