what shapes an ecosystem? abiotic and biotic factors, community interactions write “updates to...
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Niche example Example: cane toad niche –How the cane toad interacts with all biotic/abiotic factors – for example: Bodies of water cane toads inhabit as tadpoles What shelter they use on land as adults The climate/type of ecosystem they survive in best How/when they reproduce What they eat and what eats them Etc… Note: no two species occupy the same exact niche! Brainstorm: why not? Competition! One species wins, one loses (leaves the niche, evolves, or goes extinct) eventually – might take timeTRANSCRIPT
What Shapes an Ecosystem? Abiotic and Biotic Factors, Community Interactions
• Write “Updates to 90-93 and Food Web Notes” on new page– Record clarifying info about pages 90-93 (part 1 –
minimal notes)– Takes notes on food webs (part 2)– USE YOUR NOTES TODAY TO ANSWER
QUESTIONS!
The “niche”• What is a niche?
– Full range of abiotic and biotic conditions in which an organism lives – and how it uses these conditions
– Biotic = living– Abiotic = nonliving
Niche example• Example: cane toad niche
– How the cane toad interacts with all biotic/abiotic factors – for example: • Bodies of water cane toads inhabit as tadpoles• What shelter they use on land as adults• The climate/type of ecosystem they survive in best• How/when they reproduce• What they eat and what eats them• Etc…
• Note: no two species occupy the same exact niche! Brainstorm: why not?
• Competition! One species wins, one loses (leaves the niche, evolves, or goes extinct) eventually – might take time
Competition • Could be competition for ANY type of resource
– Sun, water, food, space, nutrients, etc…• What is it? What is an example in your ecosystem jar?• Record ecosystem jar example
Predation• Predation: An interaction in which one organism
captures and feeds on another organism.• What is it? What is an example in your
ecosystem jar?• Record ecosystem jar example
Symbiosis
• Symbiotic relationship– A relationship in which two species live closely
together.• 3 main classes of symbiosis – what are they?
– Mutualism– Commensalism– Parasitism
Mutualism• What is it? What is an example in your
ecosystem jar?• Mutualism: Win-Win• Example: Shrew Loo• Record ecosystem jar example
Commensalism• What is it? What is an example in your
ecosystem jar?• Commensalism: Win-neutral• Example: Anemonefish• Record ecosystem jar example
– Snails laying eggs on Elodea
Parasitism• What is it? Is there an example in your ecosystem jar?• Symbiosis – when one species benefits and other is
harmed – but not really predation (win-lose)– Differs in that parasites often live in or on the host
• Example: Parasitic wasp
Food Webs (new notes!)• Usually represent predation in an ecosystem
– Show how biomass & energy move in ecosystems– Shows relationships between producers
(autotrophs) and consumers (heterotrophs)• Why are they useful?
– Orcas and salmon – enough to support Orcas?– Humans – enough food to support us?– What if organism(s) are removed? Predictions…– Easier than reading lots of papers (visual)
• Example food web – ecosystem jars!– Build now – show organisms
Energy in food webs (in 3-2)• Energy: ability to do work (NOT matter/material)
– Light energy (helps producers create food)– Chemical energy (light converted to chem in food)– Thermal energy (chem converted to “waste” heat)
• All energy begins at the producer level– Can move its way up a food web
• Brainstorm – why do consumers have about 10% of the energy available from organisms they consume?
• The remainder (90%) is: – 1) kept by producers– 2) lost as waste (thermal or chemical)– All life processes produce chemical and thermal waste– Show on food web now
Biomass in food webs (in 3-2)• Biomass: living material in an ecosystem (in
grams, usually)• All biomass begins at the producer level
– Moves its way up a food web• Do consumers retain all biomass they
consume?• No –Only about 10% gets to next level (rest is
kept or lost as waste – liquid, solid, gaseous)– Show on food web now
Energy vs. Matter
• Energy is NOT matter– Energy is stored in matter, can be released as
matter is broken down/metabolized– Plants store energy by making glucose/food– All organisms use/release energy by
consuming/breaking down food