what will we learn today? what will we learn today? 10.9.1 soviet control over eastern europe 10.9.2...
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What will we learn today?What will we learn today?10.9.1 Soviet control over Eastern Europe10.9.2 Competition for Cold War influence10.9.5 Uprisings in Hungary and Czechoslovakia
You are the leader of a newly formed country. Think about how you would rule your country. Would you rather be loved or feared as a ruler? Why? How would you accomplish that?
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• Analyze Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union-China split.
• Trace the origins of détente and its effects on the Cold War.
• Describe the renewal of Cold War tensions in the 1980s.
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How did different leaders in the U.S. and the Soviet Union impact the direction of the Cold
War?
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The policies of different leaders of the Soviet Union and the U.S. either increased or decreased tension during the Cold War throughout its decades-long existence. The Cold War began to thaw as the superpowers entered an era of uneasy diplomacy.
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Rebellion; a usually violent effort by many people to change the government or leader of a country
The U.S. hoped the Bay of Pigs invasion would launch an uprising against Fidel Castro.
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Someone who strongly and publicly disagrees with and criticizes the government
The Soviets targeted and severely punished political dissidents.
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A lessening of unfriendly or hostile relations between countries
Many people supported the idea of détente in the Cold War because it made the threat of nuclear war less likely.
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What is a satellite nation?
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Why was it important to Stalin to set up satellite nations?
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• 1953 – Stalin died of a stroke
• Replaced by Nikita Khrushchev
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• Once in power, Khrushchev denounced Stalin for targeting loyal Soviet citizens
• Began process of “destalinization” to purge country of Stalin’s memory
• But a Khrushchev-led Soviet Union still refused to give up control of satellite nations
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• map
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• October 1956 – Protesters supported by Hungarian army overthrew Soviet-controlled govt.
• Imre Nagy formed a new govt. and promised free elections
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• Soviets responded to this new govt. by invading Hungary
• Hungarians weren’t able to hold back the Soviets
• Pro-Soviet govt. was installed and Nagy was executed
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Who replaced Stalin as leader of the Soviet Union?
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Who was the leader of the Hungarian uprising?
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How did the Soviets respond to this uprising in Hungary?
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• map
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• The Cuban Missile Crisis made Khrushchev look weak to the Soviets
• Soon after, he was replaced by Leonid Brezhnev
• Brezhnev was a harsh and oppressive leader– Limited freedom of speech
and worship– Censored writings– Arrested dissidents
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• Brezhnev also made it clear he wouldn’t tolerate protest in satellite nations
• 1968 - Alexander Dubcek replaced a strict dictator in Czechoslovakia
• Dubcek implemented reforms like more freedom of speech and more freedom of the press in Czechoslovakia
• This period became known as Prague Spring– A time for new ideas and
looser restrictions
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• But the Prague Spring didn’t last long
• The Soviets feared that the Prague Spring might inspire a revolt
• Troops from Warsaw Pact nation invaded Czechoslovakia in the summer.
• Czechoslovakia remained under Soviet control
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• When Mao came to power in China, he signed a treaty of friendship with Stalin
• Soviets figured China would follow Soviet leadership in world affairs
• But China grew more confident and started to spread their own form of communism
• Soviets respond by refusing to share nuclear secrets and ending economic aid
• Tensions existed until end of Cold War
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Why was Khrushchev replaced?
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Who replaced Khrushchev?
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Who was Alexander Dubcek?
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What was the Prague Spring?
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Why were the Soviets not happy about the Prague Spring?
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What did the Soviets do in response to the Prague Spring?
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What is brinkmanship?
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Brinkmanship
• Policy of brinkmanship was in place under Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson
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• Détente Policy of lessoning tension
• Practiced under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford
• 1972 – Nixon visited Communist China
• SALT Treaty – US and USSR agreed to limit number of missiles owned by each country
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• The fiercely anti-Communist Ronald Reagan became president in 1981.
• Moved away from détente
• Increased defense spending
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• 1983 – Reagan creates Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a space-based program to protect U.S. from missiles
• More commonly referred to as “Star Wars”
• Never put into place because too costly and too complicated
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What was the most serious example of brinkmanship in action?
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What are two examples of détente in action?
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Which president ended the practice of détente by the U.S.?
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What was “Star Wars”?
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