What is collage?A technique in which cut out paper forms (often painted or printed) are pasted onto

another surface in a composition. (Abrams, A History of Art)

Where did Collage begin?

Picasso Braque

Picasso

Above: “Aficiona” , “Guitar and Sheet Music”, 1912

Braque

• Violin and Pipe 1913 • Fruit Dish 1912

“Artist Pablo Picasso was the father of many art movements including perhaps his most famous, Cubism. During his Cubist stage, he and fellow artist, Georges Braque created the collage as a natural extension of Cubism. Picasso created collage (synthetic cubism) works from 1907 to 1914.”

(http://www.ehow.com/facts_5512777_history-pablo-picassos-collage-art.html#ixzz14GE7fAU9)

Important terms

• Synthetic cubism: Is what Picasso and Braque called collage when they created it.

• Photo collage: collages made from photographs.

• Three dimensional collage: sculptures that use techniques similar to collage and

• Synthetic cubist sculpture: is a synonym for three dimensional collage.

Collage also known as Synthetic Cubism

• “Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter. It was the beginning of collage materials being introduced as an important ingredient of fine art work.”

• (http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/collage.htm)

How did Collage start

• Although collage is attributed as an extension of sorts to the artist's works done in Cubist style, neither Picasso nor Braque ever indicated what motivated them to begin pasting bits of newspaper and other found objects onto their canvases.

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5512777_history-pablo-picassos-collage-art.html#ixzz14GF0Lll6

Picasso versus Braque• Picasso was interested in

themes of popular culture. • He integrated newspaper

clippings that involved musical, and theatre elements.

• Picasso took themes of collage and made them three- dimensional.

• Important to note, he worked in various sculpture & painting techniques.

• Braque was just as influential to the collage movement, but is sometimes forgotten in art history for his contributions.

• Braque was more concerned with integrating social elements. His newspaper clippings were often of social unrest, or political issues.

Three Dimensional Collage

• Collage developed along with Cubism. In 1912, Picasso created three-dimensional "collages." Although these collages featured found objects pasted onto the canvas as did the earlier ones, these objects became sculptures on the canvas. This was a departure from the original goal of Cubism. Picasso's first creation in this vein was a guitar.

(http://www.ehow.com/facts_5512777_history-pablo-picassos-collage-art.html#ixzz14GLe8W9q)

Three dimensional Collage

Picasso : “Guitar”1912

In addition to collage Picasso created a number of synthetic cubist sculptures. They were composed of wood scraps, the sculpture is more of a suggestion of a musical piece, rather than an overt representation of one.

(tex.http://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/collage.htmtual puns. )

Picasso: “Guitar 1924”

Collage after Picasso and Braque

Richard Hamilton & Collage

1956

“Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing?”

Richard Hamilton

• 1959-61

“$he”

Richard Hamilton : Biography

• He was born in 1922, and was part of the British Group IG formed in 1952. Made up of members from the Institute of Contemporary Art in London. He was one of the most prominent members.

• The members took themes and imagery from modern design such as General Motors e.g. the Cadillac ( 1955).

• In his piece $he, Hamilton uses work based entirely on advertising sources.

• Hamilton used collage images from Whirlpool, toasters and vacuum cleaners as subject matter in his work.

Robert Rauschenberg

Robert Rauschenberg & Collage

• Was interested in the intersection of art and technology, but was less interested in the integration of ordinary culture (such as comic, TV..)

• He was part of the “Art of Assemblage Movement” happening at the time.

• Like Picasso, he was interested in integrating three dimensional elements, as seen in “Canyon”.

“Collage” 1970

Canyon: 1959

Robert Raushenberg 1925-1982 Biography

• Rauschenberg stood apart from his Pop Art colleagues in using his skills to draw attention to social and political issues. His art activism certainly had its shortcomings, nevertheless, his many attempts at fusing art with social concerns were noteworthy. During the course of his life he created artworks that addressed the issues of war, racial equality, nuclear disarmament, apartheid, economic development, artist’s rights, and environmentalism - themes that all too few of today’s artists seem willing to tackle.

(http://art-for-a-change.com/blog/2008/05/robert-rauschenberg-1925-2008.html)

Rauschenberg Quotes

• “It is impossible to have progress without conscience”

• “The artist’s job is to be a witness to his time in history.”

(http://art-for-a-change.com/blog/2008/05/robert-rauschenberg-1925-2008.html)

Contemporary Collage Artists

Richard Price

Richard Price: “Nurse Series”

The Nurse Series

• Prince's "Nurse" series at least had some involvement by the artist. He took pulp romance novel covers, scanned them, and had them printed on canvas. Then he added his own acrylic paint touches. Changing something done my someone else, to make it your own is sanctioned under certain areas of the fair use statutes. (http://ibelieveindesign.blogspot.com/)

Richard Price: Biography

• Prince was born in 1949, in the Panama Canal zone. He first started creating "art" in the 70s. His tactic of re-photographing photographs was something he did from the very beginning. It is not surprising that someone working in the world of fine art is using images created by others. (http://ibelieveindesign.blogspot.com/)

Where did Price get his ideas?

• Like Hamilton and Rauschenberg, Price was fascinated with the “art of assemblage”.

Questions??? What do you think the social implications of the Nurses, are?

How do Prices processes and techniques connect to Picasso and Braques early collage techniques.

What are some differences with in the early collage artists and the collage artists working in teh 60s onward

Interview with Price

• Interview Link: http://www.rovetv.net/pr-interview.html

Questions for the class.

• Is it ok to borrow other peoples images to make your own work?

• Have you ever borrowed pictures to make a work of your own?

• Would it bother you if someone borrowed an image of yours to put in their work?

• Has this ever happened to you?

Definition of Appropriation

• Term used to describe an artist’s practice of borrowing from another source for a new work of art. While in previous centuries artists often copied one another’s figures, motifs, or compositions, in modern items the source for appropriation extend from material culture to works of art.

• (Stockstad, Volume 2,( Glossary))

What about Appropriation(in Collage and other mediums).

•Is Richard Hamilton right or wrong?

Marlboro Man: Richard Price• “This piece was sold for $1,200,000. It set a

record for the most money ever paid for a single photograph. The only problem is that he didn’t alter or change it in any way. All he did was re- photograph it and make a really large print. ...it sold for a $3.2 million

• No photographer had ever sold a photo for that much. Not one.”

• Krantz, the original photographer says that Price’s work is already public and is probably protected by “Fair Use Laws”......he is actually quite complacent.

One opinion piece on lines stated...

• Richard Prince is in a class by himself. But he couldn't have done it by himself. He needed the art world to enable and endorse him. No less than New York's Guggenheim and Whitney museums have exhibited his work. Even worse, Prince set a record in 2005 when one of those Marlboro photos sold for $1,200,000. It set a record for the most money ever paid for a single photograph. The only problem is that he didn't take the original photo. And to make it worse, he didn't alter or change it in any way.

• (http://ibelieveindesign.blogspot.com/), Retrieved October 2010.

Marcel Duchamp & Appropriation“He took an ordinary article of life, placed it so that its useful significance disappeared under the new title an point of view-and created a new thought for the object.” (Harrison and Wood , p.248)

Student Nurse

Fashion appropriating Prince

Guess who else borrowed?

Imgres.htmImgres.htm

Campbell's Soup Can: Andy Warhol

How does Pop Art connects to collage?

• In 1961-1962 several exhibitions in New York City featured art that drew on popular culture for style and subject matter. Because of its popular sources, (movies, comics, T.V.), this emerging movement came to be called Pop Art.

• Critics worried that the Pop Movement threatened “high /sophisticated art” of the time.

(Stockstad, Art History, Revised Edition, Volume two,p.1130.)

Andy Warhol

• Warhol assumed that all Pop artists shared his view of ordinary culture.

• When the pop movement was beginning he wrote, “The Pop Artists did images that anybody walking down Broadway could recognize in a split second- comics, picnic tables,, ....all the great modern things that other artists have tried hard to ignore”

• (Stockstad, Art History, Revised Edition, Volume two,p.1130.)

CBC Pod Cast on Appropriation

• On December 21, we aired a story that really touched a nerve. It centered around appropriation art, the use of borrowed images in the creation of new work. But when is "borrowing" actually "stealing"? Listen to the debate, and join the discussion.

• When is appropriation appropriate? And who own the image? If artists aren't allowed to use the images that surround us in their work, then are we preventing artists from performing their role as cultural commentators?

• http://www.cbc.ca/q/blog/2008/01/07/is-appropriation-ever-appropriate-1/

Regionalists & Collage

• Regionalists is a term used collectively to describe a group of people working in a particular region, e.g. NB.

• When the term is used it refers to those working in that particular part of the world.

Andrea Butler: “So Far So Good”

Andrea Butler is a Saint John, NB Artist.

She studied textiles at NSCAD and has shownHer work through out North

America. The NB Art Bank has bought

Her work, and she has won Provincial Art grants.

Andrea Butler: “I want to be an Artist”

Telegraph Journal Article, Sept. 2010

• “It took textile artist Andrea Butler two years to complete these three massive tapestries hanging outside the Imperial Theatre on its eastern wall. The work is called 'I Wanted to be an Artist.‘” ( Telegraph Journal 2010)

• For more of the article...• (http://telegraphjournal.canadaeast.com/gallery/1222336,583825)

Alexandra Flood: Artist Statement“The acrylic technique I use calls for several coats of tinted gloss varnish. These meticulous layers evoke the deep luminosity of traditional stained glass and sixteenth century Flemish still-life, while also suggesting contemporary visual mediums such as cinematic lighting, photography and television. My paintings appear both representational, surreal, and sometimes abstract. The work in turn, is allowed to float freely between past, present and futuristic approaches to image making. I address elements of decadence, feminine adornment, and gluttonous beauty, with a non-polemic voice rooted in painterly virtue and a fascination with technology.”(http://alexandraflood.ca/)

“Native Princess”

How does she use collage?

“Hummer”

The series is comprised of large paintings that portray long lustrous hair. The images are derived from edited photo collages, which extract and combine select elements of idealized princess-like hair. (http://alexandraflood.ca/)

Jack Bishop

Jack Bishops Approach

Jack photographs people shopping/ parking lots/ and suburban landscapes. He then creates photo collages to create his oil paintings .Jacks’ work has been purchased by both the provincial and the National Art Bank.He has also received Provincial grants to work, and is a commercially successful artist in Canada.

Regional Artists Using Collage

• http://www.andreabutler.ca/

http://alexandraflood.ca/

• http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=2000220&id=164200072

Questions for the class

How will you use collage in your term portfolio beyond this unit?

Do you see economic, social, or other advantages with in the medium?

Can you think of your first collage; when you made it did the thought of appropriation ever cross your mind?

Do you ever worry about infringement laws?

History Task

• Research a modern collage artist, or an artist that integrates collage in their work some how.

• Find their artist statement, interview,• Discuss how you, personally, interpret the

work.• Find at least three images by that artist and

compare them to another Artist mentioned in the unit, e.g. Braque or Hamilton.

What is this?