What parts make up the circulatory system?HeartVessels

VeinsArteriesVenulesArteriolesCapillaries

Why do we need it?Vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from themPulmonary circuit vs systemic circuit

Pulmonary refers to the lungs; blood moving to or from the lungs

Systemic refers to the transportation of oxygen rich blood to all the different parts of the body and the removal of wastes from the cells

What are the parts of the heart?Label this diagram using your book.

Layers of the heartPericardium-membrane around the heart2 layersPericardial cavity-filled with serous fluid

Reduces friction between membrane and heart

Wall of heart has 3 layersEpicardium-reduce friction (made of adipose and

connective tissue); made of arteries and veins of the heartMyocardium-thick and made of cardiac muscle; high

blood flow hereEndocardium-has blood vessels and purkinje fibers (fibers

that help to coordinate the contraction of the heart; work with SA and AV node by carrying impulses to the myocardium)

Valves-who needs them?Prevents backflow of bloodValve regulated by papillary muscles (pull on

tendons) and chordae tendinae (pull on valve)Atrioventricular valves-valves between atrium and

ventricleTricupsid-b/w RA and RVMitral Valve (bicupsid valve)-b/w LA and LV

Prolapse-valve cusps bulge into the LASemilunar Valves

Pulmonary valve-right ventricle leading into pulmonary artery

Aortic Valve-valve before the aorta

Why do we need veins, arteries, and capillaries?Highway around the body!How are each different?

Veins-transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart Need to have valves-prevent backflow of blood Thinner walls Not as much pressure Vena cava (inferior and superior) Venules-smaller veins that lead from the capillaries to

the veins

Heart has coronary veins

Arteries-take oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the bodyStrong and elasticHave endothelium tissue that is smooth prevent

blood clotsHigh pressureMade of 3 layers

Tunica interna-inner most; provides smooth surface to prevent clots; help to dialate and constrict bv

Tunica media-middle; bulk of artery Tunica externa-thin; attaches artery to surrounding tissue

Arterioles-connect arteries to capillariesAorta

Vasoconstriction-reduce diameter and contractVasodialation-increase diameter and relax

CapillariesSmallestSemipermeable layer of cellsMuscles have a large number of these

whereas cartilage doesn’t (due to metabolic rate)

Allows oxygen to leave the blood that is in the capillaries and enter tissue. Allows wastes or carbon dioxide from tissues to leave the cells and enter the blood in the capillariesOsmosis, filtration, diffusion

Tons are in the lung alveoli

Arteriosclerosis vs artherosclerosis

Artherosclerosis-build up of plaque on walls of arteries

Arteriosclerosis-fat hardens and causes the artery to lose elasticity

Arteriosclerosis

Heart vesselsCoronary arteries exit

out of the aorta into left and right coronary arteries

Cardiac veins-bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium or coronary sinus

Blockage in the arteries causes a heart attack or myocardial infarction

Pathway from the right atrium back to the right atriumRight atriumTricupsid valveRight ventriclePulmonary valvePulmonary arteryLungs (capillaries of the

alveoli)Oxygen diffuses into the

capillaries from the tissue and carbon dioxide leaves the capillaries and enter the tissue

Pulmonary veinLeft atriumMitral valveLeft ventricleAortic ValveAorta

ArteriesArteriolesCapillaries (exchange of gases and

wastes)oxygen leaves the blood from the capillaries and into the tissue; carbon dioxide leaves the tissue and into the blood of the capillaries

Venules (valves)Veins (valves)Inferior or superior vena cavaRight atrium