WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

VARIETY OF DEFINITIONSVARIETY OF DEFINITIONS&&

OTHER TERMS OTHER TERMS

GLOBALIZATION by A. Olechowski:GLOBALIZATION by A. Olechowski:

Today I can:Today I can:- live on a boat on Caribbean Sealive on a boat on Caribbean Sea- work in Polandwork in Poland- be in constant touch with my boss in Francebe in constant touch with my boss in France- and with the rest of the team around the worldand with the rest of the team around the world- keep my money in a bank in Switzerlandkeep my money in a bank in Switzerland- buy my books in the USAbuy my books in the USA- buy my clothes in Englandbuy my clothes in England- have a phone plugged in the space above mehave a phone plugged in the space above me

GLOBALIZATION as a word:GLOBALIZATION as a word:

After Magellan’s discovery:After Magellan’s discovery:

the word „globe” came as a substitute of the word „planet” the word „globe” came as a substitute of the word „planet”

End of XIX century: End of XIX century:

the word „global” appeared in the the word „global” appeared in the Oxford English DictionaryOxford English Dictionary meaning „world-wide” (adjective)meaning „world-wide” (adjective)

1940s:1940s:

words „globalism” and „to globalise" in the dictionarieswords „globalism” and „to globalise" in the dictionaries

1961:1961:

the word „globalization” appears in the the word „globalization” appears in the Webster Webster dictionarydictionary

and soon in all the dictionaries around the worldand soon in all the dictionaries around the world

Globalization in the dictionaries today:Globalization in the dictionaries today:

WEBSTER: WEBSTER:

„„growth to a global or worldwide scale”growth to a global or worldwide scale”

WIKIPEDIA:WIKIPEDIA:

„ „ a social change, an increase in connections a social change, an increase in connections among societies and their elements”among societies and their elements”

EENCYCLOPEDIA OF NCYCLOPEDIA OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT:BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT:

„ „ thethe process of increasing integration in world process of increasing integration in world civilizationcivilization” ”

WORDS USED BEFORE THE WORD WORDS USED BEFORE THE WORD „GLOBALIZATION”„GLOBALIZATION”

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM WORLD CAPITALISMWORLD CAPITALISM WORLD MARKETWORLD MARKET OPEN ECONOMYOPEN ECONOMY

The roots of globalization lie in the economicalThe roots of globalization lie in the economical

changes and in the intensification of internationalchanges and in the intensification of international

tradetrade

Complex and dynamic processComplex and dynamic process Broad, deep definitionBroad, deep definition

GLOBALIZATION by D. Harvey:GLOBALIZATION by D. Harvey:

„„compression of time and space„compression of time and space„

GLOBALIZATION by A. Giddens:GLOBALIZATION by A. Giddens:

„„thethe world-wide development world-wide development of social andof social and economic economic

relationshipsrelationships” ”

GLOBALIZATION by J.A. Scholte:GLOBALIZATION by J.A. Scholte:

„„the rise of 'supraterritorial' relations between the rise of 'supraterritorial' relations between peoplespeoples””

GLOBALIZATION by D. Held:GLOBALIZATION by D. Held:

„„widening, deepening and speeding up widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectof worldwide interconnectionsions

in all aspects of contemporary social life, in all aspects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, from the cultural to the criminal,

the financial to the spiritual”the financial to the spiritual”

GLOBALIZATION by J.W. Head:GLOBALIZATION by J.W. Head:

„„the process by which new multilateralthe process by which new multilateral institutions and rulesinstitutions and rules -- especially especially

thosethose involvedinvolved in in economic activity economic activity -- grow ingrow in number and authority,number and authority, atat the the

expense of local and nationalexpense of local and national institutions andinstitutions and rulesrules””

GLOBALIZATION by the critics:GLOBALIZATION by the critics:

„„worldwide drive toward a globalised worldwide drive toward a globalised economic system economic system

dominated by supranational corporate dominated by supranational corporate trade and banking institutions trade and banking institutions

that are not accountable to democratic that are not accountable to democratic processes or national governments” processes or national governments”

GLOBALIZATION by antiglobalists:GLOBALIZATION by antiglobalists:

„„you can not you can not

eat eat

your money”your money”

OTHER TERMS USED IN OTHER TERMS USED IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:

InternationalizationInternationalization

UniversalizationUniversalization

intensification of relations intensification of relations between sovereign statesbetween sovereign states

the expansion of the expansion of interactions affected by interactions affected by the spread of goods, ideas, the spread of goods, ideas, inventions and experiences inventions and experiences to every corner of the to every corner of the globeglobe

OTHER TERMS USED IN OTHER TERMS USED IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXTINTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT::

LiberalizationLiberalization

HomogenizationHomogenization

the lifting of government the lifting of government restrictions on the cross-restrictions on the cross-border flow of production border flow of production factors and the introduction factors and the introduction of the open world economyof the open world economy

the tendency of prices, the tendency of prices, products, pay, property, products, pay, property, interest rates and profit to interest rates and profit to resemble one anotherresemble one another

OTHER TERMS USED IN OTHER TERMS USED IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:

WesternizationWesternization

AmericanizationAmericanization

the spread of Western the spread of Western values and cultural values and cultural patterns at the cost of patterns at the cost of indigenous culturesindigenous cultures

the spread of American the spread of American way of life and cultural way of life and cultural patterns also in well-patterns also in well-developed Western states developed Western states (McDonaldization)(McDonaldization)

OTHER TERMS USED IN OTHER TERMS USED IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:

RegionalizationRegionalization

IntegrationIntegration

states’ actions toward states’ actions toward regional cooperation on regional cooperation on different levels (political, different levels (political, economical, social)economical, social)

states’ actions toward close states’ actions toward close and tight cooperation on and tight cooperation on different levels (security, different levels (security, economics)economics)

OTHER TERMS USED IN OTHER TERMS USED IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:

DeterritorializationDeterritorialization

TransnationalizationTransnationalization

certain aspects of a state certain aspects of a state territory and its territory and its geographical location geographical location become unimportantbecome unimportant

states are no longer the states are no longer the only subjects on only subjects on international scene international scene (corporations, (corporations, organizations, individuals)organizations, individuals)

IMPORTANT VOCABULARYIMPORTANT VOCABULARY

STATESTATE NATIONNATION SOVEREIGNTYSOVEREIGNTY GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT SECURITYSECURITY SOCIETYSOCIETY OPEN marketOPEN market FREE FLOW/MOVEMENT OF GOODS etc.FREE FLOW/MOVEMENT OF GOODS etc. MULTILATERALMULTILATERAL SUPRANATIONALSUPRANATIONAL CROSS-BORDERCROSS-BORDER