what is journalism.2014.stratt.mod
DESCRIPTION
Some journalism basics.TRANSCRIPT
Journalism1
1. Advance
2. Angle
3. Attribution
4. Brite & Brief
5. Caption
6. Censor
7. Cliché
8. Copyright
9. Cutoff Test
10. Defamation
11. Downstyle
12. Editorial
13. Elements of News
14. Feature
15. 5 Ws & the H
16. Format
17. Gutter
18. Inverted Pyramid
19. Kicker
20. Lede (lead)
21. Libel
22. Nameplate
23. Nut Graf
24. Plagiarism
25. Point
26. Primary head
27. Proofing
28. Secondary head
29. Tabloid
30. Transition2
TERMS
HISTORY OF AMERICAN JOURNALISM
PUBLICK OCCURRENCES- 1690
No “Freedom of the Press”
Peter Zenger Case-Printed criticisms about the governor of NYZenger charged with seditious libel
Libel is a form of defamationLibel law at the time: “The greater the truth, the greater the libel”Trial established the right of a newspaper to print the truth
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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging
the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a
redress of grievances. ~ 1776
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THE FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
of
freedomthe
press
Yellow Journalism
“You furnish the pictures. I’ll furnish the war.”
~ William Randolph Hearst
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Based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration
Unethical, irresponsible journalism
Hoaxes, altered photos, sensational headlines
Competition between New
York Journal and New York World
Spanish-American War
Early 1900’s
THE MUCKRAKERS
Upton Sinclair
1906
“The Jungle”
These were/are journalists who exposed corruption in government and business
Term comes from “muck” on meatpacking floors — “The Jungle”McClure's Magazine (1893–1929)Unethical & illegal business dealingsFood & drug corruptionChild laborContinue into investigative journalismAutomobile safetyPolitical corruption
Ralph Nader1965
“Unsafe at Any Speed”
Bob Woodward &Carl Bernstein
Washington Post 1972
“Watergate”
Ida Tarbell1904
“The History of the
Standard Oil Company”
Types of articles
STRAIGH
T
NEWS
INVESTIGATIVE
FILLERS7
EDITORIAL
SFEATURES
SPORTS
1. Proximity
2. Timeliness
3. Prominence
4. Consequence
5. Personality, Human Interest
6. Rarity
7. Concreteness
8. Conflict
9. Change
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Straight NewsThese are known as
The Elements of News
NewsReporting news in a straight-forward manner covering all the required facts.
The style is direct with focus on the gist of the story with other necessary points.
The news style should be concise and precise.
The facts must be crosschecked which makes the news item as authentic as possible without any media bias.
Such news pieces often cover politics and social movements.
News stories based on political suppression, public movements or abuse of human rights have proved instrumental in effecting many a social change, or giving voice to the oppressed.
Similarly, cultural events are also covered in news journalism. 9
Types of News
1. Spot story Write it quickly, clearly and simply.
2. Sidebar is a spot story that is filed as a companion piece to a running “trunk” story or series of updates on breaking news. It may be a related Alert and Newsbreak or a basic spot news story. It may cover reaction or some other development linked with a major running story.
3. Curtainraisers or previews by definition are written ahead of set-piece events – meetings, visits, elections, trials, earnings, speeches etc.
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Types of NewsInvestigative journalism is a primary source of information.
Investigative journalism often focuses on investigating and exposing unethical, immoral and illegal behavior by individuals, businesses and government agencies
It can be complicated, time-consuming and expensive—requiring teams of journalists, months of research, interviews (sometimes repeated interviews) with numerous people, long-distance travel, computers to analyze public-record databases, or use of the company's legal staff to secure documents under freedom of information laws.
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Stories that go into deeper detail than straight news
More “human”Human interestEntertainment
More creativity
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Feature Stories
FeaturesA feature story is an insight into a trend or an issue or personality.
Usually longer forms of writing; more attention is paid to style than in straight news reports.
Must be written in a creative and interesting way. The first two paragraphs must grab the reader's attention and still convey article’s ideas
They are often combined with photographs, drawings or other "art" such as a picture, graphic, video or factbox.
They may also be highlighted by typographic effects or colors.
It uses specific examples to illustrate trends or issues and puts them in a broad framework allowing the social, economic, corporate or political implications to shine through, whether local, national or global.
A feature is essentially cross-sectoral i.e. it should appeal to anyone in a global audience of politically and financially aware readers.1
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Types of Features1. News Feature: cover the same subjects as deadline hard-
news stories, but do so in greater depth and detail.2. Spot features are feature stories produced on deadline that
focus on a breaking news event. Often news features are used as sidebars to the mainbar, the main deadline news story about an event.
3. Profiles of prominent or unique individuals of interest to the community.
4. A “brite” or “odd” is a story which is funny, quirky or bizarre. A “bright” may also be poignant or sad and invariably involves people. Usually covered because the details were unusual.
5. Reviews: books, films, music, restaurants and more6. Q&A-type interviews7. Background for certain events or traditions8. Historical pieces that delve into the past
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Sports
Reporting on a particular sport event.
Provides accurate facts and statistics related to that event.
Interviews with celebrity sport stars are yet one of the interesting features of sports journalism.
Although sports-lovers watch the live coverage thanks to the media, there are many people who still enjoy reading or watching in-depth details about the event.1
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Brites
Advances
Comics
Horoscopes
Puzzles
Recipes
Other “fun” stuff 16
Fillers
NOTNews
NEWS!
Dog bites man
Man bites dog
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5Ws & H
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WHO?WHAT?WHEN?WHERE?WHY?
HOW?
LEDE (LEAD)
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Almost always a single sentence
Less than 30-35 words long
Summarize the most important of the “Ws”
Limit to one central idea
“Hook” the reader
LEDE (almost always one sentence)
The most important information in the story should be in the first
few paragraphs
BODYSecondary facts of the
story
Minor factsof thestory
Inverted Pyramid
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A “slant” to your story.
makes the purpose of the story clear and give it focus.
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HAVE AN ANGLE
RIGHT:More than 100 people were left homeless after a tornado struck Titusville yesterday.
WRONG:Seventeen houses were flattened by a tornado that struck Titusville yesterday.
murder
forced
captured
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BIAS/TONE
death assisted detained
HIGHLY CHARGED WORDS LESS CHARGED WORDS
BIASEDMORE
OBJECTIVE
37 feared dead in boat accident
Men heard boasting of daily shootings
Shark fin soup alters ecosystem
Oh rubbish!! Sucking up trash
Violent storms batter southeast
Groups sue over toxic toys 23
HEADLINES
Few or no articles
Action verbs only
Does the headline express the main idea of the story?
Does the headline effectively label the story's content?
Will it create reader interest?
Will it move readers into the story?
Does the headline focus match the lead focus?
Are the words short, common, colorful, powerful, specific?
Would you read a story with this headline?
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HEADLINE CHECKLIST
HEADLINE TERMSTerm Meaningdownstyle
Capitalizing one the first letter of the first word and proper nouns in the headline
primary head
A headline that is larger and bolder than its accompanying headline
secondary head
A headline that is smaller and lighter than its accompanying headline (also called a kicker)
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Craze makes comeback
Hula Hoops on a roll
Kicker / secondary
headPrimary
head
Downstyle
HEADLINE EXAMPLE
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REALLYBad Headlines
Man stabbed 37 times-police rule out suicide
March planned for next August
Patient at death's door--doctors pull him through
Child's stool great for use in garden
Juvenile court to try shooting defendant
Police begin campaign to run down jaywalkers
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Really Bad Headlines
William Kelly, 87, was fed secretary
Iraqi head seeks arms
Drunk gets nine months in violin case
Enraged cow injures farmer with ax
Deer kill 7,000
Local high school dropouts cut in half
Include your children when baking cookies28
Tabloid
Format
Fold
Gutter
Caption
Point 29
PARTS OF A NEWSPAPER