What is Genocide?Genocide: is any act that is intended to destroy, in whole or part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group.Examples:Killing members of a groupCausing bodily or mental harmInflicting negative conditions of lifePrevent births Transfer childrenUN Genocide Convention

GENOCIDECAUSES: Difficult social conditions intense economic problems intense political conflict this can be conflict between dominant groups and subordinate ones that are poor and have limited rights very great and rapid social changes List EXAMPLES:

cultural aspects that make genocide probable Define SCAPEGOATING:History of conflict and violence between two groups Strong respect for authority Totalitarian countries are more likely to engage in genocide than democratic.WHY?How does passivity increase the violence? http://www.soundportraits.org/on-air/remembering_kitty_genovese/The New York Times: Multimedia Search for 'rwanda'

HUTU-TUTSI CONFLICTGENOCIDEETHNIC CLEANSING

RWANDAHutus are the ______________Tutsi are the ______________The European power that imperialized Rwanda is ________Independence was gained in 1961Hutus took power200,000 Tutsis fled RwandaTutsis formed the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)a militia groupPaul Kagame

Rwandas Colonial Legacy1600s- Tutsi kings conquered Hutusfeudal system set up1916- Belgium took control of Rwandarequired identity cards labeled w/ persons ethnicityruled through Tutsi kingsTutsi were the minority1959-Hutus rebelled against Tutsis20,000 killedothers forced into exile

Hutu/ Tutsi ConflictHutu85% of PopulationUnder colonial rule: serfs/ peasantsAfter independence:Hutus wanted power backTook power200,000 Tutsis fled Rwanda

1994After plane crash w/ the presidents of Rwanda & Burundi, both Hutus, begin to commit killings of Tutsis.Whos believed to shot down the plane? Tutsi15% of populationUnder colonial rule:Upper classAfter independence:Tried to keep power

800,000 massacredRwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)Tutsi militia groupEnded the genocide

The Spark1994: Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, a Hutu, plane was shot downWho shot down the plane? Govt encourages Hutus to kill Tutsi over the radioan unofficial militia group called the Interahamwe (meaning those who attack together) began to massacre TutsisDeath toll: _____________@ Hutu: ______________Why?

RPF defeated the InterahamweDefeated Hutus (2 million) flee to Zaire in fear of retributionFleeing to Zaire (now the DR Congo)

AftermathTutsis recapture capitalw/ help from the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)Death toll equaled 10% of the population90% of victims were Tutsi10% were moderate Hutus2 million Hutu refugees flee in fearRwandas leader at the time, Jean Kambanda (Hutu), put on trialGiven life in prison

ReflectionWhy do you think this event started?Was Rwanda a genocide? Explain.What should the United Nations have done? Explain.What should the US have done? Explain.Heroes and Bystanderswww.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ghosts/video

DARFUR, SudanWho is committing the acts of Genocide?

Who are the victims?