what was wwi called before it was called wwi?
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What was WWI called before it was called WWI? . Why is World War I called W.W.I?. The Great War “The War to end all Wars ” The Trench war 1914-1918. World W ar II 1939-1945. Essential Question: (EQ) What are some underlying factors that are going to help start the Great War?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
What was WWI called before it was called WWI?
Why is World War I called W.W.I?
The Great War“The War to end all Wars”
The Trench war1914-1918
World War II 1939-1945
Essential Question: (EQ) What are some underlying factors that are going to
help start the Great War?
►Nationalism (pride in your race or country. Wanting your own land for your people)
►Land /Border disputes (fights) in Europe
►Fighting around the world for colonies►Militarism (building your army and navy,
training soldiers)►Military Alliances (agreements to help each
other if war breaks out)
All these factors made Europe in 1914 a
(barrel of gunpowder)►Nationalism ► Land disputes►Militarism►Alliances
Closing Activity: ► In the summary box at
the bottom of the paper
► Write at least 2 sentences answering this question:
► What are some causes of
►The Great War (WWI)
Austrian soldiers in W.W.I
Austria – Hungary Empire
The Balkans: The “powder keg” of EuropeThe many regions of southeast Europe where there are lots of
different ethnicities and religions- and they fight all the
time
The Balkans
The Alsace -Lorraine
►Backward Farmers►Worried about
Russia/Serbia►Wants a navy►Hates Germany►Biggest Empire most
Colonies around the world
►Ambitious – wants power►Diverse and
drama/fighting►Afraid of Russia and
France►Afraid of Germany
wanting colonies and navy
►Serbian Terrorist network who hated Austrian Rule
►Plotted terrorist acts against Austrians
Who are they?►Worried about
the German navy?
►Lots of different people groups
►Isolated Island►Want back the
Alsace- Lorraine►Mostly backward
farmers
►Worried about Serbia and Russia
►Want colonies and a strong navy
Prelude to the “spark” that blows the Powder Keg
►Franz Ferdinand
► Son of the Austrian/Hungary King
►Goes to Sarajevo, Bosnia to give a speech on June 28th –
► the most patriotic day in Serbian History
The “spark”►19 year-old ►Gavrilo Princip ►a Serbian living in
Bosnia ►and member of
“The Black Hand” a Serbian terrorist group
► shoots and kills both Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife Sofia
► Huge country and army, farming not industry doesn’t like Austria, supports Serbia
► Strong army and industry, wants colonies and bigger navy, hated by France
► Strong economy and navy, lots of colonies, isolated from continental Europe
► Decent army and economy, Lost land to Germany
► Huge unstable empire. Many unhappy people groups inside their empire
►France
►Austria Hungary
►Britain
►Germany
►Russia
The 2 sides in WWI ►Central Powers►*►*
►Triple Entente (Allies)
►*►*
*
The “short and skinny” of how an assassination leads to a World War1. Serbians living in Bosnia hate the fact that Austria rules them2. A Serbian terrorist group plots and kills Franz Ferdinand 3. Austria wants to go to war against Serbia but are afraid of
Russia because both Serbia and Russia are of the Slavic race4. Russia tells Austria – to not mess with Serbia4. Germany tells its ally Austria to do what it needs to do and if
Russia jumps in they’ll take care of Russia 5. So Austria declares war on Serbia 6. Russia gets pissed and moves it’s troops to the Austrian
border but does not cross7. Germany (itching for a fight) says that moving troops to the
border is an act of war so it attacks Russia 8. Germany knows that Russia is allied with France and
eventually France will get in - so they decide to attack France9. The easiest way to Paris is through Belgium so the Germans
invade Belgium first to get to France10. This angers Britain so Britain declares war on Germany and
AustriaGAME ON
IN SUM : what should’ve been a war between Serbia and Austria becomes a World War due to Alliances
Serbians living in Bosnia hate the fact that Austria rules them
* A Serbian terrorist group plots and kills Franz Ferdinand
* Austria wants to go to war against Serbia but are afraid of Russia because both Serbia and Russia are of the Slavic race
* Russia tells Austria – to not mess with Serbia
* Germany tells its ally Austria to do what it needs to do and if Russia jumps in they’ll take care of Russia
* So Austria declares war on Serbia * Russia gets pissed and moves it’s
troops to the Austrian border but does not cross
* Germany (itching for a fight) says that moving troops to the border is an act of war so it attacks Russia
* Germany knows that Russia is allied with France and eventually France will get in - so they decide to attack France
* The easiest way to Paris is through Belgium so the Germans invade Belgium first to get to France
* This angers Britain so Britain declares war on Germany and AustriaGAME ON
IN SUM : what should’ve been a war between Serbia and Austria becomes a World War due to Alliances
Assignment: ►On a sheet of
notebook paper answer the following question:
►What was the major factor that caused World War I?
►Nationalism► Land disputes►Militarism►Alliances
Today’s Submarine (summary)
► In the summary space of your Cornell Notes
►answer this question and support it
What , in your opinion, was the major factor that caused World War I?
►Nationalism► Land disputes►Militarism►Alliances
Sentence starter: The major factor that caused WWI was __________ for these reasons ___________________________________________
German Schlieffen Plan
► Defeat France quickly and then shift troops to the east to defeat Russia which they thought was slow to mobilize
► Question: why did Germany attack France so early in the war?
Closure Activity: Finish these Sentences…
►A factor that led to W.W.I was…
►Another factor that helped lead to W.W.I was
►The incident or “spark” that got the actual war started was …
►An assassination led to a world war because…
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (EQ)►Why did the United States get
into WWI?►Key words:► Neutrality► Kaiser► Propaganda► Blockade► “Zimmerman Note”
Western Front (France)70% of the battles and 70% war deaths
Trench Warfare
Huge Artillery Shells: Explode thousands of pieces of shrapnel (metal and lead)
► “Going over the Top” out of the Trenches and on the offensive
► No man’s Land: the area in between the 2 enemy trenches
► Casualties: both killed and wounded soldiers
► i.e., ► The battle of the Somme
had 800,000 casualties
In WWI Machine guns could fire up 100 bullets a minute
Machine guns killed more than any other weapon in WWI (millions)
Poison Gas► The use of poison gas in
World War I was a major military innovation. The gases ranged from disabling chemicals, such as tear gas and the severe mustard gas, to lethal agents like phosgene and chlorine.
► chemical warfare was a major component of the first global war and first total war of the 20th century.
► The killing capacity of gas, however, was limited — only 4% of combat deaths were due to gas.
Closure Activity: Finish these Sentences…
►The Schlieffen Plan was…►Soldiers were in the trenches
because..►Life in the Trenches was…►“No man’s land…►“Going over the Top”….►The machine gun….►Poison gas…
► Look at the new weapons of WWI and then discuss with your group these questions:
► 1. List as many things as you can of things that the weapon could do
► 2. Rate the effectiveness of the weapon
► Low 1 2 3 4 5 high
► 3. What was the most important weapon of WWI
► and why?
Huge artillery Cannons
airplanes
Tanks
submarines
Poison gasMachine guns
The Battle of the Somme (France) July-November 1916
► Before: bombardment million shells fired
► Allied soldiers advanced along a 25 mile offensive
► 60,000 casualties in the first day (20,000 dead)
► Generals kept sending soldiers to a certain death
► Losses► Britain – 420,000► France- 200,000► Germany – 500,000 ► Question: was this small
piece of land gained worth the lives of a almost a million people?
War of Attrition► is a
military strategy in which a side tries to win the war by fighting and fighting and trading losses with the enemy because you have more men and supplies to trade
Tanks of WWI
Tanks of W.W.II
Airplanes
►Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen was a German fighter pilot known as the "Red Baron". He was the most successful flying ace of World War I, being officially credited with 80 confirmed air combat victories.
Planes of World war II
Submarines – U boats(German unterseeboot)
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (EQ)►Why is the war going to come
to an end?►Key words:
UNRESTRICTED Submarine warfare (sinking both military and commercial ships) The Lusitania May 7th 1915 1,198 dead (128
Americans)The World is outraged and Germany pledges to
stop unrestricted warfare and only fire upon military craft
January 1917: Germany plans to blockade Britain and resume “Unrestricted submarine
warfare” ►Blockade: ►Blocking any
supplies from getting in or
►Out of a country’s harbors
Anti- German propaganda during W.W.I
Other factors that influenced Americans wanting Britain and
France to defeat Germany ►The USA had loaned
Britain and France way more than the had loaned Germany
►Helping Britain and France win would definitely help make sure USA would get paid back
Zimmerman Telegram
Doroteo Arranga more commonly known as (Francisco “Pancho” Villa)
Closure Activity: Finish these Sentences…
►What happened in the trenches on Christmas 1914 ….
►Tanks of W.W.I ….►Airplanes in W.W.I ….►U boats in W.W.I…►The Lusitania…►The 2 main reasons that the
US is going to get into WW1 are…
Kaiser Wilhelm – German King and ruler during WWI
U.S. president Woodrow Wilson’s speech asking Congress for a declaration of War
against Germany April 2nd 1917 ► Property can be paid for; the lives
of peaceful and innocent people cannot be. The present German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind.
► "It is a war against all nations. American ships have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of, but the ships and people of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and overwhelmed in the waters in the same way.
► "But they played their part in serving to convince us at last that that government entertains no real friendship for us and means to act against our peace and security at its convenience. That it means to stir up enemies against us at our very doors the intercepted Zimmerman note to the German minister at Mexico City is eloquent evidence.
John “Black Jack” Pershing:General/leader of American
troops in W.W.I
Vladimir LENIN leads the Bolsheviks in a Communist revolution to take control of
Russia. The Country is renamed the Soviet Union (USSR). Lenin gets Russia
out of World War I
Reasons that the GREAT WAR is going to come to an end
► All the nations were heavily in debt except for the U.S.► Millions were dead► Millions were wounded► Economies were a wreck► There were food shortages in Germany and Austria► The British naval blockade was doing a good job starving Germany► The Ottoman Empire had surrendered and was talking about peace terms with the
Allies► The last major German offensive to seize Paris was halted.► A revolution in Austria-Hungary brought about a new government. The new
government negotiated a peace treaty with the Allies► There were a number of German and French mutinies (refusals to obey orders from
the commanding officers)► The U.S. had the money and men to keep the war going for a long time► Many Europeans felt that American president Woodrow Wilson’s 14-point peace plan
offered a fair plan for peace and so were willing to talk of a ceases-fire
Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting
►Nobody won WWI and nobody lost WWI
►They just decided to stop fighting
► It is not necessarily the end of a war, but just a stoppage of killing while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace.
So ►The involved
countries agreed to stop fighting on the symbolic
►11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month 1918 (November 11th Veterans’ Day)
►They then agreed to meet in January in Paris to write a peace treaty
Closure Activity: Finish these Sentences…
►The 2 main reasons that the US is going to get into WW1 are…
►The US decided to get into the war in year…
►WWI ended in year…►Vladimir Lenin…►Russia got out of WWI
because…►The Countries of the Central
Powers…
Woodrow Wilson
Paris Peace Conference: 1919to be held at Versailles (palace of French
Kings)►The Big 3 leaders
► Georges Clemenceau (France)
► Woodrow Wilson (USA)
► David Lloyd George (Britain)
►Wants a fair and lasting peace
►Wants to hurt Germany’s navy
►Wants a ‘League of Nations’ to discuss world problems
►Wants to punish Germany
►uncompromising►Idealist►compromiser►Realist
►Idealist: a person who believes in the ideal (or way that things should be) not the real way things are
Realist: a person who deals with the way things really are
►Idealist: a person who believes in the ideal (or way that things should be) not the real way things are
Realist: a person who deals with the way things really are
Wilson’s 14-point Peace Plan
points 1-5 would address the issues that many believed started the war in the first place
►1. end all secret treaties and alliances►2. Freedom of the seas►3. Free trade among nations►4 reduction in the number of troops
and sizes of navies►5. the adjustment of colonial claims
with fairness toward colonial people
Points 6-13 dealt with territorial changes and the
creation of new nations ► creation of new nations in Russia that
included Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus
►Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new and reduced Austria-Hungary
►The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point peace plan was viewed by many as workable. Points 1-5
► 1. an end all secret treaties and alliances
► 2. Freedom of the seas – no blockades, no hogging fishing areas
► 3. Free trade among nations
► 4. disarmament for all nations. Reduction in the size of everyone’s armies and navies
► 5. the adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people in Africa and Asia
Points 6-13► Self-determination or
creation of new nations
► in Russia that included: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus
► Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new and reduced Austria-Hungary
► The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine
►Disarmament: to reduce the size of nations’ armies and navies
► France wanted a policy of disarmament for Germany
►Appeasement: to give someone what they want or not confront them to avoid a conflict
► Lloyd George appeased Wilson on the League of nations to get what he wanted
Europe before and after W.W.I
►WWI came to an end on …►Who lost WWI?►3 of Wilson’s 14 points were…►The 14th point was…►The US never joined the….►3 new countries created by the
Treaty of Versailles were…►3 ways that Germany got screwed
were…►Germany signed the treaty
because…►The Treaty of Versailles…
