what is gum disease?
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What is Gum Disease?
Yelena PaliyevaGinny LoebSarah Boe
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Two Types
• Gingivitis – gums only
• Periodontal disease – gums, teeth, and bone
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Healthy Gums
Healthy gums are pink – not red or swollen
Do NOT bleed!
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Question 1
What is plaque?
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Plaque
• Pale yellow layer • Bacteria build up• Major cause of gum disease
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Question 2
What do you think is the biggest reason people have gum disease?
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Gingivitis
• Swollen gums • Gums are often red• Can heal and become healthy again
– Disease could go away• Can get worse if not addressed
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Why Gingivitis?
• If not removed plaque hardens into tartar (calculus)
• Tartar under the gums can irritate the gums
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Question 3
Has anyone ever had bleeding gums when you brush or floss?
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Question 4
Do you think it is normal to have bleeding gums?
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Bleeding gums are NOT normal
• Gums are bleeding because of bacteria in plaque and tartar
• Sign of disease• Bacteria can lead to a more severe disease
that causes permanent damage to tissues around teeth– Leads to periodontal disease
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Periodontal disease
• Disease of gums, teeth, and bone • Bone can not heal • Permanent damage
– Gums lower, teeth look longer– Bone loss– Teeth lose connection to bone– Tooth loss
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Gum loss, bad breath, bleeding gums, loose teeth, new gaps between teeth
Periodontal disease
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Progression of Disease
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Healthy Bone
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Bone Loss
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Periodontal disease
BacteriaCan be changed by:-keeping the mouth
clean-Diet
Heredity-Immune deficiency-Genetic syndromesDiseases in the
body-DiabetesViruses
Habits-General attitude
toward health-Smoking
-Alcohol-Diet
-Medications
Negative Stress
Psychological Factors
-bad effect on immune system
Social Factors-Family-Up-bringing-Job/Profession-Culture
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Main Factors
• Smoking• Oral care – at home and dental visits• Stress• Overall health• Heredity • Immune response
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How much bacteria in a cubic mm of plaque???
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100,000,000100 million bacteria in a cubic mm of plaque
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Question 5
What do you think could help you from getting diseases in your
mouth?
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Prevention
• Good daily brushing and flossing– Brush at least 2 times a day
• after breakfast & bedtime
– Floss at least 1 time a day• bedtime
• Regular dental visits– Important – Areas where only professionals can reach
• Areas especially involved in periodontal disease• Toothbrush does not reach past 3mm from gumline
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Remove Plaque
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Periodontal treatment
• Gingivitis:– Use mouth rinses and toothpastes that kill
bacteria that cause gingivitis• Periodontal disease:
– Deep cleaning of tooth root surfaces below gums– Prescription medication– Oral surgery
• $$$ costs lots of money!
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Overview
• Gingivitis:– Inflammation of the gums, redness, bleeding & infection – Could progress to periodontal disease– Can go back to healthy state if treated
• Periodontal disease:– Disease of tissue surrounding teeth– Can not go back to a healthy state
– but could be made stable with treatment
– Many risk factors– #1 = smoking
– Number one cause of tooth loss!!!
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Thank You for Listening!
BTC Dental Hygiene Clinic
360-752-8349Call for a free screening if you think you have a
lot of tarter build-up!