Upload File

what soil is! what it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil time the four components of soil:...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary
40
What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. James Cassidy

Upload: lydiep

Post on 26-Apr-2018

218 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

What Soil Is! What it does, how it works.

James Cassidy

Page 2: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary
Page 3: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary
Page 4: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

2 of the 12 Soil Orders

Aridisol Mollisol

Page 5: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Aridisol – 12% of the earth’s ice-free surface

Inceptisol – 17% of the earth’s ice-free surface

Page 6: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary
Page 7: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

No Oxisols or Gelisols!

Page 8: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Spodosol Oregon Coast

Page 9: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Soil is habitat!

Page 10: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

B – Bacteria A – Actinomycetes My – Mycorrhizae H – Saprophitic fungus N – Nematode CP – Ciliate protozoa FP – Flagellate protozoa M – Mite < 1mm

1/10 mm

Soil is a living thing! Not a chemical sponge!

Page 11: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Soil is: • “Rotted” Rock • Decomposed Organic Matter

What is Soil?

Page 12: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Bare rock

humus

Accumulation of humus rich in C and N

Colonization Plants

Plants use nutrients in humus, N

Lichen covers surface of rock biogeochemical weathering (fungi’s organic acids) attack rock

Colonization by pioneer organisms (lichen – Cyanobacteria + fungi)

N2 CO2

Rock to soil: Physical & chemical Weathering…together again! Weathering of Rocks by Lichens (fungi + cynanobacteria )

and the Accumulation of Nitrogen in Humus

http://www.lichen.com/ http://academic.reed.edu/biology/Nitrogen/Nfix1.html

releasing mineral nutrients for algea

organic matter + minerals = soil

Page 13: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Time

Page 14: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

The four components of soil:

(Sand, silt, clay)

Page 15: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Rock – primary mineral

Granite

Page 16: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Sand

Silt Clay

Clay is a secondary mineral - formed at normal surface temperatures

and normal surface pressures - The product of dissolution and

recrystallization

Page 17: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Rocks dissolve and recrystallize

Clay

Physical + Chemical

weathering

Recrystallization

Dissolved minerals

Primary rock

silicon, iron, alum., mag., potassium, calcium…

sheets of silica and aluminum oxide

Page 18: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

When rocks dissolve…

O OH

O O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

Si Al

Tetrahedron - a 3D geometric form contained by four plane faces; a triangular pyramid. Octahedron - a 3D geometric form contained by eight plane faces.

Page 19: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Octahedral sheet

Octahedral sheet

Tetrahedral sheet

Tetrahedral sheet

Tetrahedral sheet

Tetrahedral sheet

…and recrystallize. Clay – secondary mineral

Page 20: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Octahedral sheet

Octahedral sheet

Tetrahedral sheet

Tetrahedral sheet

Tetrahedral sheet

Tetrahedral sheet

Iron

-

-

-

-

- +2

+3

Isomorphic Substitution… one source of charge in soils

Page 21: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

~ 100,000x magnification

- - -

-

-

- -

Page 22: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

- - -

-

-

- -

Page 23: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Fibrous illite (a clay mineral) in Tordillo sandstone, Neuquen basin, west-central Argentina

- - -

-

-

- -

Page 24: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Nacrite

Nacrite, Lodève Basin, France

Field of view approx. 200 microns wide

- - -

-

-

- -

Page 25: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Kaolinite

Well crystallized kaolinite from the Keokuk geode, USA

Field of view approx. 18 microns wide -

- -

-

-

- -

Page 26: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

-

- -

-

-

- -

Page 27: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Clay

Clay http://virtual-museum.soils.wisc.edu/soil_smectite/index.htm

Page 28: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Soil is: • “Rotted” Rock • Decomposed Organic Matter

What is Soil?

Page 29: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

The four components of soil:

(Sand, silt, clay)

What is Organic Matter?

Page 30: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Sun

Humus (Organic Matter!)

Producers

Consumers Decomposers

air water

soil

Page 31: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Functions of Organic Matter 1. Carbon and energy - for soil organisms

2. Provides nutrient storage! – negative

charge – twice that of clay!

O ni

Organic Matter …provides another source of charge

in soils – twice that of clay!

Page 32: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

How a plant works

Nutrients

Page 33: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

How a plant works

Page 34: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary
Page 35: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Functions of Organic Matter 1. Carbon and energy - for soil organisms

2. Provides nutrient storage! – negative

charge – twice that of clay!

3. Structure - Stabilizes soil structure, making soil easily managed – SOIL GLUE!

O ni

Page 36: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Soil “structure”

Page 37: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

B – Bacteria A – Actinomycetes My – Mycorrhizae H – Saprophitic fungus N – Nematode CP – Ciliate protozoa FP – Flagellate protozoa M – Mite < 1mm

1/10 mm

Diverse Soil Structure Is Divers Habitat!

Page 38: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Soil Structural Stability - particles held & “glued” together

Disturb soil as little as possible!

Page 39: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Effect of OM on structure stability

Page 40: What Soil Is! What it does, how it works. matter + minerals = soil Time The four components of soil: (Sand, silt, clay) Rock – primary mineral Granite Sand Silt Clay Clay is a secondary

Soil is habitat!


soil - TypePadcampbellms.typepad.com/files/soil-notes.pdf · •soil’s ability to be broken up. ... Different Types of Soil •Every soil type is a mixture of sand, silt, clay

Different types of soil Soil is made of four parts: 1) Sand 2) Silt 3)Clay 4)Humus

Prepared by: Allen Hayes, Piedmont Regional Soil Scientist ......loam ( ↑ clay content) Problematic Soil Types Coarse-textured sands and sand-gravel mixtures Sandy Loam, Loam, Silt

Calculation of Uniform Coefficient, Soil Moisture ... Veeranna, et al.pdfHydrometer method was followed to determine the sand, silt and clay percentage of soil. The soil of the experimental

What is Soil? What is in Soil?organics.tennessee.edu/pdf/Soils101.pdf · 2 University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Soil Texture • Percentage of sand, silt and clay particles

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL INTRO TO SOILS CH 4. SOIL TEXTURE Describes the proportion of soil particle sizes: Sand Silt Clay Soil Texture influences

Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

Mudrocks. Introduction Mudrks mostly silt & clay Mudrks mostly silt & clay Sometimes called argillites Sometimes called argillites Make up 65% of sed

Soils I. Importance of soil II. Soil structure A. Composition B. Soil formation III. Soil types A. Soil types B. Soil particles: 1. Sand and silt 2. Clay

Soil SNC1D. Sand, Silt, and Clay The mineral part of soil is pieces of broken-down rocks. Largest pieces are sand, small pieces are clay, and the intermediate

Environmental Requirements. Soil n composed of sand, silt, and clay, organic matter, living organisms, and pore spaces

Ksat VALUES & - Society of Soil Scientists of Northern … clay and less than 50 percent sand and have loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, and silty clay loam textures. Some

G2245 Corn Soil-Water Extraction and Effective Rooting Depth in a Silt-Loam Soil · 2015. 9. 10. · remaining soil profile in a silt-loam soil, since clay par-ticles hold or bind

SHAJAPUR DISTRICT MADHYA PRADESH - Central ...cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/MP/Shajapur.pdf4 Major Soil Types Black Cotton soil, lateritic soil, alluvium mixed silt + clay 5 Principal

Monongahela Silt Loam - Soils 4 Teachers · The Monongahela Silt Loam is classified as silt loam in the upper portion of the soil then grades to a loam or clay loam lower in the soil

Agriculture States Department of Pottawattamie ... - silt… · 12B—Napier silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ... content of sand, silt, clay, salt, ... Custom Soil Resource Report

Estimation of soil nitrogen in agricultural regions by VNIR ......of soil parameters like soil labile nitrogen, carbon, organic matter, silt and clay in subtropical coastal wetlands

Soil Health Partnership: Efforts for Integration - c-agg.org · silt loam loam sandy loam silt loamy sand fine sand loamy fine sand sandy clay loam silty clay Soil Texture Class

SOIL PHYSICAL COMPONENTS “Getting to the root of the problem” sand silt clay air water Cation exchange tillage roots

Tunnel Cross passage Broken point - Geoengineer.org3.35 1 2 FILL CLAY SILT 6 5 SILT CLAY CLAY 71 SAND SILT ±0.00 2.23-11.37-16.47-24.77-33.27-45.77-20.37 1FILL 2 5 2 GRAY CLAY SILT1GRAY

SOILS: the real dirtMinerals: Sand, Silt, Clay Soil Fraction Diameter Description Surface Area (1 g) Sand 0.05 - 2 mm gritty 11 cm2 Silt 0.002 - 0.05 mm floury 1130 cm2 Clay smaller

Soil SOL 3.7. Soil provides nutrients for plants: made of rock, humus, clay, silt, and sand Weathering break down of rocks: creates soil Topsoil upper

Unit Unit 5 Soil Management and Field Preparationncert.nic.in/vocational/pdf/kegr105.pdf · Soil structure denotes varying shapes and arrangements of particles (sand, silt and clay)

Percent Clay Percent Silt - static.cambridge.org

Ripening Silt to clay - Universiteit Twente

Stabilization of Silt Clay Soil Using Molasses for Small

SOIL. Soil n composed of sand, silt, and clay, organic matter, living organisms, and pore spaces

Soil pH and Lime Rate - University Of Maryland · Roadside Geology. Parent material affects. 1. Texture – sand, silt, clay 2. Mineral weathering (i.e. nutrients available) Soil

Soil Microbial activity and nitrogen. Physical elements {TILTH} Physical elements {TILTH} – e.g. sand, silt, clay, organic material and aggregates (SOIL

Soil & Agriculture. Texture The percentages (by weight) of different sized particles of sand, silt and clay that it contains. Soil Properties:

3.4.2 Compare and contrast the structure and properties · Use the graph to determine the soil texture class from the following soil samples: Soil A Sand Silt Clay Soil texture class

NASA - CI PARTNERSHIP: MAPPING ECOSYSTEMS IN SUB …...X20 = Soil bulk density X21 = Soil clay content X22 = Soil depth X23 = Soil Ph X24 = Soil silt content X30 = Soil sand content

Soil. I. Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil A. Soil Texture – Relative amounts of sand, clay, and silt in the soil. Gives one of the best indicators

Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Physical … · Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Physical Properties of Alluvial Soils ... The objectives deep soil horizons. ... silt, clay,

Soil and FertilizerSoil and Fertilizer Managementcemonterey.ucanr.edu/files/85430.pdf · 2008-05-05 · Soil and FertilizerSoil and Fertilizer Management ... silt and clay mineral