what makes a design difficult to route · 2015-07-29 · bill gates. oct. 1955. steve jobs. feb....
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IBM Corp.
What Makes A Design Difficult to Route
Charles J. Alpert, Zhuo Li, Michael Moffitt, Gi-Joon Nam, Jarrod Roy, Gustavo Tellez
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
2 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
What Does This Man and a Router Have in Common?
Young math whiz
Discovers computerprogramming
Drops out of Harvard
Starts Microsoft
Works really hard
Becomes very rich
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
3 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Bill’s OpportunitiesASR-33 Teletype
1968: 8th grade
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
4 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Some Math Whiz, Computer Programmer, Hard Working Guys
Bill GatesOct. 1955
Steve JobsFeb. 1955
Bill JoyNov. 1954
Scott McNealyNov. 1954
Eric SchmidtApr. 1955
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
5 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
What’s the Difference Between These Guys?
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
6 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
What Does a Router Have in Common with Bill Gates?
Take away the opportunity to succeed, and they won’t
Give them the opportunity to succeed, and they will
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
7 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Routing is From Venus, Congestion Analysis is From Mars
FloorplanningPlacement
Timing Closure
FloorplanningPlacement
Timing Closure
RoutingCongestion
Analysis
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
8 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Measuring Routing Quality (40-track per gcell)
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
9 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Routable gcell (75% full)
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
10 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Unroutable gcell (150% full) – 20 Nets of Overflow
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
11 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Example Congestion MapHorizontal Congestion Vertical Congestion
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
12 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Congestion Map with Better Physical SynthesisHorizontal Congestion Vertical Congestion
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
13 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Common Routing Metrics
Number of Overflow Nets =Number of Nets Over 100% Congested
Number of nets over 90% congested
Number of nets over 80% congested
Average congestion of 20% worst gcells
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
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Handling Routing Blockages
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
15 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
50% Full or 95% Full?
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
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The Wire Stack
250nm 130nm 90nm 65nm 45nm32nm
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
17 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Resistance per mm
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
thin medium thick
65 nm45 nm32 nm
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
18 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Routing Tracks on 4X Metal
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
19 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Only 2 Tracks Left, but Not Congested
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
20 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Routing Tracks on 10X Metal
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
21 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Routing Tracks on 16X Metal
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
22 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Is This Net Congested?
Different routers can and will report different routing metrics for the same exact global routes!
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
23 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Cross section of a gcell
1x
2x
4x
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
24 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Timing Closure Constrains The Router
Layer assignment / wire sizingassigns constraints for the router
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
25 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Is This a Congestion Problem?
1x
2x
4x
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
26 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Is It Routable?
Avg 20% = 83.5
#nets > 100% = 532
#nets > 90% = 2785
Avg 20% = 89.1
#nets > 100% = 9532
#nets > 90% = 25785
Avg 20% = 78.2
#nets > 100% = 16
#nets > 90% = 753
Avg 20% = 81.7
#nets > 100% = 3942
#nets > 90% = 11880
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
27 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Congestion Analysis Versus Routing
Probabilistic Route Fast
Congestion Analysis
No Scenic
Completely Scenic
A Little Scenic
Over Blockages
Around Blockages
May violate layer constraints
Obey layer constraints
Route Carefully
Completely Scenic
Around Blockages
May violate layer constraints
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
28 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Minimizing Wire Generally Improves CongestionBad placement Good placement
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
29 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Spread it Uniformly Doesn’t Always Work
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
30 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
CRISP Progression
Initial Placement
Iteration 5 Iteration 10 Iteration 15
Horizontal Congestion
Vertical Congestion
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
31 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Effect of Timing Driven-PlacementInitial placement Timing-driven placement
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
32 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Effect of Timing Driven-Placement
Initial placement Timing-driven placement
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
33 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Impact of More Efficient Area Usage
Avg 20%: 108.06 >90% nets: 37855 >100% nets: 21364
Avg 20%: 86.89>90% nets: 7307>100% nets: 1147
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
34 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
“Sitting” in the Student Section
Density
Rou
ting
diffi
culty
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
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Buffering Along A Global Route
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
36 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Buffer Packing
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
37 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Blockage Avoidance Routing
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
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The Corona Effect
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
39 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Corona Effect + Too Much Thick Metal
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
40 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
Hot Spots versus Opens and Shorts
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
41 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
What Makes a Design Difficult to Route?
Bad floorplan
Over packing dense logic
Inefficient area minimization
Over weighting for timing-driven placement
Buffering too packed
Over-constraining router
Not capturing local routing isses
Even if successful, don’t mess up timing too much
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What Makes a Design Difficult to Route
42 2010 International Symposium on Physical Design March 15, 2010
What Does a Child Have in Common with a Router ?
Just because opportunity is provided, they may not take advantage.
We want to create opportunities to succeed.
We don’t really know what the best opportunities are.