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Organizational Behavior 

Organizational behavior

(OB)

 A field of study thatinvestigates the impact thatindividuals, groups, andstructure have on behaviorwithin organizations, for thepurpose of applying suchknowledge toward improvingan organization’s effectiveness.

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Replacing Intuition with

Systematic Study

Systematic study

Looking at relationships, attempting to attributecauses and effects, and drawing conclusions basedon scientific evidence.

Provides a means to predict behaviors.

Intuition

 A feeling not necessarily supported by research.

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Nature of Organizational Behavior 

Human Behavior in

Organizational settings

The Organization

The individual-

Organization interface

Environment

Environment

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Foundations of Organizational

Behavior 

Individual

Differences

Whole Individual

Caused

behavior 

Human dignity

Social

Systems

Mutuality of 

Interests

Holistic

Concept

OB

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Importance of Organizational

Behavior 

•  A manager in a business organization is concerned with

getting things done through delegation, knowledge of OB

facilitates effective management of the same.

• The field of OB is useful for maintaining cordial IR.

• The subject of OB is also useful to understand the

behavior of the consumers (Consumer Behavior).

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The Basic Process of Organizational

Behavior 

How Strong are

They?

How do they

Interrelate?

Understanding

What patterns of 

Behavior are

present?

What is the cause-

effect

relationship?

Prediction

What solutions are

possible?

Which variables

can beinfluenced?

Understanding

Problem prevent ion 

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 A Social Learning Approach To

Organizational Behavior 

Much of complex behavior 

is acquired by directly

observing and imitating

others in the surrounding

environment

ORGANIZATIONAL

PARTICIPANTS

ORGANIZATIONAL

BEHAVIOR

Cognitiverepresentations of 

reality help guide

organizational behavior 

ORGANIZATIONAL

ENVIRONMENT

Participants control their 

own behavior to the

extent that they rely

on cognitive supports and

manage relevant environmental

cues and consequences

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Toward an OB

Discipline

E X H I B I T 1 –3

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Contributing Disciplines to the

OB Field

E X H I B I T 1 –3 (cont’d)

PsychologyThe science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes

change the behavior of humans and other animals.

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Contributing Disciplines to the OB

Field

E X H I B I T 1 –3 (cont’d)

SociologyThe study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

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Contributing Disciplines to the OB

Field

E X H I B I T 1 –3 (cont’d)

Social Psychology An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychologyand sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on oneanother.

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Contributing Disciplines to the OB

Field

E X H I B I T 1 –3 (cont’d)

AnthropologyThe study of societies to learn about human beings and theiractivities.

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Contributing Disciplines to the OB

Field

E X H I B I T 1 –3 (cont’d)

Political Science

The study of the behavior of individuals and groupswithin a political environment.

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Challenges and Opportunities for OB

• Responding to Globalization – Increased foreign assignments

 – Working with people from different cultures

 – Coping with anti-capitalism backlash

 – Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-

cost labor 

• Managing Workforce Diversity

 – Embracing diversity

 – Changing U.S. demographics

 – Implications for managers

• Recognizing and responding to differences

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Ex-Defense/Para

military

personnel

Major Workforce Diversity

Categories

Race

SC/ST/OBC

National

Origin

Age

Disability

Gender

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Challenges and Opportunities for OB

• Improving Quality and Productivity

 – Quality management (QM)

 – Process reengineering

•

Responding to the Labor Shortage – Changing work force demographics

 – Fewer skilled laborers

 – Early retirements and older workers

• Improving Customer Service – Increased expectation of service quality

 – Customer-responsive cultures

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Challenges and Opportunity for OB

• Improving People Skills

• Empowering People

• Stimulating Innovation and Change• Coping with “Temporariness” 

• Working in Networked Organizations

• Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts• Improving Ethical Behavior